读洛夫，感悟宇宙之苍茫诗意

文查干 CHA Gan

今天的华语诗坛，因洛夫诗的存在而显得厚重。洛夫是我喜爱的大诗人之一，他的诗集是我案头读物、床头读物。每当夜深人静或心绪愁苦时，我首先想到并细细品读的就是他的诗作，因为那些作品，总能使我摆脱心灵困境，引我走向空灵与殷实。

少年时，刚识得些许汉字，就半生不熟、一知半解地去试读古典诗词，尤其唐代诗歌，刚一接触，就被它的博大与精美所吸引，欲罢不能，如痴如醉，为了读懂王维一首五言绝句，甚至深夜去敲一位师长之门，人家或许以为我有些神经质。这是没有办法的事，王维诗作那种无量之美和空灵通达的境界，不能不使人品读再三，精神昂奋。洛夫在继承和拓展古典诗词方面的探索，早已是领先在前了。初读洛诗的那一种喜悦之情，现在想来，真是不亚于初读盛唐之诗。这是我的独特感受，因为我是蒙古族，读汉文诗作的感觉，肯定与汉族读者有所不同。所以说，它一定有它的过人之处。

我以为，传统是无法完全回归的。你永远不会是李白、杜甫或者李清照，更不会是《诗经》中人。因为生活环境变了，生产方式变了，人的思维方式不可能不变，运作形式不可能不变。所以，谁谁回归了传统之类的说法，是欠推敲的，师承古典、发展古典这样一种说法，倒是合乎规律，也比较科学。洛夫的新诗，无论语言、意象、所造出来的气氛，都是现代的，崭新的，毫无陈旧之痕迹可寻，倒是它的骨子里渗透着古典诗词的深邃与精华。

读现代诗，很大的缺憾便是语言的粗糙和不练达，或过分民歌化，或过分译文化。读某些新诗，感受不到中华诗歌的味道，似在读没有译好的外国诗，是非茶、非咖啡的那一种，很令人失望。

读洛夫的诗，却很让人过瘾，纯粹的中国韵味，又不缺乏现代气息。他的精美短诗，可与古典名作媲美，极洗练而又很少瑕疵，变更其中任何一个字，都会对诗本身造成伤害，可以说，他是在追求语不惊人死不休的那一种境界。当我第一次读到他的小诗《金龙禅寺》 ，就被它的博大空灵和出人意料的哲思意象所震撼。我喜欢读禅诗，喜欢山寺中的宁静神秘的氛围，因为它可以洗涤人的心灵，可以去除人心里非人性的那一部分。在这里我们重温一下这首精品：

晚钟

是游客下山的小路

羊齿植物

沿着白色的石阶

一路嚼了下去

如果此处降雪

而只见

一只惊起的灰蝉

把山中的灯火

一盏盏地

点燃

洛夫

这简直是神来之笔，他运用晚钟、羊齿植物、雪、灰蝉、灯火这样一些常见之物，勾勒和营造出让人惊叹不已的诗的境界来，你能找出一个多余的字词吗？你能改动他的一字一语吗？晚钟，怎么会是游客下山的小路呢？看似不合理，却又天然合理，这里省略了极多笔墨，在意象的跳跃重组中，给读者展现出一个恬静幽美而旷大神秘的生活画面。而沿着白色石阶，一路嚼了下去的不是动物，而是植物，怪异又不怪异，有点魔幻意味，大大地出乎你的意料，使你的思维攀升到极高极阔的想象空间。“如果此处降雪”一句，突兀独立，更使你的联想上天入地。那么，如此神妙的山野之境中，谁来点燃那一盏盏的山野灯火呢？不是小和尚而是一只惊起的灰蝉，你看，这时的你，是置身在人世间呢？还是在仙境之中？你是食人间烟火的人呢？还是以爱拥抱人间的诗之神？真是妙不可言，真乃诗成泣鬼神。这使我想起唐人描写庐山夜色的小诗《远公龛》中的诗句：“松路向精舍，花龛归老僧。闲云随锡杖，落日低金绳。入夜翠微里，千峰明一灯。”记得我曾去过庐山并住在牯岭，晚上出来散步，惊人地发现了诗中所写到的“千峰明一灯”的那一景象，只是不晓得那是精舍之灯呢？还是别的什么灯？唐代许多描摹山水田园的高手，其诗作为后人所推崇。洛夫的《金龙禅寺》同样达到了这一高度。

