A novel strategy of smart manipulation by micro-scale oscillatory networks of the reactionary zones for enhanced extreme thrust control of the next-generation solid propulsion systems

Alexander N.Lukin

Bldg.9,Tupik Zvezdniy,Tuapse,Krasnodar Territory,RU 352808,Russian Federation

Keywords:Solid propulsion systems Extreme thrust control Reactionary zones Micro-scale oscillatory networks Self-organized wave patterns Energy-releasing areas

ABSTRACT The main aim of this research is to get a better knowledge and understanding of the micro-scale oscillatory networks behavior in the solid propellants reactionary zones.Fundamental understanding of the micro-and nano-scale combustion mechanisms is essential to the development and further improvement of the next-generation technologies for extreme control of the solid propellant thrust.Both experiments and theory confirm that the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks excitation in the solid propellants reactionary zones is a rather universal phenomenon.In accordance with our concept,the micro-and nano-scale structures form both the fractal and self-organized wave patterns in the solid propellants reactionary zones.Control by the shape,the sizes and spacial orientation of the wave patterns allows manipulate by the energy exchange and release in the reactionary zones.A novel strategy for enhanced extreme thrust control in solid propulsion systems are based on manipulation by selforganization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks and self-organized patterns formation in the reactionary zones with use of the system of acoustic waves and electro-magnetic fields,generated by special kind of ring-shaped electric discharges along with resonance laser radiation.Application of special kind of the ring-shaped electric discharges demands the minimum expenses of energy and opens prospects for almost inertia-free control by combustion processes.Nano-sized additives will enhance self-organizing and self-synchronization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks on the nanometer scale.Suggested novel strategy opens the door for completely new ways for enhanced extreme thrust control of the solid propulsion systems.

1.Introduction

Solid propulsion systems(SPS)continue to be a reliable way to provide thrust and are used in almost every Earth-to-orbit launch capability.Controllable SPS combine the simplicity of solid engines and the thrust variation ability of the liquid and hybrid engines.More advanced SPS can not only be throttled but also be extinguished and then re-ignited by controlling the nozzle geometry or through the use of vent ports.A new generation of technologies is expanding solid propulsion capabilities and increasing their relevance for nano-launch,in-space,and destination capabilities.The ability to actively throttle would substantially increase the flexibility of a SPS regardless of the mission profile.

The aim of our research efforts is development of a novel strategy for smart manipulation by collective dynamics of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks of the reactionary zones for enhanced operational capabilities of the next-generation SPS.New understanding of the self-excited micro-scale oscillatory networks in the reactionary zones opens new possibilities for control of combustion processes.The areas of possible application of presented researches are as follows:Controllable Thrust Solid Rocket Propulsion Systems;Solid Divert and Attitude Control System(SDACS);The Launch Abort Systems(LAS)or Launch Escape System(LES).

Fundamental understanding of the micro-and nano-scale combustion mechanisms is essential to the development of the next-generation technologies for extreme control of the solid propellant thrust and control by combustion instabilities.

The micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks arising in the energetic material(EM)reactionary zones has a significant influence on physical and chemical processes and on controllability of ignition and combustion processes.Both experiments and theory confirm that the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks excitation in the EM reactionary zones is a rather universal phenomenon.The analysis of experimental data shows that the macro-scale phenomena at the EM combustion are result of self-organizing and self-synchronization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks in the EM reactionary zones.This hypothesis is supported by the experimental data provided by Japanese research team,[1-3].This data has been obtained during study of oscillation and synchronization in the simple experimental system,containing a set of paraffin candles.Discovered in the 17th century by Christian Huygens,self-synchronization was observed in physics,chemistry,biology and even social behavior,and found practical applications in engineering.This phenomenon are universal and can be understood within a common framework based on modern nonlinear dynamics.

2.Self-excited micro-scale oscillatory networks in the reactionary zones

During the last decades,researchers have observed the excitation of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks in the reactionary zones of the EM and the presence of micro-torches over the EM burning surface,(see Fig.1),[4-8].

Both experiments and theory confirm that the micro-and nanoscale oscillatory networks excitation in the EM reactionary zones is a rather universal phenomenon[9,10].

