❷巧学“动词+介词/副词”的动词短语

安徽 蒋安君

◎用法梳理

初中课本中出现了大量的“动词+介词”和“动词+副词”构成的动词短语，各地中考题中也经常出现考查动词短语的试题。现将其基本用法小结如下：

1.“动词+介词”类的动词短语，无论是名词还是代词作其宾语，都放在介词的后面。例如：

He is waiting for Mary.他正在等玛丽。

He is waiting for her.他正在等她。

动词后接介词with、like、at、after、for、about、to、into、through等构成的动词短语，通常有：deal with处理、look at看着、laugh at嘲笑、look like看起来像、look after照顾、dream of梦见、dream about梦到、major in主修、work on从事；忙于、hear of听说、hear from收到……来信、depend on依靠、listen to听、wait for等待、care for关心；关怀、send for派人去请、care about关心；担心、aim at向……瞄准、fall into落入、knock at/on敲击、knock into撞了某人、live on以……为主食、feed on以食……为主、concentrate on专心于、agree to sth.同意某事、agree with sb.同意某人、agree on就……达成一致、decide on确定、look through浏览

2.当“动词+副词”类的动词短语的宾语是名词时，该名词可以放在副词前面或后面；如果其宾语是代词，只能放在动词与副词中间。例如：

It is time to get out of bed.Please wake Jack up.（=Please wake up Jack.）是起床的时候了。请叫醒杰克。

Why not wake them up?为什么不叫醒他们？（不说Why not wake up them?）

巧记这种用法的顺口溜是：

课本中常见的这类动词短语有：shut down关闭、cut down砍到、turn down调低音量、take down取下、put down放下、let down使沮丧、turn up调高音量、shut up切断、put up搭起；举起、fix up修理；修补、set up创立；创办、think up想出、clean up清扫、use up用光；用尽、give up放弃、look up查阅、wake up唤醒、call/ring up打电话、mix up混合、cut up切碎、pick up拾起、make up编造、put out熄灭、hand out分发、sell out卖完、carry out执行；落实、work out计算出；成功、give out发放；分发、blow out吹灭、give back归还、take back收回、call back回电话、give away捐赠、take away带走；拿走、put away摆放好、clean out清除；把……清扫干净、find out查明、take up捡起；从事、bring out显示出

3.on、in、off、over等既可用作介词，又可用作副词。下面是同学们容易混淆的动词短语：

动词+介词 动词+副词work on从事depend on依赖call on号召get on上车（船）get off下车（船）go over复习put on穿上；增添try on试穿take off脱下put off推迟；延期think over仔细考虑

我们可以利用顺口溜巧记上面5个易混淆的“动词+副词”短语动词：

4.有些“动词+副词”是不及物的动词短语，须加适当的介词才能接宾语。例如：

look forward（to）期待、get back（to）返回、show up露面；出席、set out启程、run off逃走、break down出故障、get on/along（with）进展；相处、hold on（to）坚持、stay up 熬夜、give in（to）让步；屈服、run out（of）用完、come out出版；（花）开了

5.有些“动词+副词”构成的动词短语可用作及物动词短语或不及物动词短语。请比较：

①take off vi.起飞，vt.脱下

How soon will the plane take off?飞机多久以后就会起飞?

You'd better take off your wet clothes.你最好脱下湿衣服。

② get back vi.返回；vt.取回

When did he get back?他什么时候返回的？

My book is upstairs.I'll get it back.我的书在楼上。我要取回它。

③ wake up vi.醒来，vt.唤醒

Wake up!It's time to get out of bed.醒来吧！起床时间到了。

Wake her up，or she will be late for school.叫醒她，否则她上学会迟到。

◎考场夺冠

根据句意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。

1.—My mother cooks delicious food every day.I've_________six pounds.

—I think you should do more exercise.

【2017·十堰中考题】

A.put away B.put off

C.put on D.put up

2.In a soccer game，it's important for the players to play together and_________the best in each other.【2017·襄阳中考题】

A.hand out B.leave out

C.bring out D.take out

3.The teacher asked the students to_________a story about a trip to the moon.

【2017·随州中考题】

A.give up B.turn up

C.cut up D.make up

4.If you want to know more about space，please_________the book A Brief of Time.

【2017·广东中考题】

A.look through B.look around

C.look after D.look down upon

5.We need to do some research to_________the answer.

【2016·河北中考题】

A.find out B.look out

C.hand out D.take out

6.—What's the meaning of“secretary”?

—Let me_________the word in the dictionary.

【2016·南宁中考题】

A.look at B.look for

C.look after D.look up

7.Some animals can_________the color around to protect themselves.

【2018·安徽中考题】

A.take on B.give up

C.put away D.see off

8.—The government is trying to protect the environment now.

—Yeah.It is reported that some factories will be_________soon.

【2018·东营中考题】

A.set up B.shut off

C.given up D.turned off

（答案见第64页）