让戏曲行走在俄罗斯的广袤大地上——2018“今日中国”艺术周亮相俄罗斯

文本刊记者 邱振刚

“ 今日中国” 艺术周开幕式现场，中俄双方嘉宾共同种下友谊树Opening ceremony of the "China Today" Art Week, both sides of China and Russia jointly plant the tree of friendship.

10月之末，11月之初，俄罗斯的广袤大地上，已经浸透了浓浓的秋意。金黄的落叶，铺满了乡野的一处处角落，点缀着城市的一条条街巷。这一番美景，就像俄罗斯当代著名作家康·帕乌斯托夫斯基在散文集《金蔷薇》中所说，“萧萧的落叶将洒满落寞的水面，白桦林像是一群美丽的姑娘，披着绣有金黄叶子的围巾，亭亭玉立地伫立在那里”。就在这样一个美好的金秋时节，在2018年中俄地方合作交流年之际，应俄罗斯边疆区克拉斯诺达尔国立文化学院和莫斯科中国文化中心邀请，中国文联组派艺术团到俄罗斯举办2018“今日中国”艺术周。本次活动分别在克拉斯诺达尔和莫斯科举办，包括黄梅戏《天仙配》全剧演出、黄梅戏折子戏演出、“影像中国40年”摄影展览、“中国电影113年”图片展览等一系列内容。

这次艺术周的第一站，选择了俄罗斯南部重镇克拉斯诺达尔。这座安谧幽静的城市，在中国知名度并不高，她坐落在黑海之滨——库班河畔，是克拉斯诺达尔边疆区的首府。这座城市人口虽不足百万，各类剧场却超过40座，还有11家电影院，38家展览馆和博物馆，市民对艺术的热爱可见一斑。在贯穿全城的红色大街上，雕塑、喷泉、纪念碑彼此呼应，两侧的街道上更是遍布画廊、书店和各种艺术品商店，整条长街仿佛一首欢畅流动的乐曲，就连漫步于街头的行人，仿佛也变成了一个个灵动的音符。黄梅戏《天仙配》演出的音乐剧院，就坐落在这条全城最繁华的大街上。这座古朴典雅的建筑物正上方，印有中俄两国文字的中国黄梅戏经典剧目《天仙配》的大幅宣传海报，多日来一直吸引着路人流连的目光。演出票在开演前几天就销售一空。这里的人们，在一天天期待着中国艺术家们的到来。

《天仙配》正式上演的日子终于来到了。10月31日，傍晚时分的红色大街上，北风凛冽，寒意逼人，街灯的光线仿佛都被冻住了，无力穿透四处飞舞的落叶。但是，严寒阻挡不了热爱艺术的人们，上千名当地观众仍然在寒风中走进了有着85年历史的音乐剧院。

当晚，作为2018“今日中国”艺术周的重要环节，在中国家喻户晓的《天仙配》将由安徽黄梅戏剧院的演员第一次在克里斯诺达尔上演。2018“今日中国”艺术周在克拉斯诺达尔市的活动由中国文联、克拉斯诺达尔国立文化学院主办，中国摄协、中国电影博物馆、安徽省黄梅戏剧院、北京拉古尔斯影视文化传播有限公司，克拉斯诺达尔创作联合体——克拉斯诺达尔音乐剧院承办，这也是克拉斯诺达尔首次迎来如此大规模的中国艺术团。中国文联副主席、书记处书记李前光，中国摄协驻会副主席郑更生，中国文艺志愿者服务中心主任、中国文艺志愿者协会副主席兼秘书长廖恳，俄罗斯克拉斯诺达尔边疆区内政部部长莫斯卡列娃·贾丽娜，边疆区文化部副部长马克西姆·乌萨丘科，克拉斯诺达尔国立文化学院院长谢尔盖·谢苗诺维奇·津根等出席了当晚的开幕式。

李前光在致辞中表示，中国和俄罗斯是两个伟大的国家，我们不仅都拥有悠久的历史和伟大的文明，更是山水相连的好邻居，守望相助的好朋友，精诚合作的好伙伴。两国人民的亲近绝不只是因为地缘相邻，近年来，中俄地方合作蓬勃发展，而文学艺术更是沟通各国人民心灵和情感的重要纽带。他希望俄罗斯民众通过中国高水平艺术家带来的原汁原味的中国艺术进一步了解领略中国文化魅力，增进中俄人民之间的传统友谊。