More than 50 years ago,by numerous experiments begun by Zeldovich had been established the excitation of regular spatial and time structure at stationary propagation of real processes of combustion and detonation explosion[11].These micro-and nanoscale structures play a role of micro-scale oscillatory networks in the EM reactionary zones.However,such composite systems cannot be understood,analyzing their parts separately.As was suggested by Novozhilov,the EM burning surface represents the self-excited oscillatory system with in finite number of freedom degrees[12].

In 1951 Zhukov has shown that at the EM burning on the boundary between of solid and gas phases there is a liquid-viscous layer(LVL)[13].Later,the existence of a melt layer was proposed by several researchers(Beckstead and Hightower,1967[14]),(Tanaka and Beckstead,1996[15]),(Jeppson,Beckstead and Jing,1998[16]).The micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks of the EM reactionary zones is associated with both the fractal and self-organized wave patterns formation.Patterns formation phenomena in the EM reactionary zones is programmed by interaction of several competing mechanisms:by thermo-electric convection excitation in the EM LVL,by excitation of the cellular structures and structurization of the LVL by system of acoustic waves propagating in the combustion chamber and by self-synchronization of the selfexcited oscillatory cells.Study of various model experimental systems that simulate the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks in the EM reactionary zones opens surprising possibilities for fundamental understanding of the micro-scale combustion mechanisms.

3.Self-organized wave patterns excitation in the reactionary zones

Pattern formation from instability is very well known as a general natural phenomenon,and it has been intensively studied in various areas of basic and applied science.In physics,the pattering behavior can be found in different areas of material processing,such as ion-beam sputtering,thin film deposition,or as a result of femtosecond pulse laser ablation.Understanding of the physical background in the patterning behavior must include the study of mechanisms how some small effects can govern the dynamics of pattern formation.That is the great scientific challenge.

In the late 18th century,German physicist Chladni demonstrated the organizing power of sound and vibration in a visually striking manner.In the 1950s the study of wave phenomena was continued by Swiss scientist and anthroposophist Hans Jenny,who named the research field as “Cymatics”,(“kyma”is the Greek word for wave)[17].Under this term,he summarized all phenomena which appear when tone and sound meet the substance.Sound is both a wave and a geometric pattern at the same time.Jenny also found that higher frequencies produced more complex shapes.As the frequency rises,the dissolution of one pattern may be followed by a short chaotic phase before a new,more intricate,stable structure emerges.If the amplitude is increased,the motions become all the more rapid and turbulent,sometimes producing small eruptions.The shapes, figures and patterns of motion that appeared proved to be primarilya function of frequency,amplitude,and the inherent characteristics of the various materials.

An interesting detail in Jenny's investigations into sound forms in fluids and gases is that if you first produce a disturbance in a fluid,gas or in a flame,then it becomes sensitive to the influence of sound.

The EM LVL can be considered as a medium sensitive to the influence of electro-magnetic fields and acoustic waves,where the self-organized wave patterns formation occurs.Most visually this phenomenon can be observed in the LVL of the end-burning solid propellant charges.

One of primary sources of acoustic waves are the networks of the micro-and nano-scale oscillating structures,excited by a thermo-electric convection,that radiates the acoustic energy into the gas phase.The hydrodynamic instability of micro-scale vortex structures in the combustion products flow also is a source of the acoustic energy.Zone of the gas-phase reactions also is a source of acoustic waves which interacts with the LVL on the burning surface.

In accordance with our hypothesis,the system of acoustic waves is capable to initiate structuring of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks in the EM reactionary zones.Under the influence of the system of acoustic waves the random 3-D micro-and nano-scale structures can turns into the harmonic self-organized wave patterns.

The example of visualization of self-organized patterns formed by the micro-size condensed particles at combustion in the eight beam channel of a cylindrical solid-propellant charge in an acoustic field with frequency of tangential oscillations(9-11kHz)and the amplitude of 1MPa is shown in Fig.2[18,19].High-speed recording with 2500 framesperminute.The micro-size condensed particles in the combustion products allows to make physically visible the sound wave patterns.Sound frequencies in this experiment cause random particles to assume geometric patterns.

