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阿尔梅勒羊舍

2018-09-21

世界建筑导报 2018年4期
关键词:山墙拐角牧羊人

阿尔梅勒市一共有80只羊。人们利用这些羊来应对阿尔梅勒市“vroege vogel”森林和“kromsloot”公园内生命力顽强的“老鼠簕属”或“熊尾草”等杂草。为了将这些羊集中圈养,需要建一个羊舍。

羊舍设计为非对称横截面。前侧是羊群居住区,相对较矮。后侧是干草存放区,高出中间通道,这样就将干草存放空间最大化,保证饲料充足。在羊舍左右两端底部有通风口,确保羊舍内部空气流通。

整个建筑尤为关键的一点,是羊舍正面与山墙连接的拐角之处。羊舍突出显示了其独特的横截面形状。正面较长,与后面干草存放区的山墙相连,形成拐角,因此正面墙也有一部分充当舍顶。

羊舍构架(松树)和覆盖层(西红杉)均由木材建造。只有拱形梁采用钢材。这样才能保证内部的管状结构牢固。如果同样采用木梁,内部牢固程度将会受到影响。整个羊舍一共有3个采光口,其中一个位于正面底部,接近地面,透过这扇窗,可以从外面看到羊舍内部。羊舍和办公室的直立墙以山毛榉胶合板覆盖。

整个羊舍的设计,都是为了方便市民或者学生来参观,近距离体验羊群的饲养方法。羊舍一端的二楼设计有牧羊人室以及一间小办公室。以方便牧羊人夜间休息。因为夜间有可能有母羊产仔,所以牧羊人要在这里守夜。羊舍内部及周边的相应工作会选用有社交心理障碍或精神疾病的人来负责,当然还有一些其他工作人员,这些人都由牧羊人监管。

除了以上功能,穆斯林群体也可以从这里购买羔羊,进行一年一度的祭祀仪式。

The city of Almere has a sheep population of about 80 sheep. The sheep are mobilized to keep the powerful weed “acanthus” or “bears-breech” that grows in the “vroege vogel” - forest and “kromsloot” -park in Almere under control. To centralize and house this population, a sheep stable was needed.

The stable is designed with an a-symmetrical homogeneous cross-section. The part of the building where the sheep reside is relatively low; the high part is situated above the (public) pathway and the hay storage section, making it possible to store a maximum amount of hay. This shape also creates a natural flow for the air inside the building, which is refreshed by two slits at the foot of each long side of the building.

The detailing of the corner of the building, where the long façade ends and the gable starts, is extremely important for the overall experience of the architecture of this building. It emphasizes the cross sectional shape of the building, and finishes the long façade of the building, which starts as a façade and slowly becomes roof.

The construction (pine) and cladding (Western Red Cedar) are made of wood. Only the curved girders are made of steel. This was done to emphasize the tube-like shape of the interior, which would have been less strong using twice as high wooden girders. The tube has three strategically placed daylight openings, of which one is close to the floor level, so people can look inside even when the building is closed. All vertical walls in the stable and office are clad with beech plywood.

The stable is designed to make it possible for the public or school classes to visit the building and experience the keeping of sheep up close. At one end of the building, on the second floor, a room for the shepherd and a small office is realised. There are sleeping facilities for the shepherd, who has to stay overnight in case any sheep are lambing. Work in and around the stable will be done by, amongst others, people who live with a mental social or psychiatric disability, supervised by the shepherd.

Apart from the public function, the Muslim community will be able to buy the lambs they need for yearly ritual purposes.

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