Practice of Poverty Alleviation in Ethnic Minority Areas and Its Enlightenment to Rural Revitalization Strategy: A Case Study of Qiandongnan Prefecture

Wen ZHOU1*, Dafeng PENG

1. College of Labor Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China; 2. Shibing Propaganda Department, Shibing 556200, China

Abstract The revitalization of ethnic minority areas is an important part of China’s implementation of rural revitalization strategy. According to the experience accumulated in the preliminary poverty alleviation work of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, this article summaries the main contents of Qiandongnan Prefecture’s poverty alleviation work from the aspects of key point (rural industries), assisting forces (ethnic culture and folklore industry) and important guarantee (human resources), and proposes that the rural revitalization strategy can be implemented in ethnic minority areas through consolidating the fundamental role of industrial revitalization in rural revitalization, promoting the prosperity of rural culture to realize simultaneous revitalization of rural industries and rural culture, promoting the revitalization of rural talents, and stimulating the vitality of rural areas.

Key words Rural revitalization, Ethnic minority area, Industry, Talent, Culture, Qiandongnan Prefecture

1 Introduction

Agricultural development is the foundation of sustainable socio-economic development. It is an inevitable requirement to fulfill the important request of President Xi Jinping’s "Chinese rice bowls must be firmly held in our own hands at all times". The rural revitalization strategy is an important strategic plan made by the Party Central Committee focusing on the "two centenary goals" and the shortcomings of agricultural and rural development, and is the key to solving the contradictions of imbalance and inadequacy facing China’s development. The rural revitalization in ethnic minority areas is an important content of China’s implementation of rural revitalization strategy, and is also an important part of the smooth realization of rural revitalization in China. China’s ethnic minorities are widely distributed geographically. Most of them have a long history and a strong culture. Due to various reasons such as history and reality, the economic development of ethnic areas in China generally lags behind the national average, which has also been the focus and difficulty of poverty alleviation. However, the ethnic minority areas have distinct characteristics in terms of nature and culture, and the advantages of economic development are also very obvious. Therefore, in the process of implementing the strategy of rural revitalization in ethnic minority areas, how ethnic minority areas can take advantage of them and complement the shortcomings of development will be the focus of future rural revitalization. After the rural revitalization strategy was put forward, the academic community has held extensive discussions. It is mainly reflected in the connotation, extension and path selection of rural revitalization strategy. Huang Zuhui[1]believes that the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy should accurately grasp the spirit of the 19th national Congress of the Communist Party of China, and based on this, the connotation and extension of the rural revitalization strategy are fully understood. Zhang Jun[2]believes that the rural revitalization strategy is the main starting point of resolving the contradiction between the people’s growing needs for a better life and imbalanced and inadequate development, including the comprehensive development of rural society, economy, ecology, culture and other aspects. Jiang Changyun[3]considers that the rural revitalization strategy is a major strategic issue, so the top-level design needs to be strengthened, the tacticalization of strategic issues must be avoided, and the simplification and one-size-fits-all tendency must also be avoided in the long run. Guo Xiaomingetal.[4]believe that it should take the road of rural revitalization strategy in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, focusing on strengthening the collective economy. Tan Shizan[5]believes that rural revitalization breaks the distribution order in rural governance, and it needs to coordinate the "bottom-top" and "top-down" paths to create the political and social ecology needed for rural revitalization. Liu Heguang[6]analyzed the four key points, four major paths, and four types of misunderstandings faced by the rural revitalization strategy, and proposed to grasp the key, find the path and avoid misunderstanding to promote high-quality rural revitalization. There are also scholars who started with an in-depth analysis of the key points and difficulties of rural revitalization strategy. For example, some of them emphasized the importance of the economy, culture, and the enthusiasm of the participating actors to the rural revitalization strategy[7-8]; some emphasized that the strategy of rural revitalization should transform from the traditional rural small-scale farmer operation to large-scale operation[9-10]; and some explored the key points and difficulties in the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy from return of traditional villages[11], rural industrial revitalization[12-13], rural organization revitalization[14], talent revitalization[15]and other aspects. The current research has made useful explorations on various aspects of rural revitalization strategy at the national level to provide a lot of theoretical basis and useful thinking for further exploration of rural revitalization in the new period. However, little research has been devoted to rural revitalization strategy in ethnic minority areas, of which the depth still needs to be further deepened.

Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture (hereinafter referred to as Qiandongnan Prefecture) is located in the southeast of Guizhou Province. It belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone and is dominated by mountainous terrain. At the end of 2017, Qiandongnan Prefecture had a resident population of 3.523 7 million, among which the resident minority population accounted for 80.3% of the total registered population, so Qiandongnan Prefecture is a typical minority area. At the same time, it also belongs to a concentrated contiguous extremely poor area at the national level, and its economic and social development has been lagging for a long time. Labor export is the main way to get income in the rural areas of Qiandongnan Prefecture. However, with the deepening of poverty alleviation work in recent years, the social and economic outlook of rural areas in Qiandongnan Prefecture has improved significantly, and the production and living have also been improved significantly. The poverty-stricken population in Qiandongnan Prefecture decreased from 1.477 4 million in early 2013 to 0.556 million in 2018, and the incidence of poverty dropped from 37.83% to 13.6%[16]. The rapid economic and social development and the smooth progress of poverty alleviation have laid a good foundation for the further development of the rural areas in Qiandongnan Prefecture, and laid an important material foundation and provided rich practical experience for the next smooth implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the realization of agricultural and rural modernization. In view of this, according to the experience accumulated in the preliminary poverty alleviation work in Qiandongnan Prefecture, after summing up and condensing, the main content of poverty alleviation work in Qiandongnan Prefecture and its enlightenment to the implementation path of rural revitalization strategy in ethnic minority areas are analyzed in this paper, so as to provide decision-making reference for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in ethnic minority areas and the realization of rapid socio-economic development.

2 Main contents of poverty alleviation work in Qiandongnan Prefecture

2.1 Rural industries are the key to poverty alleviation in Qiandongnan PrefectureThe development of rural industries based on the "three rural issues" is an important part of Qiandongnan Prefecture’s efforts to overcome poverty, and it is also the key to poverty reduction in Qiandongnan Prefecture. The development of rural industries in Qiandongnan Prefecture includes the production, deep processing and sales of products of agriculture and other industries. In recent years, Qiandongnan Prefecture has insisted on the principle of "developing agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry according to local conditions", given full play to regional advantages, and encouraged localities to introduce and promote a number of high-value-added economic corps according to geographical and climatic conditions. For example, Qiandongnan Prefecture has been promoting the cultivation of hybrid rice in the region. After years of promotion, 12 of the 16 counties in the region have formed a scale. Among them, Cengong County, a national-level deeply impoverished county, has developed into a national-level hybrid rice seed production base, in which the hybrid rice has developed from the initial cultivation to the industrialization direction of selection and breeding. The promotion of hybrid rice has not only greatly increased farmers’ income but also promoted the transformation and upgrading of traditional agricultural production. In terms of agricultural industrialization, Qiandongnan Prefecture has raised funds in various ways, established modern agricultural parks, supported the development of leading enterprises, and conducted deep processing for agricultural products with a certain scale and large market potential to extend the industrial chain and improve the added value and market competitiveness of agriculture. By the end of 2016, 56 agricultural parks had been established in Qiandongnan Prefecture, and nearly 500 enterprises have settled in them, including 395 prefecture-level leading enterprises and 73 provincial-level leading enterprises, and agricultural industrialization has developed rapidly[17]. From the perspective of agricultural marketization, organs at all levels coordinate existing resources of various departments to promote related products and increase their popularity, and set up temporary specialized departments to offer advises on the marketing of agricultural products. During this process, a long-term mechanism for agricultural marketization has been gradually established. Party and government agencies at the county and township levels organize regular or irregular training in rural e-commerce and other professional knowledge to improve farmers’ sales knowledge and service awareness and encourage advantageous enterprises to establish brands, make efforts to improve product quality, enhance product brand value and enhance product competitiveness. At present, Qiandongnan Prefecture’s agricultural industrialization is developing, and product sales are still a short board that needs to be completed. On the one hand, the sales channels of farmers are scarce, the market concept is weak, and the idea of "emphasizing production but ignoring sales" is serious. On the other hand, rural sales personnel are lacking, and there are not many farmers who know how to sell on the Internet e-commerce, and their sales service awareness is weak.