In Fig.2-1 is the eight-beam internal channel of the solid propellant cylindrical charge;2 is the high-temperature combustion products;3 is the micro-size condensed particles(d=5 mm).High-speed recording with 2500 frames per minute[18,19].

The phenomena of self-organized wave patterns formation also are observed at burning of the paraf fin-based propellants in hybrid rocket systems.The cutaway views of the hybrid rocket fuel grain(50%HTPB+50%Paraf fin)are shown in Fig.3[20].

Patterned elements appear as lattice-like arrays,accompanied by vortical formations.Here again we are confronted by an exceptionally complex series of events:unstable currents,turbulence and vortex formations on the one hand,and an self-organized pattern on the other;both representing the effect of vibration on the stream of gas.

4.Model experimental systems for study of interaction of oscillatory networks

How can we study the networks of micro-scale oscillatory systems in the solid propellants reactionary zones?The system of interacting flames can be considered as a model experimental system for many practical applications.The experimental studying of thermal and electrical structure of the diffusive flames has shown that they can be used for modeling a flames of the composite solid rocket propellants[21].For instance,the better understanding of self-organizing and self-synchronization of the array of interacting flames can give us the possibility for control of combustion instabilities in the SPS.

The 2D Rubens'pyro board can be considered as a model experimental system for demonstration of the micro- flames self synchronization phenomenon and interaction of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks with the EM reactionary zones.Sound-sensitive flames are known to become sensitized only by disturbance,i.e.by turbulence in the stream of gas(Zickendraht,1932).A turbulent medium is sensitive to vibration;acoustic waves can make their influence felt in a turbulent medium.Hence the turbulent gas reacts to acoustic irradiation.A Rubens'tube,also known as a standing wave flame tube,is a tool for demonstrating standing acoustic waves(see Fig.4).

Invented by German physicist Heinrich Rubens in 1905,the Rubens' Tube graphically shows the relationship between sound waves and sound pressure,as a primitive oscilloscope.The“Pyro Board”takes the Rubens'Tube to the next level,by visualizing audio across a plane,instead of just in a line.Small flames of gas burned through these holes and thermodynamic patterns were made visible by this set-up.The pressure variations due to the sound waves affect the flow rate of flammable gas from the holes in the Pyro Board and therefore affect the height and color of flames.The Pyro Board itself is a 2D plane that comprises of 2.500 Bunsen burners(see Fig.4).

The system of small gas burners can provides a system of controllable flames.This is one of the model experimental systems demonstrating a capability of programming of the EM reactionary zones by external acoustic waves.

Recent experimental data on solid propellants combustion demonstrates considerable influence of acoustic waves onto micro and nano-scale oscillatory networks of the reactionary zones[22].The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the experimental data,presented in the paper[22],revealed that the acoustic wave strongly affects the combustion product flow,induced modifications on the flame structure and position,the burning surface profile,the burning rate,the flow velocity of the aluminum particles in the combustion products,and the distribution of the agglomerates.

5.Electric and magnetic interactions in the reactionary zones

The idea of using electro-magnetic fields to manipulate solid propellant burning rates is not new.In fact,this concept was proposed at least as far back as the 1960's.In general,the application of electro-magnetic fields to a combusting solid propellant has shown to increase the burning rate of the propellant,and even under certain conditions can decrease the burning rate as well[23].The effects,which an electro-magnetic field exerts on flames,have been observed and reported in the literature for a long time.Flames interact with external electric and magnetic fields,which can be used to monitor,manipulate,and enhance the processes that make up combustion through a variety of physical and chemical mechanisms.Even fields that are too weak to influence combustion directly can cause significant hydrodynamic flows,so called electric or ionic winds,through the collisional transfer of momentum from accelerated charged species to the neutral gas.The electric field interacts with the charged particles in the flame-the electrons,ions and soot particles and this collective motion of the charges in the electric field can lead to movement of the gas within the flame.In accordance with recent experimental results,the electromagnetic phenomena play a key role both in the LVL and in the flame zone of the burning EM.At heating from above,in the EM thin LVL the thermo-electric convection excitation occur,which induces cellular movement and formation of the synergetic micro and nano-scale structures[9].The electric field micro-and nanoscale structures in the LVL gives the program for formation of the cellular-pulsating micro-and nano-scale structures in the heatedup LVL,on the burning surface and for excitation of periodic toroidal vortex micro-structures over the burning surface.In conditions of the burning wave,where the temperature in the condensed phase increased by exponential law,the thin reactionary LVL can be considered as the molten mass with ionic properties.In accordance with experimental researches connected with studying of electrical structure of the flame[21,24],the flame of composite solid propellants and hybrid rocket propellants possesses own electric field of a complex structure with localization of zones of positive and negative electric charges.Presence of distributed electric charge in the flame allows to control by shape of the flame by means of external electric field,and,hence,by distribution of the heat sources,by the heat flow into the condensed phase and,at last,by burning rate.