为了让《天仙配》更适应俄罗斯观众的欣赏习惯，安徽省黄梅戏剧院提前一年就对这部戏进行了改编，不但精简了演出时间，多处台词、配乐也进行了精益求精的调整。演出开始前，尽管刚刚经过20多个小时、两次转机、总航程超过一万多公里的长途飞行，演员们一下飞机，就在第一时间精神抖擞地投入到演出前的准备中。艰辛的付出总会有丰厚的回报——在当晚的舞台上，演员们的唱腔婉转优美、表演丝丝入扣，加之精致典雅的服饰、舞姿，一千多名当地观众被中国传统艺术的魅力深深折服，不少观众为董永和七仙女命运多舛的爱情流下了热泪，演出大获成功。尽管演出已经结束，大批观众仍然围拢在剧院中久久不舍离去，一次次拉着尚未卸妆的演员合影，向演出主办方了解更多关于《天仙配》、关于中国戏曲的信息。一位名叫列吉娅的观众是供职于边疆区经济统计部的公职人员，她说，克拉斯诺达尔人民素来有热爱艺术的传统，自己平时也很喜欢观看戏剧，这次能在自己居住的城市里看到充满东方韵味的演出，这样的机会实在太难得了。看完当天的演出后，感觉中国的戏曲艺术和西方的戏剧相比，演员的表演更加自然，夸张的成分非常少。这部戏的剧情虽然来自于中国古老的民间传说，但在俄文字幕的帮助下，理解起来没有太大困难。记者了解到，为了满足更多没有机会亲临现场的俄罗斯观众的欣赏需求，演出结束后，克拉斯诺达尔的库班-24电视台还专门全剧播放了配有俄文字幕的黄梅戏电影《天仙配》。

当晚，就在《天仙配》在音乐剧院内上演时，由中国摄协承办的“影像中国40年”摄影展也在剧院的演出大厅外举行。本次展览共展出摄影作品80幅，采用一一对应的方式呈现，即外国摄影师拍摄的改革开放初期的中国影像与中国摄影师拍摄的当今中国影像并置，采用中外、新旧、观察视角、影像风格等多重对比手法，清晰体现了改革开放40年以来中国所发生的巨大变化。摄影展在克拉斯诺达尔音乐剧院展出5天后，还将在克拉斯诺达尔国立文化学院继续展出一个月。

“能否介绍一下中国的戏曲和世界其他国家戏剧的区别？”“中国的戏曲有着漫长的历史，在近代以前一直是独立发展的，后来和各国的戏剧接触后，中国戏曲也受到了影响，但是中国戏曲最显著的程式化特点始终没有改变，这是在研究、欣赏中国戏曲时都是必须要注意到的。”……10月30日，安徽黄梅戏剧院包括多名梅花奖获得者在内的部分演员还来到克拉斯诺达尔国立文化学院和师生们进行了面对面的深入交流。他们不但示范表演了《女驸马》《天仙配》等作品的经典唱段，还现场回答了师生们关于中国戏曲的问题。伊莲娜是该校戏剧系青年教师，她告诉记者，自己虽然早就知道中国的戏曲是一种非常特殊的戏剧形式，也曾经在网络和专业媒体上了解过中国戏曲的信息，但这次现场看到中国戏曲演员的表演，对戏曲的真实形态有了更加清晰的认识，大大激发了自己以后继续关注中国戏曲的热情。

11月1日，由中国电影博物馆承办的“中国电影113年”图片展览在克拉斯诺达尔国立文化学院开展。110块采取中国传统画轴形式，以宣纸印刷、丝绸绫子装裱的展板，即刻吸引了现场观众的目光，绢人、浮陶、泥塑、戏服等充满中国传统文化气息的实物展品，给俄罗斯观众娓娓道来中国电影113年来发展变化的同时，也让观众沉浸到一派原汁原味的中国传统文化的气息中。

