动词不定式考点聚焦

安徽省宿州市砀山县唐寨中学 翟晓侠

试 一 试 ——经典考题

品句填空

1.（2017·北京卷）Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______（save） their valuable time.

2.（2017·天津卷）I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train _____（catch）.

3.（2017·江苏卷）A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ______（shape） your year ahead.

4.（2017·全国乙卷）They are required _____（process）the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.

5.（2016·全国丙卷）Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal_____（create） special designs.

6.（2016·北京卷） ______（make） it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand.

7.（2016·全国甲卷） If you find something you love doing outside of the office,you’ll be less likely _____（bring）your work home.

8.（2015·福建卷） ________（learn） more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.

2.作宾语

（1）动词不定式常用在一些动词后作宾语。请牢记下面口诀：

希望学会下决心，拒绝计划不假装。

想方设法提请求，同意选择求帮忙。

即 wish／hope／expect,learn,decide／determine;refuse,plan,pretend;want,manage,offer,ask／demand;agree／promise,choose,beg,help.另外，happen,fail,afford,wait,threaten等动词后也要用动词不定式作宾语。

How they went to America is what Iwant to know.

他们如何到美国是我想知道的事情。

A new cinema is being built here.Theyhope to finishit next month.

这里正在建一家新的影院。他们希望下个月能完成它。

Ihappen to knowthe answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那个问题的答案。

（2）有些动词或短语后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。

记 一 记 ——精准考点

一、动词不定式的语法功能

1.作主语和表语

动词不定式作主语表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作；动词不定式作表语，说明主谓的内容。“be”后面的不定式和主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，表示“要做的事情”。

To swimin this river is dangerous.

在这条河里游泳是危险的。

Your work isto cleanthe room.

你的工作是打扫房间。

The sports meeting isto take placenext week.

运动会下周举行。

Heremembered being introducedto the girl at a party.

他记得在一次聚会上被介绍给了那个女孩。

I willremember to postthe letter for you.

我要记得给你寄信。

I don’tregret tellingher what I thought.

我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。

Iregret to haveto do this,but I have no choice.

我很遗憾必须这样去做，但我实在没办法。

（3） 在 learn,decide,know,wonder,tell,understand,explain,teach,advise,find out等词后常用“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语。

Iwonder what to donext.我想知道下一步做什么。

He drew a diagram toshow us how to getto his house.

他画了一张草图,告诉我们到他家该怎么走。

3.作补语

动词不定式作宾补，其动作多发生在句子谓语动词动作之后（具有“将来”的意义）。常用在ask,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,permit,request,order,warn,cause等动词后。

Our English teacher oftenencouragesusto learn English.

我们的英语老师经常鼓励我们学英语。

They don’tallowhimto parkin front of the supermarket.

他们不允许他在超市前停车。

注意：在see,watch,hear,observe,look at,notice,feel,have,make,let等动词后，如果表示经常性的动作或已经完成的动作，要用不带to的不定式。在被动语态中作主语补足语的动词不定式要加to。

Isawhimbreak intothe house.我看见他闯入了房子。

We oftenhearhertalk aboutyou.我们经常听到她谈论你。

She is often heardto singin the room.有人经常听到她在房间里唱歌。

4.作定语

不定式作定语多和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”，即被修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者；如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在其后面加上相应的介词。

I am hungry.Please give me somethingto eat.

我饿了，请给我些东西吃。

Brown has something importantto deal withat present.

目前布朗有重要的事情要处理。

注意：在last,first,second等表示顺序的词后要用动词不定式作定语。

Our monitor was thelastoneto leaveclassroom yesterday.

昨天我们班长是最后一个离开教室的。

5.作状语

动词不定式放在句首常作目的状语，放在only后作结果状语，放在表示“高兴、快乐、生气和遗憾”的形容词后作原因状语。

To sleep latein the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.

为了在早上多睡会，鲍勃关掉了闹钟。

He hurried to the cinemaonly to findthat all the tickets had been sold out.

他匆匆忙忙赶到电影院，结果却发现票售完了。

I am veryglad to knowyou are coming.