Electro-magnetic self-organizing in the EM reactionary zones is induced under the influence of a thermo-electric field in the LVL and as a result of separation of electrical charges because of distinction in diffusion coefficients and mobility of charged particles in the flame.

Also,in the model experimental system the excitation of the patterns in the liquid layer in conditions of external electrostatic field was observed[25,26].The experiments revealed an anomalous behavior of the liquid layer combustion during the phase transition in the conditions of presence of an external lateral electrostatic field.The phase transition in these conditions,at a certain field strength,follows the explosive boiling mode.Changing the evaporation mode to explosive mode boiling-up dramatically increases the burning rate.

It has been shown experimentally that when a constant current electric discharge is applied to the combustion zone,an internal negative feedback suppresses vortex formation in the thermal boundary layer and the pressure oscillations at all harmonics,simultaneously[27].On the other hand,when a constant voltage discharge is applied,excitation and amplification of unstable combustion are observed.The estimates show that the electrical energy required to suppress the unstable burning of a singing flame by this method is an order of magnitude lower than the chemical energy release[27].In addition,the experiments on controlling combustion stability in more thermally stressed combustion chambers,for example,in a model of a ramjet engine,have shown that the required electrical energy is two or more orders lower.At stabilization of the discharge by high-frequency current,the degree of turbulence decreases,and at stabilization of discharge by voltage the degree of turbulence is increased.Use of controlled electric discharge allows to slow or accelerate motion of a wave of combustion front.This method for controlling combustion instability is realized through an “internal”feed-back.In this case,the combustion itself regulates the controlling discharge without using the sensors,amplifiers,phase inversion devices,etc.,required for external feedback.This sort of feedback,either negative or positive,is the fastest and is essentially instantaneous.The control technique described here was tested on a singing flame with premixed propane-air mixtures[27].If the electric discharge is imposed on the combustion zone,then the total rate of a heat release consist of rate of heat release provided by combustion and rate of Joule heat release in the discharge.The pressure oscillations are suppressed through an additional parametric negative feed-back.This means that the discharge does not affect the pressure oscillations directly,but serves only as the cause of changes in the parameter for the self-oscillatory process,which is coupled to the pressure oscillations through a definite chain.

The example of self-organized wave patterns excitation in the reactionary zone by the ring-shaped electric discharge is shown in Fig.5[28].

This is a typical shadow photographs taken in the direction orthogonal to the plane of the ring-shaped electric discharge when operating with a methane-oxygen mixture(CH4:O2)and oxygen(O2).The delay time with respect to the discharger trigger pulse is indicated in the Fig.5.

The gas-dynamic processes of the ring discharge in a methaneoxygen medium are more intricate than those in chemically inactive gases.The distinctive feature of this discharge is the generation of a second wave of strong gas-dynamic perturbations,which is also converging towards the axis.The induction times at the initiation of combustion bya ring discharge turn out to be much shorter in comparison with linear gliding discharges,microwave discharges at plane targets and laser sparks with nearly the same energy released[28].

Self-organizing of the EM reactionary zones is essentially new level of self-organizing which is determined by achievement of critical spacial concentration of the micro-and nano-scale structures-by a bifurcation point.

6.Manipulating by the resonance spectrum of the micro-and nano-scale structures

In the EM reactionary zones can be observed a unique set of holograms:image,acoustic,electro-magnetic and thermal.These holograms can be used as equivalents for excitation of the resonance spectrums of the predetermined set of molecules or microand nano-scale structures in the reactionary zones.