11月3日，在顺利完成了在克拉斯诺达尔的日程后，“今日中国”艺术周系列活动又来到俄罗斯首都莫斯科继续进行。

“中国演员在舞台上的姿态、表情都非常丰富，更让我感到惊奇的是，在表演中演员的手都好像会说话一样，手势和剧情有着非常巧妙的联系，这种‘手语’在欧洲的戏剧里是非常罕见的，中国的戏曲真的太神奇了！”在11月3日晚的莫斯科中国文化中心，莫斯科市民伊娜看完了作为2018“今日中国”艺术周组成部分的黄梅戏折子戏专场演出后这样说。伊娜告诉记者，中国的戏曲除了外在的表演形式和欧洲的戏剧有着诸多不同，当晚的这些节目虽然只是整部作品的片段，但也鲜明地体现出东方文化的独特韵味，里面的文化内涵非常丰富。自己已经退休了，一直在筹备明年去中国旅行，通过观看今晚的节目，看来自己到达中国后的行程必须增加一个内容，“我知道黄梅戏是中国的地方戏之一，中国还有很多剧种，我无论到了中国的哪个地方，一定要到当地的剧院里去好好欣赏那里的地方戏曲”。

当晚，中国安徽省黄梅戏剧院的演员们为观众带来了《刘海戏金蟾》选段《十五的月亮为谁圆》，《天仙配》选段《夫妻双双把家还》，《女驸马》选段《状元府》和《洞房》，《小乔初嫁》选段《对酒当歌》等传统剧目，以及新编黄梅小戏《六尺巷》。驻俄罗斯大使馆文化参赞兼莫斯科中国文化中心主任龚佳佳，以及当地有关机构负责人观看了此次演出。除了对中国传统文化兴趣浓厚的莫斯科市民，来到现场的还有众多学习、工作于此的中国观众。在莫斯科经商25年之久的张兴成专程带着家人驱车赶来观看演出。他说，自己虽然是山东人，但对来自祖国任何地方的艺术家和艺术作品都非常欢迎，更何况当晚的节目中还包括众多在国内家喻户晓的经典唱段。自己的孩子在家庭环境的熏陶下对祖国的传统文化也非常感兴趣，经常上网寻找相关的内容。当得知中国文联选派这么多的艺术家带着众多优秀作品来到莫斯科，早早就网上报名，就是希望能让孩子现场感受到祖国戏曲艺术的魅力。

黄梅戏《天仙配》首场演出现场Debut of Huang mei Opera Tianxian Pei

尽管当晚的演出持续到深夜，第二天一早，参加2018“今日中国”艺术周活动的艺术家们仍然不辞劳苦，来到位于莫斯科郊外的中共六大会址参观，中共六大会址常设展览馆副馆长马先军向大家详细介绍了中共六大召开的历史背景、会议进程和重要意义。《小乔初嫁》中“小乔”的扮演者何云说，我们今天的幸福生活离不开革命先辈的无私奉献。黄梅戏剧院特意把今天作为党员活动日，而今天的参观，是一堂生动的党课，通过对革命先辈的奋斗历史的了解，自己对习近平总书记所提出的“不忘初心，牢记使命”，有了更加深刻、更加清晰的认识。作为一名党员文艺工作者，要时刻牢记自己的使命就是要不断把更多优秀的文艺作品奉献给人民群众。当晚，曾经在克拉斯诺达尔引发人们观看热潮的“影像中国40年”摄影展也来到莫斯科，在盖达尔文化宫继续举行。

11月5日，来自中国的艺术家还访问了享誉全球并曾多次赴华演出的红旗歌舞团。该团驻地是一座样式朴素的四层建筑，坐落在一条远离闹市区的小街上，路对面就是该团创始人、指挥家亚历山大·瓦西里耶维奇·亚历山大德罗夫的雕像。雕像前的一束束鲜花，凝结着人们对这位杰出艺术家的殷切怀念。供职该团已经有65年之久的功勋演员、歌唱家维克多向来自中国的艺术家们详细介绍了该团的历史，还深情回忆了自己随团赴中国演出的难忘经历。他说，中俄两国都有一个非常相似的传统，就是优秀的、经典的、获得广泛认可的艺术作品，往往都有着浓郁鲜明的民族风格，都和本国民间文化有着非常深厚的联系。他鼓励参加此次活动的中国艺术家们一定要好好向本国的群众学习，真正地把流传在他们中间的传统艺术的种子吸收到自己的创作中来。

演出结束后，观众与演员合影Afterthe perfornane, the audiences take photos with the performers.