可以说，洛夫短诗，首首皆精品，很难找出打造痕迹，自然天成充满智慧，因为它们极尽功夫。我尤为喜欢他的《长恨歌》《与李贺共饮》《边界望乡》《李白传奇》《车上读杜甫》《西湖二题》《走向王维》《石室之死亡》《杜甫草堂》《随雨声入山而不见雨》等诗作。总之，洛夫开辟了一条传统与现代相融相辅的可喜之路，这是华文新诗的荣耀，也是希望。

1979年，洛夫访问香港，诗人余光中陪他去边界落马洲遥望大陆，洛夫写下了震撼人心的《边界望乡》。近日洛夫先生去世后，有媒体报道，他在弥留之际还希望朋友帮他完成最后一个心愿——将自己的诗篇《边界望乡》刻成石碑，置放在深圳的公园。

这让我想起早些年，当我读到洛夫的《边界望乡》这首诗之后，心有感动，随手写了一首《致洛夫》的短诗，发在一家诗刊上，之后收在我的诗集《灵魂家园》里，现在抄录如下，作为此文的结尾，怀念洛夫先生：

我读你的《边界望乡》

也读你悲壮心态

你这位仁兄

从山野小径

爬上高速公路

走了那么辉煌那么遥远的路

而后又折回来

重新踏入山野小径

以生汗的手掌

抹去泪水

是一条硬汉子

开拓路

而后又选择路

创造了不少华丽词藻

而后又毫无足惜地

洗掉色彩

使心灵 回归自然

使诗 回归自然

憬悟的钟

敲了几下

就震得我从方格中猛然醒来

你站在我面前 说

老弟 看见没有

无色彩的

倒是富有色彩

The present Parnassus in China remains seems quite substantial due to the existence of Luofu, who is one of my favorite poets. His poetry collections are always by my desk and bedside.Whenever late at night or full of feelings of misery, my first thought followed by careful reading is his poetry,because those works can always get me out of the dilemma of the soul and lead me to emptiness and honesty.

When I was a teenager, I was in an unfamiliar and half-baked condition to read classic poetry just after learning a few Chinese characters. Especially the poetry of the Tang Dynasty, I was totally touched and attracted by its broadness and exquisiteness.I was intoxicated to even knock a teacher's doorat night with pure hope of understanding one of the five-word quatrains of WANG Wei,people may think I am a little neurotic.It is absolutely unsolvable as the realm of immeasurable beauty and ethereal spirit of WANG Wei’s poems are imperative to read more and more and inspiring. Mr. Luofu has long been ahead of others in terms of inheriting and expanding classical poetry. The joyful feelings of reading his poems for the first time are no less than that of the Tang Dynasty at the beginning.This is my unique feeling because I am a Mongolian. And my feeling of reading a Chinese poetry is definitely different from that of the Han readers. So, it must have its exclusive forte.

In my opinion, the tradition cannot be fully returned. You will never be LI Bai, DU Fu, or LI Qingzhao, nor will you be the man of the Book of Songs. Because the living environment has changed and the mode of production has changed, your way of thinking cannot be changed, and your mode of operation cannot be changed.Therefore, anyone’s returning to the tradition and such similar arguments lack of consideration. Such a theory that inheriting the classics and the development of the classical ones is not only in accordance with the law, but also more scientific.Mr. Luofu’s new poetry, regardless of language, imagery and atmosphere created, remains modern and brand-new, which has no trace of oldness. It is in its bones that permeate the depth and essence of classical poetry.

Upon reading the modern poetry, the greater imperfection is the coarseness and inexperience of language, which might be of excessive folklore or excessive translation.The taste of Chinese poetry could not be felt upon reading some new poems, which seems to be reading untranslated foreign poems, non-tea or noncoffee, very disappointing.

