❷用于现在完成时态的时间状语
2019-03-27安徽单桂才
安徽 单桂才
◎要点梳理
每种时态都有其相应的时间状语,现将常与现在完成时态连用的时间状语归纳如下:
一、表示不确定的过去的时间状语
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去的时间状语连用, 如 already、yet、just、before、recently、lately、so far等。 例如:
My younger brother has just told me the good news.我弟弟刚刚告诉了我这个好消息。
He has already come back.他已经回来了。
I haven't asked him yet.我还没有问他。
【注意】already意为“已经”,常用于肯定句中,放在助动词have/has之后;yet常用于否定句和疑问句,用于否定句时意为“还;尚”,用于疑问句时意为“已经”。
二、表示频度的时间状语
现在完成时常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如 ever、never、often、sometimes、twice等。例如:
Have you ever been to Japan?你曾经去过日本吗?
They have been to Shanghai twice.他们去过上海两次。
三、表示包括现在时间在内的时间状语
现在完成时可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now、up to these few days、this morning、today等。 例如:
What have you been up to these days?你最近在做些什么?
四、表示一段时间的时间状语
现在完成时可以与由for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示持续的动作或状态。表示持续性的动词有 wait、know、stay、live、teach、be、learn 等。
1.for+一段时间,强调行为延续了多久,不可接时间点。例如:
I have been in the army for more than three years.我在部队已经待了三年多了。
Mr.Smith has taught English in China for ten years.史密斯先生在中国已经教了十年的英语。
2.since意为“自……以来”,引导的时间状语表示某个时间段。since可用作介词,后接时间名词或短语;也可用作连词,后接时间状语从句。例如:
They have lived here since 2005.自2005年以来他们就住在这里。
He has worked in this hospital since five years ago.他在这家医院已经工作五年了。
She has done her homework since she came home.回到家后她就做了家庭作业。
【注意】在否定句中,短暂性动词的现在完成时态可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。例如:
I haven't heard from him since last year.自去年以来我就没有收到过他的来信。
◎真题链接
1.—Lucy,is your uncle a teacher?
—Yes,he is.He _________history for nearly 20 years.A.teaches B.has taught
【2018·北京中考题】
C.is teaching D.will teach
【答案与解析】B 根据时间状语for nearly 20 years可知,该句要用现在完成时。故选B项。
2.It is said that the number of forest parksinGuangdong _________tomore than1,000 so far.
【2018·广东中考题】
A.increase B.increased
C.has increased D.will increase
【答案与解析】C 根据so far可知,该句要用现在完成时。故选C项。
3.—Is this your camera?
—Yes,I _________it for two weeks.
【2018·北部湾中考题】
A.bought B.had
C.have had D.have bought
【答案与解析】C 根据for two weeks可知,此处应用现在完成时。buy为短暂性动词,要用表示状态的动词have替代。故选C项。
4.—Paris is a wonderful place.
—So it is.I_________there twice.
【2018·凉山中考题】
A.have been B.have gone
C.went D.will go
【答案与解析】A 根据twice可知该句应用现在完成时;表示去过,要用have/has been(to)。 故选 A 项。
◎自测验收
Ⅰ.根据汉语意思完成下列句子。每空一词。
1.我已经考虑这个问题很久了。
I___________________________about the problem for a long time.
2.大卫曾经是你们乐队的成员吗?____________David__________________a member of your band?
3.我们从来没有在学校附近的书店遇到过她。
We ___________________________her at the bookstores near our school.
4.李磊还没有完成他的家庭作业。
Li Lei __________________his homework _________.
5.迈克尔不在这里,他刚出去。
Michael isn't here.He____________
_________out.
Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子。每空一词。
1.Tom's father died five years ago.(改为同义句)Tom's father____________ _______________
_________ ____________five years.
2.Mike has already visited the Great Wall.(改为否定句)
Mike __________________the Great Wall_________.
3.She has lived in this town for more than two years.(改为同义句)___
______ _________morethantwo years _________she _________to the town.
4.Helen has already finished her homework.(改为一般疑问句)
_________Helen _________her homework _________?
5.Mr.Green has worked in Shanghai for a year.(改为同义句)
Mr.Green has worked in Shanghai_________ __________ __________.
(答案见第64页)