阋读七选五的解题步骤和技巧

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专题策划：做阅读七选五，有章可循

编者按：很多同学可能在做阅读七选五时，觉得无从下手，似乎好几个选项都能代入空格。其实，做阅读七选五时，对解题的章法心里有数了，问题就能迎刃而解了。本期从该题型的解题步骤、解题技巧及设题类型等方面解读，让你做题时有章可循。

一、解题步骤

Step 1：诊断选项。读七个选项，并简要翻译，同时圈出每个选项的关键词，尤其是名词和代词：也可以分析选项的句式特点，看是否有标题句，是否有半句话，是否有从句等。

（2018年高考全国卷二）If you are already mak-ing the time to exercise，it is good indeed！ With suchbusy lives，it can be hard to try and find the time to workout.36 Working out in the moming provides addi-tional benefits beyond being physically fit.

●Your productivity is improved. Exercising makesyou more awake ancl ready to handle whateveris ahead ofyoufortheday.__37

●Your metabolism（新陈代谢）getsa head start.38If you work out in the momings，then you will begetting thecalorie（卡路里）burningbenefits forthe whole day，notin yoursleep.

●39Studies found that people who woke up ear-ly for exercise slept better than those who exercised inthe evening. Exercise energizes you，so it is more diffi-cult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are veryexcited.

●40If you work out bright and early in themoming，you will be more likely tostick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin theirgood workout by eating junk food？ You will want to con-tinue tofocus on positive choices.

A.You will stick to your diet.

B.Your quality of sleep improves.

C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.

D.There is no reason you should exercise in themoming。

E.You cankeep your head clearfor 4-10 hours af-ter exercise.

F. After you exerclse ，you continue to burncalories throughout the day.

G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly，oryou' re doing it now ，then listen up！

看選项，A和B与文中的段落首句句式相似，推断应填在段落首句的空格。A和C都提到了饮食，所以其中必有一个是干扰选项。这些选项要么提到晨练的好处，要么讲要晨练，只有D说不要晨练，所以很可能D也是干扰选项。所有选项中的名词和动词都是辨识度很强的词，应勾画出并译成中文。

Step2：观察“地势”。“地势”就是空格位置。一般情况下，段落首句和小标题处设空，考查主旨，段落结尾处设空很有可能考查总结性主旨，段落中间设空则考查过渡句。这样可以大致确定每道题的难易程度，通常，段首和标题处是比较容易的，可以先做。2018年高考全国卷二中，39题和40题在段首设空，考查主旨把握能力。37题在段末，很有可能是主旨句或者主旨的注释性句子。36题和38题在段中，耗费的时间和精力可能更多，可以留在后面做。

Step3：通读全文，理出文章中心和段落主题句。标题或首句是文章的眼睛，通过理解它们可以了解文体并推测文章主旨，所选选项要和原文主旨一致。

Step 4：锁定选项，挖出代词的指代真身。无论是空格后的代词，还是选项里的代词，找到代词所指代的具体事物是快速找到答案的关键。若空格后出现代词，可根据代词的单复数去找选项里的单复数名词;若选项里出现代词，同理，空格前必然要有相应的单复数名词。

二、解题技巧

1.词义复现。空格前后的关键词或者其近义词、反义词若在选项中重复出现，便可大致锁定答案。2018年高考全国卷二第40题后面的stick to和focus on是同义词，宾语healthy food，junk food，posi-tive choices为同义词或反义词，选项A中的stick toyour diet是上述词的复现，A项符合本段主旨。第38题后出现了calorie burning和the whole day，在选项F中有同义词。

2.把握主旨及段际逻辑关系。整体驾驭语篇的能力主要体现在对主旨和文章结构的把握能力上。清楚文章主旨的同时，也要清楚段落的主旨。

（2018年高考全国卷一）Overthe years，there have been a numberof different techniques to help design-ers approach this important point.37，they can get alittlecomplex. Butgood news is thatthere're really only three kinds of decisionsyou need tomake about colorin your home：the small ones ，the medi-um ones ，and the large ones.

38 . They're thelittle spotsof color like throwpillows ，mirrors and haskets that most of us use to add vi-sual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting yourwalls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa，small color choices bring with them the significant bene-fit ofbeing easily changeable.

Medium color choicesare generally furniturepieces such as sofas，dinner tables or bookshelves.39They require abigger commitment than smaller ones，andthey have a more powerful effect on the feeling of aspace.

the large color decisions in your rooms concem thewalls，ceilings，and floors. Whether you're looking atwallpaper or paint，the time，effort and relative expenseput into it are significant.40.

A.While allofthemare useful

D.Small color choicesare theones we 're most fa-miliar with

E. It's not really a good idea to use too manysmall color pieces

G. Color choices in this range are a step up from thesmall onesin twomajorways

四个段落的主旨及行文逻辑很清晰，第一段总说共有三种选择，接下来的每一段都有罗列，第二段在段首设空，为主旨题。第三段和第四段分别介绍了Medium color choices和The large color deci-sions，因此可以推出38题为“小的选择”。只有D、E、G中出现了small color choices.同時根据下文段落首句的句式特点可知，38题选D。

3.重视语篇标记语。语篇标记语包括表示逻辑关系的and，andthen，thus，thereforeso.while，however，but等：表示结构层次的firstly，secondly，thirdly等：表示时间关系的before. so far. meanwhile等：表示变化的比较级或者increase ，decrease， different from，a long way to等词。

2018年高考全国卷一选项A中的while表示“尽管”，暗示和下句之间是让步和转折的关系。37题所在段的主旨是介绍几种有效的方法。空格后有词“complex”，意为“复杂的”。这句话的意思是“尽管所有的都很有用，但是也有点复杂”。第39题后的句子中有比较级出现，比较对象为smallerones：连接词and表示并列的两个成分或方面，锁定答案G，意为“中等物件和小物件在两个主要方面有不同”，“two major ways”对应后文的逻辑词“and”。