According to our hypothesis,each EM has a unique set of holograms of the reactionary zones in available specific frequency bands,because the holography is applicable to the waves of any nature,[29].For example,under the influence of the system of electro-magnetic fields or/and acoustic waves the random 3-D micro-and nano-scale structures can turns into astonishing forms.Such oscillatory structures can form the self-organized wave patterns,in particular,the Chladni patterns.

Self-organized wave patterns formation in the EM reactionary zones can be considered as visualization of the unique set of holograms of the EM reactionary zones.As have shown numerous experiments[30,31],the reactionary zones of the SPS are the laseractive mediums.For practical applications in the aerospace area we suggest technology of scanning of the multi-component unique resonance spectrum of all molecules in the EM reactionary zones and programmed transfer of the quantum information into the reactionary zones for excitation of the resonance spectrums of the predetermined set of molecules by means of resonance laser radiation or by use of the system of resonance electro-magnetic fields and acoustic waves,which can be used as equivalents for excitation of the resonance spectrums of the predetermined set of molecules or micro-and nano-scale structures in the reactionary zones.

In accordance with theoretical and computational studies[30,31],based on the novel physical and mathematical model of non-equilibrium chemical processes involving vibrationally and electronically exited molecules have shown that selective excitation of reacting species by laser radiation results in a considerable reduction of self-ignition temperature,decrease of induction and combustion times,and initiates detonation in supersonic flow at relatively low radiation energy inputted into the mixture.

These effects are due to production of the novel channels of high reactive radicals formation and enhancement of chain mechanism of combustion and are not associated with the thermal action of absorbed radiation.

The burning of the most combustible mixtures occurs through the mechanism of chain-branching reactions.Therefore,in order to enhance the combustion,one needs to excite those molecules that can produce in the course of chemical reactions the highly reactive atoms and radicals.One efficient approach to exciting the vibrational or electronic states of target molecules is exposure of the mixture to resonance laser radiation.

Experimental data show that molecules excited even to the lowest vibrational or electronic states react 10-100 times faster than unexcited ones.Laser-induced excitation of the target molecules in the reactionary zones gives the possibility for control by the scale and 3-D localization of the induction and energy-releasing areas and,accordingly,allows control inter-scale interaction in the SPS.

Excitation of the resonance spectrums of the predetermined set of molecules in the reactionary zones are capable to induce selforganizing of the 3-D micro-and nano-scale structures and to activate and to deactivate different physical properties:electromagnetic,electric conductivity,sizes of the micro-and nano-scale structures etc.Also,such excitation of the resonance spectrums can be used for reduction of the reactionary zones sizes and for suppression of the combustion instability.

The additional technical result is connected with increase of the energy-release rate in the reactionary zones.In particular,programming of the space structure of the reactionary zones,i.e.creation of spatially-local zones with various rates of reactions and energy release is possible.

The acoustic or electromagnetic holograms can be used for excitation of the self-organized wave patterns in the EM LVL and for programmed transfer of the quantum information into the reactionary zones for excitation of the resonance spectrums of the predetermined set of molecules.

In particular,laser radiation is capable to provide programmed excitation of the standing waves in the EM liquid-viscous melt layer.

7.Universal phenomena of self-synchronization of the networks of self-excited oscillators

Synchronization of a large number of oscillators is awell-known form of collective behavior[32].These phenomena are universal.Oscillators with similar frequencies can obviously synchronize when phase-minimizing coupling acts between them.The microand nano-scale structures of the EM reactionary zones can be classified as the synergetic objects.In the EM reactionary zones exists necessary conditions for realization of the phenomenon of self-synchronization.First of all this is a set of similar micro-and nano-scale oscillatory structures,which have an identical information-algorithmic condition and being in the conditions supposing fast information exchange between them.Fluctuating micro-and nano-scale structures also are generators of the acoustic waves and electro-magnetic radiation.One of examples of collective interaction and self-synchronization of the micro-and nanoscale structures in the EM reactionary zones are the process of excitation of the burning cells in the reactionary zones of strobes[33].

The simple model nonlinear oscillatory experimental system containing a set of paraffin candles can be used for experimental studying of the phenomenon of synchronization of the torch microstructures over the EM burning surface[1].

