《黑镜》系列
2019-05-30宋云峰
宋云峰
一、《黑镜》系列——探讨新科技对当代生活的影响
由查利·布鲁克(Charlie Brooker)创作的英国科幻电视剧《黑镜》(Black Mirror)着力审视新科技时代的西方社会,聚焦新科技对人们生活方方面面的影响。与传统电视连续剧不同的是,《黑镜》系列的每一集都是相对独立的一个小故事,时间背景设定在不久的将来(the near future),其风格是嘲讽和黑色幽默(satire and dark humour),有的剧集则具有实验(experimental)和轻松的成分。
《黑镜》实际上是受到美国电视剧《迷离时空》(The Twilight Zone, 1959—1964)的启发,旨在探讨一些颇具争议的当代话题(controversial contemporary topics)而又避免受到媒体审查(censorship),尤其是探讨人类越来越离不开科技的生活方式(the way we live now)。
《黑镜》系列第一季和第二季分别于2011年12月和2013年2月在英国电视第四频道(Channel 4)首播,引起了很大反响。2015年9月,美国的奈飞公司(Netflix)购买了这两季,并且投资拍摄了第三季和第四季,分别于2016年10月和2017年12月播出。《黑镜》系列自播出以来得到了很多业界的正面评价(positive reception),收获了许多奖项和奖项提名(awards and nominations),在国际上也赢得了越来越多的观众(尤其是在奈飞公司收购并投资该剧之后)。其中第三季的《圣朱尼佩洛》(San Junipero)和第四季的《卡利斯特号星舰》(USS Callister)斩获多项艾美奖(Emmy Awards)。
《黑镜》的主题思想是新科技如何毁掉你的生活。如前所述,创作该剧时,布鲁克受到了罗德·塞林(Rod Serling)主创的美国科幻/超现实电视剧《迷离时空》的启发。塞林在剧中对当代一些颇具争议的社会问题进行探讨,却将时间设定在将来,以避免受到审查而禁映(美国到1968年才以分级制替代了电影审查制度)。布鲁克意识到,他也可以用类似的方式对当代问题进行评论,尤其是人类对科技的依赖(mankinds dependency on technology),这是他在制作另一部电视剧《看电视毁人生》(How TV Ruined Your Life)时就感受到的。
至于“黑镜”的含义,则是指那些无处不在的黑科技产品(电视、电脑和手机)的黑色屏幕。布鲁克将它们比喻成毒品,使人上瘾,时刻也离不开:
“If technology is a drug(毒品)—and it does feel like a drug—then what, precisely, are the side effects? This area—between delight and discomfort—is where Black Mirror, my new drama series, is set. The ‘black mirror of the title is the one youll find on every wall, on every desk, in the palm of every hand: the cold, shiny screen of a TV, a monitor, a smartphone.”
二、《全民大合唱》(The National Anthem,《黑鏡》第一季第一集)——推特时代的寓言
1. Story Synopsis(故事情节)
Princess Susannah, a member of the British royal family, has been kidnapped(绑架). To return the Princess, the kidnapper demands that the countrys Prime Minister, Michael Callow, does some disgraceful things on live television(电视直播), otherwise he will kill her. Callow refuses to be blackmailed(敲诈), but public opinion is gradually turning against him. Security forces are trying to locate the kidnapper, but every effort fails. Under pressure, Callow finally agrees to fulfill the demand. The British people gather in public places and watch the shocking broadcast, with no one realising that the kidnapper has already released the Princess thirty minutes ago. The kidnapper commits suicide by hanging and he is later revealed(披露)to be an artist, who planned the debacle(大灾难)in order to make a statement on peoples obsession(着迷)with the media. One year later, Callows approval ratings(支持率)have fully recovered, but his relationship with his wife has suffered a heavy blow.
2. 剧情分析
第四频道将“全民大合唱”(原意为“国歌”,颇具讽刺意味)描述为“推特时代一个扭曲的寓言”(a twisted parable for the Twitter age)。《每日邮报》(The Daily Telegraph)影评人迈克尔·霍根(Michael Hogan)高度赞扬“全民大合唱”对当代媒体特性令人震撼的、大胆并具有黑色喜剧性的揭示[“a shocking but ballsy(大胆的), blackly comic study of the modern media”]。
一天晚上,英国首相在睡梦中被电话铃声吵醒。下楼后他与政府要员们一起观看了绑匪拍摄的绑架英国公主的网络视频。绑匪要求首相在次日下午四点时,在电视上直播做不雅的事,这样才能把公主放了,否则就撕票。首相要求政府立即封锁消息并禁止该视频流出。然而,绑匪的视频是在YouTube上发布的,其传播速度比病毒还快,根本封不住:
Prime Minister (PM): This only exists in this room! Assistant: Its already outside it.
PM: If therere hacks(唯命是从的工作人员)sniffing around(好奇或怀疑地看), shut them down.
Cabinet Secretary (CS): This video came from YouTube.