It should actively promote industrialization construction, absorb surplus labor on the spot, promote the development and growth of rural industries, promote the development of agriculture with industry, and promote the integration of urban and rural areas. With the in-depth implementation of the strategy of strengthening Guizhou Province with industries, Qiandongnan Prefecture has also been striving to make up for the shortcomings, developing the economy, carrying out vigorously infrastructure construction and county-level industrial park construction, adhering to the development concept of ecological priority, and developed a number of secondary industries dominated by processing and manufacturing industries combining the comparative advantage of sufficient labor force in the region. In 2012, Qiandongnan Prefecture had formed a development pattern of at least one industrial park in each county. In 2015, expressway had been constructed in every county. The basic capabilities for the revitalization of rural industries have been continuously enhanced, and the development of rural industries has continued to grow. The GDP of the secondary industry in Qiandongnan Prefecture increased from 7.67 billion yuan in 2010 to 22.4 billion yuan in 2018, and increase of nearly three times, and rural industries have developed rapidly.

At the same time, the tourism industry is a key industry in Qiandongnan Prefecture in recent years. Qiandongnan Prefecture is an ethnic minority area dominated by Miao and Dong culture, and it ethnic tourism has distinct advantages and regional characteristics, and the development prospect of the cultural tourism industry is very broad. In recent years, the governments of Qiandongnan Prefecture have attached great importance to the protection and development of tourism resources, and they have continuously improved tourism service capabilities. From 2013 to 2016, the number of tourists and tourism income across the prefecture increased by more than two times. The rapid development of the tourism industry has brought very good socio-economic benefits to Qiandongnan Prefecture. From 2010 to 2017, the tertiary industry in Qiandongnan Prefecture increased from 14.1 billion yuan to 55.3 billion yuan, and increase of nearly four times, and the proportion of the tertiary industry in national income increased from 45% to 56%. The road of green development with tourism as its main content has taken shape[17-18].

2.2 Ethnic culture and folklore industry are the assisting forces for poverty alleviation in Qiandongnan Prefecture

Qiandongnan Prefecture is an ethnic minority region with a strong folk culture and rich human resources. However, in recent years, factors such as the outflow of rural population and the slow development of rural industries pose a greater threat to the inheritance and protection of the folk culture, extremely not conducive to developing cultural industry and promoting rural cultural tourism. In recent years, one the one hand, Qiandongnan Prefecture has strengthened the construction of the ethnic cultural industry base, and at the same time, the protection and development of ethnic cultural heritage and natural cultural heritage has also been strengthened. On the other hand, the promotion of folk cultural products and tourism products has been strengthened. Through the development of folk culture, the rapid development of rural tourism industry has been promoted. By the end of 2016, Qiandongnan Prefecture had built a total of 16 cultural industry bases and one national cultural industry demonstration base. The traditional folk culture has been well protected. In 2016, Qiandongnan Prefecture organized a number of ethnic cultural tourism promotion activities with the goal of "building a well-known ethnic cultural tourism destination at home and abroad". The popularity of Qiandongnan Prefecture has been significantly improved, and tourism has also achieved blowout development. The number of inbound tourists reached 312 400, accounting for one-third of the province’s inbound tourists[17]. The rapid development of tourism and cultural undertakings has significantly promoted the rapid development of the regional economy. On the other hand, it has also directly increased the income of the people. The development of rural culture is spreading the Party’s thoughts and advanced ideas, and it plays a very important role in innovating rural governance, promoting the transformation of outmoded habit and custom, spreading advanced production technologies, promoting the excellent culture of the Chinese nation, and improving regional influence and soft power.

2.3 Human resources are an important guarantee for poverty alleviation in Qiandongnan PrefectureIndustrial development must be supported by human resources. Currently, the outflow of a large number of young and middle-aged adults, and the inability to retain highly educated, technical and Internet-savvy talents are one of the important difficulties faced by Qiandongnan Prefecture in implementing the rural revitalization strategy. In terms of talent structure, according to the characteristics of the industrial structure, Qiandongnan Prefecture is very short of agricultural production talents, industrialization talents and product sales talents, and the talent structure is far from being formed. From the perspective of agricultural production talents, Qiandongnan Prefecture also lacks talents who are proficient in using modern machinery and technology. Agricultural production and management talents and service talents are very different in quality. At the same time, it is difficult for agriculture and rural areas to retain knowledgeable and educated young talents, and the breakdown of the age structure of talents is also more serious. From the perspective of industrial development talents, there is a shortage of enterprise management talents, technical talents, product R&D talents, as well as e-commerce talents and logistics talents in the sales link.

