To freshmen：hope and responsibility

精彩导读

在兴奋中期待，在目标中奋斗，新的学期我们更要想到我们肩上担当的梦想与责任。2009年9月8日，奥巴马在阿灵顿一所高级中学，面向全美，从幼儿园到12年级的学生发表电视开学演讲，以他和第一夫人——米歇尔·奥巴马等人的求学经历为例，鼓励学生不畏逆境、发奋学习，现在让我们一起在删减后的选文中来感受一下吧。

体裁 演说词 文章词数 7 8 8 难度指数 ★★★阅读立意 演讲中话题框架的展开；事例对于主题观点的支撑作用；通过排比等手法在演讲过程中与受众进行情感交流 建议用时 1 4′

And even when you're struggling， even when you're discouraged， and you feel like other people have given up on you，don't ever give up on yourself， because when you give up on yourself， you give up on your country.

—Barack Obama

即使当你苦苦挣扎、灰心丧气、感到其他人对你放弃时，也不要放弃自己，因为当你放弃自己时，你也抛弃了自己的国家。

——巴拉克·奥巴马

So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school.But I'm here today because I have something important to discuss with you.I'm here because I want to talk with you about your education and what's expected of all of you in this new school year.

I've given a lot of speeches about education.And I've talked about responsibility a lot.

I've talked about teachers'responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn.

I've talked about your parents'responsibility for making sure you stay on track,and you get your homework done and don't spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox.

I've talked a lot about your government's responsibility for setting high standards，and supporting teachers and principals，and turning around schools that aren't working where students aren't getting the opportunities that they deserve.

I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself.What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country.The future of America①depends on you.What you're learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can②meet our greatest challenges in the future.

You'll need the knowledge and③problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS，and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment.You'll④need the insights洞悉and critical-thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to fight poverty and homelessness，crime and discrimination，and make our nation more fair and more free.You'll need the creativity and ingenuity聪明才智you develop in all your classes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost使增长our economy.

My father left my family when I was two years old，and I was raised by a single mom who had to work and who struggled at times to pay the bills and wasn't always able to give us the things that other kids had.So I wasn't always as focused as I should have been on school，and I did some things I'm not proud of，and I got in more trouble than I should have.And my life could have easily⑤taken a turn for the worse.

But I was...I was lucky.I got a lot of second chances， and I⑥had the opportunity to go to college and law school and⑦follow my dreams.My wife， our First Lady Michelle Obama，she has a similar story.Neither of her parents had gone to college，and they didn't have a lot of money.But they worked hard，and she worked hard，so that she could go to the best schools in this country.

You make your own future.That's what young people like you are doing every day，all across America.Young people like Jazmin Perez， from Roma， Texas.Jazmin didn't speak English when she first started school.Neither of her parents had gone to college.But she worked hard，⑧earned good grades， and⑨got a scholarship to Brown University—⑩is now in graduate school， studying public health，on her way to becoming Dr.Jazmin Perez.

I'm thinking about Andoni Schultz， from Los Altos，California，who's fought brain cancer since he was three.He'shadtoendureallsortsof treatments and surgeries外科手术，one of which affected his memory，so it took him much longer—hundreds of extra hours—to do his schoolwork.But he never fell behind.He's headed to college this fall.

And then there's Shantell Steve，from my hometown of Chicago， Illinois.Even when bouncing弹跳from foster养父母home to foster home in the toughest neighborhoods in the city， she managed to get a job at a local health care center，start a program to11○keep young people out of gangs帮派， and she's on track to graduate highschool with honors and go on to college.

And Jazmin， Andoni， and Shantell aren't any different from any of you.They face challenges in their lives just like you do.In some cases,they've got it a lot12○worse off than many of you.But they refused to give up.They chose to13○take responsibility for their lives， for their edu-

阅读扫障

Ⅰ.熟词生义cation，and set goals for themselves.And I expect all of you to do the same.

That's why today I'm14○calling on each of you to15○set your own goals for your education,and16○do everything you can to meet them.Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework，paying attention in class，or spending some time each day reading a book.

立意呈现

根据文章内容，填词成篇，每空一词。

In this 1._______，The former President Obama talked about the 2.______the teachers， parents， the 3.______and students should have.Students also should think about what they will 4.______to learn in school，which determines whether they can meet the greatest 5.______in the future.Many 6.______are offered in the speech to inspire students to take 7.______for their lives， for their 8.______， and set 9.______for themselves.Of course，President Obama and his wife's 10.______are also mentioned.

点石成金：整个演讲信息顺序得当，脉络清晰流畅，演讲口语化以及奥巴马总统用词亲民的特点，都有助于同学们的理解。阅读演讲的文章，可以分析文章话题框架：话题引入（责任）——话题展开（全面学习，迎接挑战）——话题具体论证（呈现事例）——话题结尾。事例的概括要简洁扼要，突出重点。请多关注例子的关联性、共同性。希望同学们通过阅读此篇演讲，可以感悟演讲语言风格、话题的开展、事例概括以及事例证明演讲观点的方法。

文中词条 基本含义 引申含义 生义例句T h i s d e v e l o p m e n t c o u l d p u s h t h e c o u n t r y i n t o r e c e s s i o n.这种发展趋势可能会使国家陷入萧条。t r a c k（P a r a.4） （人踩出的）小道；小径 b e o n t r a c k步入正轨 C u r t i s i s o n t r a c k f o r t h e g o l d m e d a l.柯蒂斯正踏上夺取金牌之路。r a i s e（P a r a.8） 提升；举起；提起 抚养；养育；培养 T h e y w e r e b o t h r a i s e d i n t h e s o u t h.他们俩都是在南方长大的。p u s h（P a r a.3） 推动（人或物）；移动（身体部位）推动；促使（达到某程度或状态）