The experimental studying of thermal and electrical structure of the diffusive flames,which models a flame of the composite solid propellant,has shown possibility of control of the burning rate of propellant by change of heat flux to the burning surface by superimposition of a dilatational electric field on the flame[24].At superimposition of the external electric field on the flame occurs change of the shape and the height of the flame.It is caused by presence of the distributed electrical charge in a flame.Together with it there is a change of a position of radiants of thermal emission in the flame,a change of heat flow on the burning surface and burning rate.The EM reactionary zones can be considered as excitable systems.Actually,self-synchronization of the micro-and nano-scale structures provides the mechanism of interactions between micro-and macro-scale levels in the EM reactionary zones(the inter-scale interaction).

According to our hypothesis,self-synchronization of the microand nano-scale oscillatory systems in the reactionary zones occurs through both the acoustic waves and electro-magnetic fields interaction.The phenomenon of self-synchronization of the microand nano-scale oscillatory systems in the reactionary zones was considered in paper[34].The acoustic waves and electro-magnetic fields are major factors in the reactionary zones that are capable to initiate the self-synchronization phenomenon.

Simultaneous interaction of these two factors in the reactionary zones will induce phenomenon of synergy and will intensify selfsynchronization phenomenon.Such interaction of the electric charges and electro-magnetic fields changes the space localization of the reaction zone and the sources of heat release in the burning zone.Self-organizing of the EM reactionary zones is a key link in the control methods by combustion regime.

The new possibilities for effective control by ignition and combustion processes opens in connection with possibility of initiation of self-organizing of the reactionary zone by use of the electric fields,acoustic waves and special kind of ring-shaped electric discharges.

Self-synchronization of oscillations of the torch microstructures under the influence of external action can excite combustion instabilities in the combustion chambers of the SPS.In the greatest degree,the effects of self-synchronization will be observed at low pressure levels,when the micro-and nano-scale structures in the reactionary zone have the maximum size.At reduced pressure levels the majority of anomalies of ignition and combustion are observed.

Self-synchronization of the micro-and nano-scale structures are capable to induce changes of distribution of heat flows and to induce the combustion anomalies.In the middle of the nineteenth century,in his famous treatise “The Theory of Sound”,Lord Rayleigh described an interesting phenomenon of synchronization in acoustical systems,[32].Rayleigh observed not only mutual synchronization when two distinct but similar pipes begin to sound in unison,but also the related effect of oscillation death,when the coupling results in suppression of oscillations of interacting systems.Diffusive coupling is capable of suppressing intrinsic oscillations due to the manifestation of the phenomena of amplitude and oscillation deaths,[35,36].

The phenomenon of oscillation death(OD)refers to situation,where the coupled oscillator system cease oscillation and exhibit a stationary state[35].Amplitude death(AD)is one of the intriguing phenomena that occurs in coupled oscillators when they interact in such a way as to suppress each others oscillations and collectively go to the stable fixed point that was unstable otherwise.For instance,in the result of interaction of the networks of self-excited oscillators in the EM reactionary zones in self-synchronization mode the phenomenon of quenching or death of oscillations can be observed.Then,the wave of quenching or death of oscillations can propagate on all burning surface.

8.Novel strategy for enhanced extreme thrust control

A novel strategy for enhanced extreme thrust control of the SPS are based on control by self-organization and by selfsynchronization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks and self-organized patterns formation in the reactionary zones with use of the system of acoustic waves,electro-magnetic fields,resonance laser radiation and special kind of the ringshaped electric discharges.Also controlling of self-organizing and self-synchronization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks can be used for suppression of the anomalous intra-chamber oscillating processes.The concept includes integration of the propellant reactionary zones both into the control system by combustion mode,and into the general control system.