黄梅戏《天仙配》首场演出现场Debut of Huangmei Opera Tianxian Pei

At the end of October and the beginning of November,Russia's vast land has been saturated with a strong feeling of autumn. The golden leaves covered all corners of the countryside, dotting streets and alleys of the city. This beautiful scenery, just like the famous contemporary Russian writer K.Paustovsky said in the essay collection "Golden Rose", "Fallen leaves will cover the lonely water. The birch forest is like beautiful girls,embroidered with golden leaves as scarf, standing there slimly and silently." In such a beautiful golden autumn season, on the occasion of the 2018 China-Russia Year of Local Cooperation and Exchange,the CFLAC has sent a troupe to Russia to hold 2018 "China Today" Art Week at the invitation of the Krasnodar State Cultural Institute of the Russian Frontier Region and the Moscow Chinese Cultural Center.The event was held in Krasnodar and Moscow respectively, including a full-length performance ofTianxian Pei, an opera highlights of Huangmei Opera, a "Photography China 40 Years" exhibition and"113 Years of Chinese Film" photo exhibition and etc.

The first stop of the art week has chosen Krasnodar, an important town in southern Russia. This quiet city is not well known in China,as she is located on the shore of the Black Sea by the banks of the Kuban River, the capital of the Krasnodar Territory. Although the city has a population of less than one million, there are more than 40 theaters, 11 cinemas, 38 exhibition halls and museums. The public's passion for art is so evident that on the Red street running through the city, sculptures, fountains and monuments echo each other. Both sides of the street are also full of galleries, bookstores and various art shops. The whole long street is like a piece of happy flowing music,even strolling pedestrians on the street seem to have become the amazing notes. Located on the most prosperous street in the city,the music theatre will present theTianxian Peiof Huangmei Opera.Just above this simple and elegant building, the large-scale poster of the Chinese Huangmei Opera classicTianxian Peiprinted with Chinese and Russian characters has been attracting the attention of passers-by for many days recently. According to reports, the tickets for the show were sold out within few days. The people here are looking forward to the arrival of Chinese artists every day.

The day for the official show ofTianxian Peihas finally come. On October 31st, the north wind is blowing along the red streets in the evening, as if the light of the street lights seems to be frozen, unable to penetrate the fallen leaves. However, the coldness can't stop people who are keen in art. Thousands of local audiences still walk into the 85-year-old music theater in the cold wind.

黄梅戏《天仙配》首场演出现场Debut of Huangmei Opera Tianxian Pei

In that special evening, as an important part of the 2018 "China Today" Art Week, theTianxian Pei, which is well-known in China, will be staged by the artists of Anhui Huangmei Opera Theatre for the first time in Krasnodar. Among them, the related events concerning 2018 "China Today" Art Week in Krasnodar are organized by the CFLAC and Krasnodar State Cultural Institute, and presented by China Photographers Association, China Film Museum, Anhui Huangmei Opera Theatre, RAKURS (Beijing) Movie & Television Culture Communication Company Ltd., and the Krasnodar Musical Theatre---the Krasnodar Creative Consortium, marking the first large-scale Chinese art troupe for this quiet city. LI Qianguang, Vice-President of the Executive Committee of the CFLAC, ZHENG Gengsheng,vice-President of China Photographers Association, LIAO Ken,director of the Chinese Literature and Art Volunteer Service Center and vice-chairman and secretary-general of the Chinese Literature and Art Volunteers Association, Galina Aleksandrovna Moskaleva,Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of Krasnodar Territory, Maxim Mikhailovich Usatyuk, Deputy Minister of Culture of the Frontier Region, Sergey Semenovich Zengin, Dean of the National Institute of Culture of Krasnodar University and others have attended the opening ceremony of the evening.

In his speech, LI Qianguang said that China and Russia are two great countries. We not only have a long history and great civilization, but also are good neighbors connected by mountains and rivers, good friends who are looking forward to helping each other, and good partners with sincere cooperation. The closeness of the two peoples is not just because of geographical proximity. In recent years, China-Russia local cooperation has flourished, and literature and art are an important link to communicate the hearts and emotions of people of all countries. He hoped that the Russian people would further understand the charm of Chinese culture and enhance the friendship and understanding between the Chinese and Russian people through the original Chinese art brought by Chinese high-level artists.

