鱼嘴形切口在色素痣分次手术切除中的临床应用
2019-04-15王振宇逯艳余睿芳钱会利张宝林
王振宇 逯艳 余睿芳 钱会利 张宝林
[摘要]目的:探讨鱼嘴形切口在色素痣分次手术切除中的临床应用效果。方法:对30例中小面积色素痣患者采用鱼嘴形切口进行分次切除治疗,每次间隔3~6个月,切除至皮损缩小到能够直接切除缝合。结果:本组30例色素痣患者采用鱼嘴形切口分次切除治疗后,术区切口均一期愈合,无并发症发生,随访6~18个月,无复发,皮损周围组织无明显牵拉变形现象,最终术区瘢痕不明显,视觉效果良好,医师与患者均对治疗后效果满意。结论:鱼嘴形切口在色素痣的分次切除中克服了传统梭形切口长宽比较大的缺陷,增加了皮损单次切除面积,减少了手术总治疗次数,操作方法相对简单,值得临床推广应用。
[关键词]色素痣;分次切除;鱼嘴形切口;皮肤病损;临床应用
[中图分类号]R622 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2019)04-0125-03
Abstract: Objective To explore the significance of the clinical application of fish-mouth shaped incision used in fractional surgical resection of pigmented nevus. Methods Thirty patients with small and medium-sized pigmented nevus were treated with fish-mouth shaped incision. The interval of surgical treatment was 3 to 6 months. We keep using this operation till the lesion was small enough to take a direct resection. Results In this group, 30 patients with pigmented nevus were treated with fish-mouth shaped incision, all the incisions were healed in one stage without complications. After 6 to 18 months of follow-up, There was no recurrence or obvious deformation. The final scar in the operation area are not obvious, and the visual effect are great. Both the physician and the patient are satisfied with the treatment. Conclusion Fish-mouth shaped incision overcomes the shortcomings of traditional fusiformis incision, increases the single excision area of skin lesions, reduces the total number of operations, and it is relatively simple to operate. It is deserves to be promoted.
Key words: pigmented nevus; fractional resection; fish-mouth shaped incision; skin lesion; clinical application
色素痣是臨床常见的一种皮肤病损,分布于面部或其他暴露部位时有碍美观,尤其是先天性色素痣会随着时间增长呈进行性扩大,不但有损患者容貌和生活质量,而且摩擦部位有恶变倾向[1-2],因此,越来越多的患者要求进行手术治疗。在色素痣的众多手术治疗方法中,分次切除法因其手术方法简单易行,不会增加附加切口,对患者的生活和工作影响较小,因而在中小面积色素痣的临床治疗中应用广泛[3]。但是,色素痣的分次切除中采用的传统梭形切口,为了将切口线局限在皮损内的同时避免术后“猫耳”畸形,通常达不到分次切除时的最大切除量,进而增加了手术次数[4]。为了减少分次切除的手术次数、缩短手术治疗周期,对分次切除中的梭形切口进行了改进,采用近似梭形的鱼嘴形切口对中小面积色素痣进行分次切除治疗。临床应用发现,色素痣的分次切除中采用鱼嘴形切口后可使皮损的单次切除量达到最大化,能够明显减少手术切除次数,临床疗效良好。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料:2016年1月-2018年7月对就诊于笔者科室的30例中小面积色素痣患者采用鱼嘴形切口进行分次手术切除治疗,其中色素痣形状主要以类圆形及椭圆形为主,患者年龄7~34岁,男18例,女12例,皮损位于面部者25例,四肢者5例。治疗前色素痣大小为1.5cm×3.0cm~4.0cm×7.0cm,分2~3次完全切除。
1.2 术前准备及设计:术前行常规化验检查,术区备皮,测量色素痣的大小;常规消毒、铺巾,观察皮损区皮纹及解剖分区的方向,通过挤捏、夹持判断皮损周围皮肤弹性及松弛程度,确定首次切除的范围,在保证达到最大切除量的同时尽可能避免切除后造成邻近组织出现明显变形移位现象。
美蓝笔标记色素痣的长轴和短轴,根据预测量的切除范围沿色素痣长轴在痣中央区设计近似梭形的双鱼嘴形切口线,切口线设计时尽可能沿皮纹或解剖分区方向[5-6],不要超出痣边缘。其中鱼嘴形切口的角度为45°~60°,两侧切口线对应等长,切除区域的长宽比为1:1.5~1:2.5,最大切除宽度为1.0~2.0cm,调整鱼嘴形切口的大小及角度,尽量使剩余色素痣的形状趋于梭形;如需二次切除,继续按上述方法设计鱼嘴形切除区域,注意除最后一次切除外,其余分次切除区域需局限于痣内。