The key to rural revitalization is to promote the rational flow of various social and economic factors between urban and rural areas[12]. To solve the above issues, Qiandongnan Prefecture has adopted two-way measures to promote the orderly transfer of rural surplus labor and encourage outstanding talents to go to the countryside for services. On the one hand, Qiandongnan Prefecture has vigorously promoted the simultaneous development of urbanization and industrialization, encouraged peasant households to relocate, promoted the transformation of farmers to industrial workers, and promoted the development of rural industries. On the other hand, cooperatives have been established extensively in rural areas. Rural land resources have been concentrated in the form of farmers’ sharing with land, facilitating the large-scale management of land and the talents’ going to the countryside. At the same time, excellent young talents are selected from the government agencies to the rural areas to assist grassroots organizations in rural governance. University graduates are encouraged to serve in the countryside. Local college students are supported to return home for employment and entrepreneurship, and corresponding policy preferences are provided. In 2016, more than 2 500 farmer cooperatives were established across the prefecture, with a total of 4 920, providing a broader field for young talents to develop in rural areas, attracting a large number of young talents and university graduates to enter the countryside for agricultural support activities and entrepreneurial activities, and gradually increasing the vitality of rural population. After the early accumulation of poverty alleviation work, Qiandongnan Prefecture has made a lot of useful explorations in the revitalization of rural talents.

3 Enlightenment from the practice of poverty alleviation in Qiandongnan Prefecture to the implementation of rural revitalization strategy in ethnic minority areas

Qiandongnan Prefecture, as a typical ethnic minority area, has distinctive ethnic local characteristics. Combined with the local situation, a path of development that is in line with local conditions has been followed. The rural revitalization strategy is a comprehensive strategy, involving all aspects of agricultural, rural and peasant development. According to the rich experience and development practice of Qiandongnan Prefecture in the work of fighting poverty, the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in the ethnic minority areas includes the revitalization of rural industries, the revitalization of rural culture and the revitalization of rural talents. Rural industrial revitalization and rural cultural revitalization are the wings of the rural revitalization strategy, and are an important guarantee for achieving both material civilization and spiritual civilization in the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. The revitalization of rural talents is an important guarantee for the rural revitalization strategy. The three support each other and promote each other (Fig.1). In the early stage of economic and social development in Qiandongnan Prefecture, the three together promoted the development of poverty alleviation work in Qiandongnan Prefecture. For a long time to come, the three together promote the realization of rural revitalization.

Fig.1 Main contents and relations of rural revitalization strategy in ethnic minority areas

3.1 Consolidating the fundamental role of industrial revitalization in rural revitalization

3.1.1Promoting the revitalization of a number of villages with the revitalization of agricultural production. The revitalization of rural industries is based on the revitalization of agricultural production (Fig.2). The revitalization of agricultural production in Qiandongnan Prefecture mainly includes the following aspects. (i) Developing agricultural production according to local conditions. Qiandongnan Prefecture is a typical mountainous region, and the humid climate and pleasant environment are suitable for the development of mountain agriculture. The relatively flat basins and valleys are rich in water resources and are suitable for the development of modern agriculture. At present, in accordance with the socio-economic and natural conditions such as transportation, soil, and climate, all parts of Qiandongnan Prefecture make reasonable use of land resources and carry out agricultural production, and hybrid rice, rice (lotus)-fish ecological breeding system, terrace production technology system and ecological protection system,Camelliaoleiferacultivation and under-forest three-dimensional ecological agriculture, high-quality fruits, commercial vegetables, Chinese herbs, Xiang pig and shelduck have been formed, with better development prospects. (ii) Promoting the transformation of agricultural production towards large-scale operation. Compared with traditional decentralized management, the biggest feature of modern agriculture is moderate scale operation. On the basis of land transfer, land is collected to develop agricultural production by means of family farm or professional production cooperative + farmers’ sharing with land, realizing large-scale management of land factor. Based on this, the mechanization and information management of agricultural production have been gradually realized, promoting high-quality development of agriculture. In 2016, the total number of rural professional production cooperatives in Qiandongnan Prefecture was close to 5 000, the total number of family farms and large professional households exceeded 2 600, and the level of agricultural mechanization has also been steadily improved[17]. (iii) Realizing the agricultural production and operation mechanism in which the market plays a fundamental and decisive role and the government conducts macro-regulation. The development of agricultural production must give full play to the basic regulatory mechanism of the market economy. However, agricultural production is greatly affected by market fluctuations and natural disasters, and farmers’ risk tolerance is relatively low, so, it also needs the government to give full play to its role in macro-control. Simultaneously, as Qiandongnan Prefecture belongs to the western mountainous region, far away from big cities, eastern developed markets and even overseas markets, governments at all levels should vigorously carry out infrastructure construction such as transportation and unblock logistics channels. In addition, the governments should establish market access systems for agricultural production and development, establish the development concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are equal to invaluable assets", give full play to the regional characteristics of "green, organic and environmentally friendly", extend the industrial chain of agricultural products, and increase the brand value of agricultural products.