Reading Mr. Luofu'spoems is very addictive, pure Chinese charm, but no lack of modern flavor. His exquisite short poems are comparable to classical masterpieces, which are extremely simple and flawless. Changing any one of these words will harm the poem itself. In other words, he is in the realm of pursuing his own most impressive languages. When reading his poemGolden Dragon Templefor the first time,I was shocked by its broad emptiness and unexpected philosophical imagery. I like to read poetry concerning Zen and the quiet and mysterious atmosphere in the temple, as it can wash people's hearts and remove the part of human heart that is inhuman.

Let’s review this piece:

Evening bell

Are roads for tourists down the hills,

Fern plants

Along the white stone steps

Chewing down all the way

If snowfalls here

And only see

A startled gray cicada

Put the lights in the mountains

One after another

Ignite

This is exactly the magic of God. He employs common things,such as temples, night bells, ferns, snow, gray cicada and lights to outline and create an amazing world of poetry. Can you find a superfluous word?Can you change any of his words? How could the night bells be the path of a tourist going down the mountain?Seemingly unreasonable, but it was natural and reasonable as there was a great deal of description omitted here. In the leap and reorganization of images, the reader is shown a quiet and beautiful life with mystery.And along the white stone steps,it is not animals, but plants that chewing all the way, weird but not strange, and full of magic and greatly exceeding your expectations and making your mind climbing to an extremely high space of imagination. The sentence of "If snow falls here",unexpected and independent, makes your imagination into heaven.Then, who will ignite the wild light of the mountains in such a wonderful wilderness? It is not a young monk but a frightened gray cicada. As you may see, at this moment, are you in the world orstill in the Wonderland? Are you a common person or the god of poetry embracing the human being with passion?It is just so wonderful and indescribable.This reminds me of a poem of the Tang dynastyYuan Gong Shrine, which depicted the nightfall of Lushan Mountain: "The pine road leads to the noble house, and the flower shrine belongs to the old monk. Idle clouds flow freely, and the sunset looks golden in color. Into the deep night, a light was ignited amongst mountains."I remember that I had been to Lushan Mountain and lived in Yuling. I came out for a walk in the evening and was shocked to discover the scene of the "a light ignited amongst mountains" in the poem.I just didn't know if it was the light of the temple or others.The poems of many of the Tang Dynasty masters keen on the landscape are deeply respected by later generations. Mr. Luofu’sGolden Dragon Templehas also reached the same height.

It can be said that Luofu’s short poems are all outstanding, and it is difficult to find traces of creation accordingly which is full of wisdom after natural creation. I am especially deep into some of his works, includingSong of Everlasting Sorrow, Drink with LI He,Looking into Hometown by Border, Legend of LI Bai, Reading DU Fu by Carriage, Xi Hu Er Ti, Approaching WANG Wei, Death of Stone Room, Thatched Cottage of DU Fu, Rain-falling into the mountains without seeing the rainand etc. In general, Mr. Luofu has opened up a gratifying path that complements the tradition and the modern, which is the glory and hope of the new Chinese poetry.

In 1979, the poet YU Guangzhong accompanied him to the border,Lok Ma Chauto look into the mainland during his visit to Hong Kong, during which he wrote the shockingLooking into Hometown by Border. After the death of Mr. Luofu in the last few days, some media reported that he still hoped that his friend would help him to complete his last wish at the time of his stay- to engrave his own poemLooking into Hometown by Borderinto a stone monument and place it in a park in Shenzhen.

It reminds me of the early years. When I read Mr. Luofu's poemLooking into Hometown by Border, my heart was so touched,and I wrote a short poem "To Luofu" which has been published in a poetry periodical. After that, it was collected in my collection of poemsThe Soul Homeland. Now it is copied as follows as the end of this article in memory of Mr. Luofu:

I read yourLooking into Hometown by Border

Also read your tragic attitude

My dear friend

From the trail in wilderness

Climb into the highway

Walk the path of brilliance and distance

Then back again

Step back into the wilderness trail

With sweaty palms

Wipe away tears

As a tough guy

Explore the road

Then choose the way

Create a lot of gorgeous words

And then without any regret

Wash off color

Make the mind return to nature

Make the poems return to nature

Awakening the bell

Knocking a few times

So shocked that I suddenly wake up from the square

Stand before me, and say

My brother, can’t you see

Colorless

But full of color