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让高考英语写作出彩

2018-11-06陈燕红

高中生·天天向上 2018年9期

陈燕红

一些学生问:“我已认真审题,抓住要点行文,内容表达完整,字体工整,为何还得不到高分呢?”这正是问题所在,全国卷的书面表达是半开放性的写作,虽然对词数要求不高,但对文体语言规范、得体性以及内容构思能力的要求并不低。

认真解读高考评分标准,我们不难领悟到,要在高考英语写作中得到高分,就要使文章语句表达得体,内容丰富起来,多写一些让阅卷者感到出彩的亮点词和句。作为高三的考生,应该为高分写作找到突破口。要想让英语写作出彩,可以从以下几方面为文章润色。

“润”词

词汇是语言的建筑材料,文章的好坏,遣词很关键。一位语言学家说得好:“Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion,it is a courtesy to others, and a favor to yourself -a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world.”

考生如果用心遣词,就会使文章增色不少。

试比较以下两句:

He isa good teacher.(普通)

He is a caring and insightful teacher.(具体)

通过比较可以看出,前一句不如后一句表达得具体、生动。一个词的内涵越具体,它表达的内容越丰富。考生写作时要多用具体、特定的词来描述一个具体的人或物,如a kind lady给人感觉很笼统、空泛,我们可以用很多更为个性、具体的词描绘一个人,如hospital, optimistic, spirited, cultivated, easy-going ,generous, humorous, thoughtful, gentle等。

考生还应多积累阅读的语篇材料中的好词美句,并应用到写作当中。有一名学生,原本写作语句表达贫乏,听从老师的建议用心积累做过的某些阅读篇章中的好词句,他现在的写作水平明显上了一个台阶。以下是他某次考试的写作修改稿,恰如其分地运用了最近阅读语篇中积累的亮点词汇。Dear Chris.

In your last letter,you asked if'I could recommend some suitable Chinese books for you to read. Therefore, I'm writing to recommend you a book named A Dream of Red Mansons.

As one of the Four Great Classical Novels.A Dream of Red Mansions is considered as an encyclopedia of Chinese traditional culture. As a novel based on 18th- century Chinese society,it will present you the society of Qing dynasty and a noble family's ups and downs as well as many people with distinctive characters,which makes this book really worth reading and studying.I am sure that you will he immersed in its appealing plots and have a better knowledge of Chinese profound traditional cul- ture.

I also sincerely welcome you to visit me and experi-ence the charm of Chinese culture during the summer va-cation. If you come,I'll show you around the cityI live in and share with more great Chinese novels.

Yours,

Li Hua

“潤”句

解读高考评分标准“应用较多的语法结构”,就是指句式的多样性表达。单一的句式和结构会使文章读起来单调乏味,缺乏吸引力,而灵活多变的句式则使行文流畅白然,丰富生动,让阅卷者眼前一亮。考生如果能正确使用同位语、非谓语动词、复合句和特殊句式,可以使文章语言充满层次感,让阅卷者感到赏心悦目。

1.巧用同位语,简洁明了

I'd like to invite you to join us fora visit to the near-by nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Fes-tival,the day for the elderly in our culture.(邀请信:请外教去敬老院)

2.活用非谓语动词,重点突出

I'm writing to invite you to bea judge at our Englishspeech contest to be held in our school on June lst.(邀请信:请外教当裁判)

Informed that you have a vacancy for a student to serve as the spokesman for an-imals,l cannot resist my inner excite-ment,hoping to seize the opportunity to do something for animals.(申请信:申请成为“动物代言人”)

The bag,containing my ID card,passport and so on,is very important tome.(求助信:请航空公司帮忙寻找行李箱)

3.利用特殊句式,句式多样

Not only did this activity bring us close to nature, but it also promoted the friendship among us.(倒装句)

It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that Ifound we hada lotin common.(强调句)

In my opinion,the guy of my age will share almost the same experiences as me and it is easier to talk to each other. We can share our feelings of traveling and football. If possible,I hope that he likes pets.(省略句)

写作训练建议

多数考生对英语书面表达感到无从下手,习惯以汉语思维遣词造句和谋篇,所写的句子简单、支離破碎,行文不够流畅、紧凑,且语法错误多,而新课标对写作要求提高到一个新层面。针对这一状况,对高考写作训练提几点建议:

第一,进行多层次的写作练习,如词语替换、句型转换、扩展或连接句子、一句多译、根据关键词(句)写短文、改写范文句子、仿写等语言技能训练。

第二,坚持循序渐进的训练原则,先易后难,由词句到篇,坚持“词不离句,句不离篇”的原则。

第三,对优秀生,应大量阅读美文,收集好词组和好句子并应用到写作当中。对基础较差的考生,要注重夯实基础,强化基本句型训练,结合写作模板进行写作,并多背一些优秀范文。

第四,建立作文档案袋。考生要把平时收集的写作资料、老师批改过的作文、同学修改过的习作和老师评讲的写作范文都放在档案袋里,以便体验自己的进步和反思自己存在的问题,及时调整训练方向,以便老师了解自己的写作水平,从而能够及时得到老师有针对性的辅导。

第五,重视写作互批和讲评。在批改同学习作时,不要一味找错,要画出同学写得好的词语和句子,潜意识要多写些出彩的好句子,体验写作的成就感。在听老师讲评时,多积累一些同学写出的精彩词语、漂亮句子和优秀范文,记下其出彩之处。对同学写作中出现的错误进行修改,若也是自己常出现的错误,则及时用错题本登记起来。

第六,尽可能多找老师面批作文,这样比较有针对性,领悟能力提高较快。