Fig.2 Main contents of rural revitalization strategy in ethnic minority areas

3.1.2Promoting the revitalization of a number of villages with the revitalization of rural industries. The deep processing of agricultural products is an important part of the development of rural industries in Qiandongnan Prefecture. In 2016, there were 144 agricultural product processing enterprises above the designated size in Qiandongnan Prefecture, and have begun to take shape, laying a solid foundation for the scalization and industrialization of agricultural production. However, Qiandongnan Prefecture currently still has the problem of inadequate connection between agricultural production and agricultural industrialization in the development of agricultural industrialization. The main manifestation is that although some agricultural products have begun to take shape, due to the relatively lagging industrialization development and narrow market channels, the market for them is very volatile, and so, in the future, we should accelerate the promotion of conditional cooperatives to establish deep processing enterprises, encourage private enterprises and private capital to enter the deep processing link of agricultural products, and extend the production chain of agriculture to increase the added value of agricultural products and reduce the impact of market fluctuations on agricultural production.

All the time, the development of rural industries in Qiandongnan Prefecture was dominated by state-owned and collective enterprises, of which the scale and amount accounted for more than 60% at one time[17]. The subject of the market was relatively single, and the development of rural industries was slow. But in recent years, with the increase of investment, this phenomenon is changing. Therefore, in the future, the revitalization of rural industries should further realize the common development of multiple ownerships, actively cultivate market players, and create conditions to promote different market entities to enter all aspects of rural industrial revitalization. In addition, is should promote rural talent innovation and encourage rural talents to start businesses. Currently, rural talents in Qiandongnan Prefecture are mainly concentrated in management and service positions, and the innovation and entrepreneurship vitality is insufficient. In the future development, it should further promote the entrepreneurship and innovation of rural talent, provide comprehensive policy support for able people to return to their hometown for innovation and entrepreneurship, enhance the vitality and competitiveness of rural industries, vigorously bring in business management talents and professional and technical talents needed for regional industrial revitalization, provide policy support and training services for migrant workers to return home for employment, and foster a group of stable rural industrial workers. In addition, the decisive role of the market and the guiding role of the government must be adhered to. On the one hand, the government needs to respect the laws of the market, give play to the role of the market in regulating the revitalization of rural industries, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises, farmers and industrial workers to promote the prosperity of rural enterprises and industrial revitalization. On the other hand, the government needs to innovate institutional mechanisms to property handle the relationship between the government, enterprises, farmers and industrial workers, thereby building a stable bridge between capital’s going to the countryside, enterprises’ operation and production and farmers’ production and employment, and promoting efficient use of rural resources. In addition, it should actively promote school-enterprise cooperation to promote the deep development of rural industries using the intellectual support of local colleges and universities, actively encourage enterprises to increase product research and development efforts, actively carry out brand building, build high-quality production, management and sales teams, actively open domestic and foreign markets and improve the quality of rural industrial revitalization.