In order to makeTianxian Peimore suitable for the appreciation habits of Russian audiences, the Huangmei Opera Theatre of Anhui Province has adapted this drama one year ahead of schedule, not only streamlining the performance time, but also adjusting the lines and soundtracks. Prior to the starting of the show, even though the long-distance flight, which had just passed more than 20 hours, two transits and a total flight of more than 10,000 kilometers, the artists were in the first place to prepare for the performance right after getting off the plane. The hard work shall always pay off handsomely.On the stage of the evening, the artists' singing voices are beautiful,the performances are superficial, together with the exquisite and elegant costumes and dances. More than 1,000 local Spectators were deeply impressed by the charm of Chinese traditional art. Many viewers shed tears for the love of DONG Yong and the Seven Fairies, and the performance was a great success. Although the performance has ended, a large number of spectators were still at the theater for a long time in order to take pictures with the Chinese artists who have not yet removed makeup, and learn more about theTianxian Peiand the Chinese opera. A spectator is a public official working in the Ministry of Economic Statistics of the Frontier Region. She said that Krasnodar has always had a tradition of loving art. She usually likes to watch drama, this time she can watch the show full of oriental charm in her city, which is such a rare opportunity. After watching the performance of the day, I think that the Chinese opera art is more natural and the exaggeration is very rare compared to the Western drama. Although the plot of the play comes from ancient Chinese legend, with the help of Russian subtitles, it is not too difficult to understand. The reporter also learned that in order to meet the appreciation needs of more Russian audiences who did not have the opportunity to visit the scene, Krasnodar's Kuban-24 TV station also broadcast a fullfledged Huangmei Opera movieTianxian Peiwith Russian subtitles after the performance.

On that evening, whenTianxian Peiwas staged in the music theater,the "Photography China 40 Years" exhibition hosted by the China Photographers Association was also held outside the theater's performance hall. A total of 80 photographs were exhibited in this exhibition, which were presented in a one-to-one correspondence.The Chinese images taken by foreign photographers in the early days of reform and opening up were juxtaposed with the current Chinese images taken by Chinese counterparts, employing Chinese,foreign, old and new perspectives, the multiple contrast techniques,such as image style, to clearly reflect the tremendous changes that have taken place in China since the reform and opening up 40 years ago. After five days of exhibition at the Krasnodar Music Theatre, the photo exhibition will continue for a month at the Krasnodar State Cultural Institute.

"Can you tell us about the difference between Chinese opera and the drama of other countries in the world?" "Chinese opera has a long history and has been independently developed before modern times.Later, after contact with dramas in various countries, Chinese opera has also been affected. However, the most notable stylized features of Chinese opera have not changed. This is something that must be noticed when studying and appreciating Chinese opera." On October 30th, some of the artists from Anhui Huangmei Opera Theater,including many Plum Performance Award winners, also came to the Krasnodar State Cultural Institute to have face-to-face exchanges with teachers and students. They not only demonstrated the classic singing works, such as The Female Prince Consort andTianxian Pei, but also answered the questions of the teachers and students about Chinese opera. Elena is a young teacher of the school's drama department. She told reporters that although she has long known that Chinese opera is a very special form of drama, and she once learned about Chinese opera from the Internet and professional media, but this time, she watched the performance of Chinese opera by artists, and had a clearer understanding of the true form of the opera, which greatly stimulated her enthusiasm for continuing to care about Chinese opera in the future.

克拉斯诺达尔市民观看“影像中国40年”摄影展Citizens of Krasnodar visit the "Photography China 40 Years" exhibition

On November 1st, the "China Film 113 Years" photo exhibition hosted by the China Film Museum was held at the Krasnodar State Cultural Institute. 110 pieces of displaying panels in forms of Chinese traditional drawing axis mounted with Xuan paper and silk immediately attracted the attention of the audiences, the silk figure,floating pottery, clay sculpture, costumes and other physical exhibits full of Chinese traditional culture conveyed to the Russian audience about development of Chinese film in the past 113 years, it also immersed the audiences in the atmosphere of the original Chinese traditional culture.