PM: What! Well, get it off(下架,删除)there!
CS: We did after nine minutes, long enough for it to be duplicated(复制)and spread.
PM: Spread? How many people have seen this?
CS: We take down one, six clones immediately pop up(冒出来)elsewhere.
PM: How many?
Assistant: 50,000. Thats our current estimate. The newsroom(电视台、电台等的新闻编辑室)has got it.
PM: They are running it on air(播出)?
Assistant: No. We put a type five D notice[指国防部(Defense Office)以国家安全为理由禁止媒体报道发布某类信息的通知,分为五类,第五类是关于政府要职人员及其家人的信息]out and they are complying(遵从), for now. Its trending(延伸,蔓延)on Twitter.
PM: Oh. So whats now? Whats the play book(计划)?
CS: This is virgin territory(第一次经历的事情), Prime Minister. Theres no play book.
接下来,公主被绑票和首相被要挟的事件在媒体与受众间逐渐发酵。英国的每个人都在关注和议论此事,但由于政府的禁令,英国新闻电视台(UKN)没有进行采访和报道。然而,电视台内部却发生了激烈的争论——台长主张遵守政府的法规不予报道,而另一派则认为这样的突发新闻千载难逢,不利用它来占领媒体高地就可惜了。但当得知其他国家的电视台都进行了报道之后,英国新闻电视台也守不住底线开始报道,并引起了英国全民的关注。民调显示,虽然人们对公主充满了同情和爱怜,但只有28%的人希望首相满足绑匪的要求,而72%的受访者不愿见到首相受辱。
但事件后来的发展却急转直下。首先,女王给首相打电话,要求政府不惜任何代价营救公主,首相压力倍增。首相的手下私自计划找替身(替代首相)来满足绑匪的要求,但被路人拍到。电视台的女记者则通过出卖色相来换取首相助手的内部信息。与此同时,特警部门也找到了绑匪的“所在”,准备突袭营救。不幸的是,绑匪从网上得知了替身计划,随后电视台收到了公主的断指(severed finger)和她痛苦求救的U盘视频。电视台播出该视频后,英国公众对首相的同情转变为批评和愤怒,民调的比例出现了逆转:
UKN reporter: A few hours ago, public opinion was behind(支持)Prime Minister Callow, with only 28% of the public believing he should fulfill the bizarre(怪誕的)and illegal request. But in the wake of these images and the delivery of the princesss severed finger, the mood is shifting.
Interviewee 1: Itll be humiliating, but nothing compared to her suffering(与公主的痛苦相比这算不了什么).
Interviewee 2: Hes got to do it. Whats the alternative?
Interviewee 3: You can easily get a Prime Minister, but we cant live without a princess. Of course he should do it.
Interviewee 4: If he doesnt get her released, hes finished(完蛋), isnt he?
Reporter: Online polls suggest that 86% of voters now believe that the demand should be met.
由于特警抓捕绑匪和营救公主的行动失败(中了绑匪的圈套),首相受到了公众舆论、王室和执政党的多重压力,看来真的是走投无路,别无选择了。同时,首相夫妇之间也发生了激烈的争吵,妻子极力劝阻,而丈夫却有苦难言。首相的高级顾问劝告首相满足绑匪的要求——“不救公主的话你绝对完蛋,救的话你会获得民心”:
PM: Its not going to happen.
Advisor: To the public, it would be one man of questionable popularity putting personal embarrassment over the life of a girl.
PM: He wont release her, and shes probably already dead.
Advisor: And if she isnt, hell kill her and upload the video. Everyone will see it and the world will see it. The mood will border on insurrection(暴动)and youll be destroyed, I guarantee you, utterly destroyed. You wont just be a disgraced politician. Youll be a despised individual. The public, the Palace(白金汉宫,指王室), the party insist on compliance(服从).
...
Advisor: Refuse, Ive been advised that we cannot guarantee your physical safety(人身安全), or that of your family. Ive made arrangement with the broadcast.
PM: But I cant...
Advisor: Im sorry, Michael. Its out of your hands(你说了不算).
载着首相的专车出发去直播间了。伦敦城万人空巷,人们聚集在电视屏幕前看首相的笑话,首相夫人则焦虑地躲在自己房间里,黯然神伤。首相不知情的是,在直播前半个小时绑匪就释放了公主,然后自己懸梁自尽了。
一年后首相夫妇露面,媒体称其“显然已经摆脱了困扰”,公主也在怀孕后第一次露面。首相支持率比去年同期上升了三个百分点。最后一个镜头:首相夫妇进了家门,夫人不搭理他独自上楼,回了一个冷漠的眼神,首相无奈地沉默。
绑匪被证实是位曾获得过特纳奖(Turner Award)的艺术家。据推测,他是想通过自己的“行为艺术”批判人们对于媒体的沉溺和自我的迷失。的确,通过因特网和现代社交媒体,英国全民都参与了公主绑架事件的进程,最终掀起了一场暴露人性丑恶的大合唱。