3.1.3Promote the revitalization of a number of villages with the revitalization of rural tourism. In recent years, the tourism industry in Qiandongnan Prefecture has achieved blowout development. In 2016, Qiandongnan Prefecture received a total of 67.041 million tourists, an increase of 37.7% over 2.15, and tourism revenue reached 55 billion yuan, and increase of 43% over 2015. These achievements benefited from the early planning and layout of Qiandongnan Prefecture. First of all, the protection and development of cultural tourism landscapes are differentiated, step by step, and focused. Qiandongnan Prefecture has actively discovered, protected and excavated local humanistic and natural resources, and paid focus on the protection and development of areas with abundant natural resources and well-protected natural landscapes, as well as areas with traditional villages and folk culture with distinct local characteristics. In 2016, Qiandongnan Prefecture declared four national 4A-level scenic spots simultaneously, completed the creation of five national 3A-level scenic spots, and started the creation of nine national 3A-level scenic spots. Simultaneously, it has vigorously carried out the census of tourism resources. In the 16 counties (cities) across the prefecture, more than 16 000 tourism resource points of various types have been surveyed, among which, more than 11 500 tourism resource points were newly discovered in 2016, laying a foundation for the next step of the revitalization rural tourism[17]. Second, it has promoted the development of tourism mode from designated tourism to sightseeing tourism. Qiandongnan Prefecture is rich in tourism resources and has a good early tourism development with a rapid development momentum, and a few tourist attractions even have national influence, laying a solid foundation for the tourism revitalization of Qiandongnan Prefecture. However, rural tourism in Qiandongnan Prefecture has just begun, and it still needs the further guidance and promotion from policies. On the one hand, it should continue to improve the national competitiveness and influence of Qiandongnan Prefecture’s advantageous tourist attractions. On the other hand, the tourism model should be transformed from designated tourism to sightseeing tourism by optimizing tourist routes, driving small tourism with large tourism, and driving rural tourism with ethnic tourism.

3.2 Promoting the prosperity of rural culture and realizing the revitalization of rural industries and rural cultureRural cultural revitalization is also an important part of the rural revitalization strategy, and it is inseparable from the revitalization of rural industries and the revitalization of rural talents. As a typical ethnic minority region, Qiandongnan Prefecture has a strong ethnic culture. However, in recent years, as a large number of rural people moved to cities, the development of a large number of precious traditional cultures is facing a trend of no one succeeding. In addition, due to the impact of modern industry on traditional craftsmanship, the ancient traditional national crafts are also facing huge competitive pressure in the market completion. Therefore, the revitalization of rural culture not only needs to strengthen the inheritance and protection of regional ethnic culture but also needs to strengthen cultural innovation and promote the integration of traditional culture and the times and the fusion of traditional craftsmanship and modern elements, thus promoting the development of the national cultural industry with a traditional heavy culture. In recent years, with the rise of the tourism industry and social and economic development, the protection of Qiandongnan Prefecture’s ethnic culture has also received increasing attention. For example, many intangible cultural heritages, such as Dong songs, folk costume production technology, folk festivals and ethnic customs, have been well excavated and protected.

The revitalization of rural culture is an important way to highlight local characteristics and promote regional industrial development. Qiandongnan Prefecture is not only an ethnic minority region with a unique ethnic culture, but also a region with good environmental protection, rich natural resources and rich traditional tourism resources. In recent years, guided by advanced culture and development concepts, Qiandongnan Prefecture has been adhering to the development concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are equal to invaluable assets", making full use of the unique advantages of lucid waters and lush mountains, developing tourism sightseeing industry and green organic agriculture, promoting the transition from "lucid waters and lush mountains" to "invaluable assets", and highlighting the local characteristics of "green" + "folk custom". In the process of rural rejuvenation, the role of cultural development in promoting regional industrial development has become increasingly prominent.

3.3 Promoting the revitalization of rural talents, stimulating rural vitality, and realizing rural industrial and cultural revitalizationWhat kind of people can be considered as talents for rural revitalization? This is the first problem to be solved in order realize the revitalization of rural talents. From the current practice of rural development in Qiandongnan Prefecture, it could be concluded that as long as the talents are needed for the revitalization of rural industries and culture and are scarce human resources in the market, they can be regarded as talents for rural revitalization of ethnic minority areas. For example, most of the talents who inherit the folk culture and traditional crafts of Qiandongnan Prefecture are older, and their cultural level is not high, but they shoulder the mission of inheriting and developing ancient culture, and are obviously scarce and difficult to replace. Therefore, rural revitalization talents need to be graded with multiple standards, rather than with only educational level. A series of rural revitalization measures, such as agricultural production, deep processing of agricultural products, marketing of agricultural products, after-sales service, product R&D, rural tourism, folk culture, and inheritance of national craftsmanship all require human resources to support them. Having a certain qualification is not sufficient, and instead, related training is required at least. Therefore, judging from the current development of rural agriculture in Qiandongnan Prefecture, those who understand modern agricultural planning and breeding technology, agricultural product market, innovation and entrepreneurship in rural areas, business management, Internet e-commerce economy, inheritance and protection of folk culture and traditional crafts, rural tourism services and management and tourism market development and have a certain scarcity can be regarded as talents for rural revitalization.