得知你要来，我非常高兴。

二、动词不定式的时态

意义一般式 其动作与句中的谓语动词同时发生或在其后发生进行式 其动作与句中的谓语动词同时发生完成式 其动作发生在句子谓语动词的动作之前主动语态 被动语态t o d o t o b e d o n e t o b e d o i n g——t o h a v e d o n e t o h a v e b e e n d o n e

动词不定式的一般式表示几乎和谓语同时发生或谓语动词之后发生的动作；不定式的完成式表示在谓语动词的动作之前发生；不定式的进行式表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。

You are saidto be writinga paper on pollution.据说你正在写篇关于污染的论文。

He thought it a pity notto have invitedus.

他认为没邀请我们是个遗憾。

学 一 学 ——高效方法

1.作目的状语,一般要用不定式。

When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there _______（train） for a space flight.

【答案与解析】to be trained语境：当问他为什么到那里去时，他说他被派往那里接受太空飞行训练。分析句子成分可知，所填的词作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。由于train和he有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用不定式的被动语态。

2.在名词后作定语时，表示动作尚未发生，要用动词不定式。

There are still many problems _______（solve） before we are ready for a long living on the Moon.

【答案与解析】to be solved 语境：在我们准备去月球上长期生活之前，这里还有很多问题有待解决。根据语境可知，很多问题还没有被解决，是表示将要发生的事情，所以使用不定式。而这些问题又是要被解决的，所以使用不定式的被动语态。

3.作结果状语,表示意外或不好的结果时，用动词不定式。

He hurried to the booking office only _______（tell）that all the tickets had been sold out.

【答案与解析】to be told 语境：他匆忙赶到了售票处，却被告知所有的票都售完了。分析句子成分可知，所填的词在句中作结果状语，由于是意想不到的结果，所以用动词不定式。he和tell有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用被动语态。

4.作定语，表示将要发生的被动的动作要用动词不定式的被动语态。

Will you attend the meeting _________（hold） next week?

【答案与解析】to be held语境：你会参加下周举行的会议吗？动词不定式作定语，根据时间状语可知，hold所表示的动作还没有发生，所以用动词不定式的被动语态。

用 一 用 ——能力提升

学习英语语法不能死记硬背一些语法规则，只有在口头或书面交流中灵活运用这些语法规则才能实现能力的提升。在书面表达中，恰当地使用动词不定式可以使所写的句子简练，并提升文章的档次。请看下面的例子：

1.表示目的，可用动词不定式来代替so that引导的目的状语从句。

（2017·全国乙卷） You’d better get a brief idea of the history of theTangDynasty beforehandso that you will have a better understanding of the poems.

→To have a better understanding of the poems,you’d better get a brief idea of the history of theTang Dynasty beforehand.

2.作定语时，可用动词不定式来代替定语从句。

（2017·全国甲卷）I am writing to invite you to go to the paper-cutting exhibitionwhich will be heldthis weekend in our school.

→I am writing to invite you to go to the paper-cutting exhibitionto be heldthis weekend in our school.

3.可以用动词不定式把复合句变为简单句。

It is said that the bookhas been translated intoseveral foreign languages.

→The book is saidto have been translated intoseveral foreign languages.

Little Tom pretended thathe was readingwhen his father came in.

→Little Tom pretendedto be readingwhen his father came in.

练 一 练 ——熟能生巧

品句填空

1.After receiving theOscarfor Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on ________（thank） all the people who had helped in her career.

2.It happened _______（snow） when I got off the train at Beijing Railway Station.

3.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable______ （hold）.

4.—Who is _______（blame） for the breakdown of the school computer network?

—I think Mary is.She has been in the computer room all morning.

5.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students_______（talk）over what is bothering them.

6._______（learn） more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.7.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good _______（breathe）.

8.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but the driver refused _______（stop） until we reached the next stop.

9.It took years of work _______（reduce） the industrial pollution and clean the water.

10.When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______（cool） the house during the hot day.

11_____.（make） it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand.

12.His brother is said ______（study） abroad,but I don’t know which country he studied in.