Since November 3rd, the "China Today" Art Week series has come to Moscow, the capital of Russia after successfully completing the schedule in Krasnodar.

"Chinese artists are very rich in postures and expressions on the stage. What makes me even more surprised is that in the performance, their hands seem to be able to talk as the gestures and the plots are very ingenious. This kind of 'sign language' is very rare in Europe drama, and the Chinese opera is really amazing!" On the evening of November 3rdat the Moscow Chinese Cultural Center,local citizen Ina watched the opera highlights of the Huangmei Opera in the 2018 "China Today" Art Week. She said that Chinese operas have many different forms in addition to their external performances.The programs of the evening were only fragments of the whole work, but they also vividly reflected the unique charm of abundant oriental culture. She has already retired and has been preparing to travel to China next year. After watching the show tonight, it seemed that she has to add a content to her trip after arriving in China. "I know that Huangmei Opera is one of the local operas in China. There are still many dramas in the country. No matter where I go in China, I must go to the local theaters to enjoy the local operas!"

In the evening, the artists of the Huangmei Opera Theatre in Anhui Province, China have brought the selection of theLIU Hai and Fairy of Golden Toad, Full Moon, andThe Couples Return Home,selection ofTianxian Pei, andMansionsandRoom for Marriage,selection ofThe Female Prince Consort, Song of Wine, selection ofMarriage of Little Qiaoand other traditional repertoires, and the newly-made Huangmei minor dramaSix-foot Lane. GONG Jiajia,Cultural Counselor of the Chinese Embassy in Russia and Director of the Moscow Chinese Cultural Center, and the heads of the relevant local institutions watched the performances. In addition to the citizens of Moscow who have a strong interest in Chinese traditional culture, there are many Chinese audiences who have studied and worked here. ZHANG Xingcheng, who has been in Moscow for 25 years for running business, made a special trip with his family to watch the show. He said that although he is a native of Shandong,he is very popular with artists and works of art from anywhere from the motherland, not to mention the classic arias that are wellknown in the country. His children are also very interested in the traditional culture of the motherland under the influence of the family environment. They often go online to find relevant content.I learned that the CFLAC has sent so many artists to Moscow with many excellent works. I registered online already, hoping to let the children experience the charm of the drama art of the motherland.Even though the performance lasted until late at night, the artists who participated in the 2018 "China Today" Art Week were still working hard the next morning. They came to visit the building of the 6thCongress of the Chinese Communist Party on the outskirts of Moscow, MA Xianjun, deputy-director of the permanent exhibition hall gave a detailed introduction to the historical background, the progress of the conference and the significance of the convening of the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.HE Yun, the actor of "Little Qiao" inMarriage of Little Qiao,said that our happy life today is inseparable from the selfless dedication of the revolutionary ancestors. The Huangmei Opera Theatre deliberately regards today as a CPC activity day, and today's visit is actually a vivid class of party history. Through the understanding of the struggle history of the revolutionary ancestors, he has a deeper and clearer understanding of "remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind" proposed by CPC General Secretary XI Jinping. As a party member and artist, I always keep in mind that my mission is to continually dedicate more outstanding literary and artistic works to the people. That night,the "Photography China 40 Years" exhibition, which once sparked quite a heat in Krasnodar, also came to Moscow and continued in the Gaidarovets Culture Center.

On November 5th, artists from China also visited the Alexandrov Ensemble, which is famous all over the world and has performed in China for many times. The venue is a simple four-storey building located in a small street far from the downtown area. Across the road stood the statue of the founder and conductor Alexandre Alexandrov, where a bouquet of flowers was laid, embodying the ardent memory of this outstanding artist. Victor, the master actor and singer, who has been in the group for 65 years, gave a detailed introduction of the history to the artists from China. He also deeply remembered his unforgettable experience of visiting China with the group. He said that both China and Russia have a very similar tradition, excellent and classic, and widely recognized works of art often have a strong and distinct national style, with a very deep connection with the national folk culture. He encouraged the Chinese artists who participated in the event to learn from the masses in their own country and truly absorb the seeds of traditional art circulating among them into their own creations.

演出结束后，观众争相与演员合影After the performance, the audiences take photos with the performers.