Talent is the key to the strategy of rural revitalization in ethnic regions. With the massive outflow of population in recent years, a large number of knowledgeable and educated young people have left the countryside, causing a major blow to the accumulation of rural intellectual capital, making the rural revitalization strategy face a serious shortage of talents. The revitalization of rural industries requires talents, and the revitalization of rural culture also requires talents, so, the revitalization of rural talents is an important guarantee and an inevitable requirement for the strategy of rural revitalization. However, the revitalization of rural talents must be compatible with the revitalization of rural industries and the revitalization of rural culture, avoiding talking about talent in terms of talent. According to the actual needs of rural industrial revitalization and cultural revitalization in different regions, corresponding talents are introduced and trained. Qiandongnan Prefecture mainly manages and serves the rural development of the region through the introduction of professional and technical personnel, as well as the selection of young talents of institutions and college graduates to serve the countryside and assist rural governance, thus transfering talents to rural areas in two ways. There are also several following ways to achieve the revitalization of rural talents: training farmers to enable them to master modern production skills and production methods to realize the redevelopment of human resources of farmers; vigorously promoting capable people to return to their hometowns to start business and employment to promote the accumulation of local human capital; promoting the employment and entrepreneurship of college students and outstanding young people to promote the development of rural agricultural production and industrialization talents to younger; vigorously promoting in-depth cooperation between local universities, research institutes, and local governments, enterprises, and villager cooperatives to strengthen the intellectual support of local college and universities for regional industrial revitalization; and encouraging employees of enterprises and institutions to go into business to encourage them to serve the rural revitalization strategy with their skills and knowledge.

4 Conclusions

Implementing the strategy of rural revitalization is an important starting point for resolving social conflicts in ethnic minority areas of China in the new era, and it is also an inevitable choice for solving the "three rural issues" in ethnic minority areas of China in the new era. Due to historical, geographical and cultural reasons, the socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas is generally relatively lagging. In recent years, due to the migration of labor in ethnic regions to big cities and developed regions, rural development has stagnated, and rural hollowing has become a serious problem. The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy will play a fundamental role in changing the status quo. The two wings of the rural revitalization strategy in ethnic minority areas are the revitalization of rural industries and the revitalization of rural culture. The revitalization of rural industries in ethnic minority areas is a manifestation of the revitalization of rural material civilization. Only with the revitalization of rural industries can rural socio-economic development be sustainable. The revitalization of rural culture is the manifestation of the revitalization of rural spiritual civilization. The revitalization of rural culture is an inevitable requirement for the realization of rural revitalization. The revitalization of rural industries and the revitalization of rural culture lie in the revitalization of rural talents. Only a steady stream of modern talents has been imported into all aspects of the agricultural industry, such as agricultural planting, breeding, and development, R&D, deep processing and sales of agricultural products, the revitalization of rural industries in ethnic minority areas has a steady stream of motivation.

Ethnic minority areas have unique ethnic cultures, customs and landscapes. These are the unique advantages of ethnic minority areas in the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and these advantages can be transformed into high value-added industries such as folk tourism and cultural creativity to help rural industrial revitalization, and in turn, the development of tourism culture and other industries promotes the protection of traditional ethnic culture, thereby realizing the prosperity of rural culture itself. With the deepening of the rural revitalization strategy, the prosperity of rural culture, the accumulation of new ideas and new understandings, in turn, promote the realization of rural revitalization strategy in ethnic minority areas. In addition, advanced ideas, concepts, and production technologies will be brought into the countryside with the revitalization of rural culture and the revitalization of rural industries, promoting the innovation of rural ideas and concepts.