In accordance with the experimental data,under the influence of an electric current the solid propellants are capable for stable burning at the atmospheric pressure.Supporting of electrical conductivity of the LVL in the conditions of low pressures can be used for multi-ignition of the propellant without use of the ignition system.The LVL also can be used as a sensor of the pressure oscillations in the combustion chamber.For example,in some cases,the solid propellant charge together with complex electro-control system,being one of the propellant components(for example,in the hybrid propulsion systems)can be manufactured by a method of Additive Manufacturing(3D Printing).This technique allows to provide as much as possible random distribution of the propellant components in comparison with techniques of mechanical mixing and as result,to provide more complete combustion of components and to increase the solid propellant energy.As have shown numerous experiments[30,31],the reactionary zones of the SPS are the laser-active mediums.For practical applications in the aerospace area we suggest technology of scanning of the multicomponent unique resonance spectrum of all molecules in the EM reactionary zones and programmed transfer of the quantum information into the reactionary zones for excitation of the resonance spectrums of the predetermined set of molecules by means of resonance laser radiation or by use of the system of resonance electro-magnetic and acoustic fields,which can be used as equivalents for excitation of the resonance spectrums of the predetermined set of molecules or micro-and nano-scale structures in the reactionary zones.

As a sources for excitation of the acoustic waves in the reactionary zones can be used the special kind of ring-shaped electric discharges,magnetostriction generators,reformative system of electro-magnetic pulses into the acoustic waves.Application of the piezoelectric effect can be considered as additional method for excitation of the acoustic waves in the reactionary zones.Influence on the reactionary zones with use of the acoustic waves,electromagnetic fields,resonance laser radiation and special kind of ring-shaped electric discharges is capable to excite the micro-scale self-organized wave patterns.In particular,programmed excitation of the standing waves in the EM liquid-viscous melt layer is possible.

Nano-sized additives will enhance self-organizing and selfsynchronization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks on the nanometer scale in the EM reactionary zones.Common advantages of the nano-sized additives are their great reactivity and ability of very fast chemical transformations.

Also,the micro-and nano-scale self-organized wave patterns can execute a role of virtual nano-sized energetic additives and can excite catalytic effects in the EM reactionary zones,instead of using of the special nano-sized energetic additives.These virtual additives could increase both the decomposition and the burning rate as well as enhance the combustion efficiency of the corresponding EM by changing the thermal conductivity,energy barrier of thermolysis,heat of reaction,and gas-phase reaction mechanisms of the main ingredients.Application of special kind of ring-shaped electric discharges demands the minimum expenses of energy and opens prospects for almost inertial-free control by combustion processes.

Such method of control can be organized with assistance of the neural network-based system.Neural network-based system allows to process,analyze and use the cymatics information-a set of image,acoustic,electro-magnetic and thermal hologrammes that are registered online in the EM reactionary zones.Through online retraining,the neural network-based system can provide precise optimization of the intra-chamber processes and thrust by accommodating of the reactionary zones self-organizing due to flight program and improving operating flexibility.The main advantages of the proposed approach consisted in the natural ability of neural networks in modeling nonlinear dynamics in a fast and simple way and in the possibility to address the process to be modeled as an input-output black box,with little or no mathematical information on the system.The suggested strategy opens new possibilities for enhanced operational capabilities of the next-generation solid propulsion systems.

9.Conclusions

Suggested novel strategy for control by micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks in the solid propellants reactionary zones is opening the door for completely new ways for enhanced extreme thrust control of the SPS.According our hypothesis the macro-scale phenomena at the solid propellants combustion are result of selforganizing and self-synchronization of the micro-and nano-scale oscillatory networks of the reactionary zones.This phenomenon can be understood within framework of universal laws of Cymatics.Self-organizing of the reactionary zones is essentially new level of self-organizing which is determined by achievement of critical spacial concentration of the micro/nano-structures.Self-organizing of the solid propellants reactionary zones is a keylink in the control methods by combustion regime.The new strategy of the enhanced extreme thrust control of the SPS are based on control by selforganization and by self-synchronization of the micro-and nanoscale oscillatory networks and self-organized patterns formation in the reactionary zones with use of the system of acoustic waves,electro-magnetic fields,resonance laser radiation and ring-shaped electric discharges.In our concept we propose the inertial-free control technology by reactionary zones which demands the minimum expenses of energy.Adaptive real-time control by selforganizing of the solid propellants reactionary zones opens new possibilities for development of new generation of the SPS with possibilities for extreme thrust control for precision maneuvers and attitude control.

Con flicts of interest

The author declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Western-Caucasus Research Center.