Ⅱ.热词积累

Vocabulary

1.deserve v.to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have值得；应得；应受

2.poverty n.the state of being poor贫穷；贫困

3.discrimination n.the practice of treating sb or a particular group in society less fairly than others区别对待；歧视；偏袒

4.endure v.to experience and deal with something that is painful or unpleasant，especially without complaining忍耐；忍受

5.tough adj.difficult to do or to deal with艰苦的;艰难的；棘手的

6.honor n.high respect； as that shown for special merit；esteem尊敬；对特殊美德的高度尊重；尊重

Phrases

1.depend on取决于

2.meet one's greatest challenges in the future迎接某人未来最大的挑战

3.problem-solving skills解决问题的办法

4.need the insights and critical-thinking skills需要洞察力和批判性思维能力

5.take a turn for the worse使情况恶化

6.have the opportunity to go有机会去

7.follow one's dreams追随某人的梦想

8.earn good grades取得好成绩

9.get a scholarship获得奖学金

10.be on one's way to doing sth在做某事的路上

11.keep sb out of使某人远离

12.worse off变得更穷困；变得更糟

13.take responsibility承担责任

14.call on sb to do号召某人去做

15.set one's own goals设定某人自己的目标

16.do everything sb can to尽某人所能

Ⅲ.读后创写

写作技能——概括事例支撑观点：观点+事例+总结

1.这是一个古老而著名的中国成语故事，它激励我们不管面临什么情况都要坚定地前行。（whatever）

2.这孩子穷得连蜡烛都买不起，于是他在墙上钻了个洞，借邻居家的光线晚上看书。（who）

3.这个故事的寓意：不遗余力地获取知识，无论情况有多困难，都不要轻易泄气。（no matter how）

阅读赏析

演讲之排比结构

排比结构是指结构相同或相似、意义密切相关、语气一致的句子，或词组成串排列的语言现象。由于排比结构形式，原创内容联系紧密，读起来声调铿锵有力，表达强烈的感情形成均衡美。语篇中排比结构的使用，既可以起到连句成篇的作用，又能起到篇章纽带的作用。

在演讲中，我们使用事例时要层层深入，语言连贯；其次，从句子段落的衔接来看，这种排比结构也起到连接成篇的作用。

1.We believe that the ultimate decency is to help men and never harm men， to lift men and not degrade men，and to respect the dignity of all men as individual human beings.

我们坚信，正义最终是为了帮助人类，而绝非伤害；为了提升人类，而非羞辱；为了像尊重个人一样尊重所有人的尊严。

2.We learn by what we see—pay attention， by what we hear—be a good listener.Now I do suggest being a selective listener，don't just let anybody dump into your mental factory.We learn from what we read.Learn from every source， learn from lectures， learn from songs， learn from sermons，learn from conversations with people who care.Keep learning.

我们可通过眼见之事来学习——故要留心观察；可通过耳闻之事来学习——故要用心倾听。在此，我建议你一定要有选择地倾听，不要随便往你的“大脑工厂”里倾倒垃圾。从书中学，从各种信息来源中学，从演讲中学，从歌曲中学，从训诫中学，从与别人的交谈中学。学无止境。

主题应用·语库构建

Ⅰ.热词积累

正能量

1．be absorbed/buried/occupied in...全神贯注于……；专心致志于……

2．be occupied with 忙于；专心于

3.go over复习

4.go through浏览；翻阅

5.have a good command/knowledge of精通

6.keep...in mind记住……

7.make an effort to do sth努力去做某事

8.make progress取得进步

9.make it通过；成功

10.achieve success获得成功

11.figure out理解；明白；计算

12．catch up with 赶上

13.scholarship n．奖学金

14.pay off取得成功

15．make up one's mind 做出决定；下决心

16．on schedule 按时

17．participate in 参加

18．turn/hand in 上交

19.refer to参考；查阅；提到；涉及

20．spare no effort to do sth不遗余力去做某事

21.be punctual for classes准时上课

22.receive the high school diploma获得高中文凭

23.strict regulations严格的规定

24.after graduation毕业后

负能量

1.ask for leave请假

2.be absent from缺席

3.drop out of school退学；辍学

4.fall behind落后

5.fail the exam考试失败

6.absence of mind心不在焉；魂不守舍

7.cheat in the exam考试作弊

8.be blamed for因……而受到责备

9.be punished for因……而受惩罚

10.be forbidden to do被禁止做

11.allow sb to do允许某人（去）做

校园活动

1.feel confident感觉很自信

2.open a debate开始辩论

3.discuss with sb about sth与某人讨论某事

4.encouragement n．鼓励

5.memory n．回忆；记忆

6.observe v．观察；监视；观测

7.do/make/perform/carry out an experiment做实验

8.put forward提出

9.take an active part in积极参加

10.play football， basketball， volleyball， table tennis 踢足球、打篮球、打排球、打乒乓球

11.help students develop these social skills帮助学生发展这些社交技能

12.study the structure of leaves under the microscope研究显微镜下的叶片结构

13.during scientific experiments在科学实验中

14.team up with...与……合作；与……协作

15.go to the Computer Club去电脑俱乐部

16.during the lunch break午休期间

17.tell us about the rules of the school告诉我们学校的规章制度

18.attend an assembly in the school hall参加在学校大厅举行的集会

19.the average size正常规模；通常大小

师生关系

1.be strict with...对……要求严格

2.my favourite teacher我最喜欢的老师

3.explain English grammar so clearly把英语语法解释得如此清楚

4.kind and patient善良与耐心

5.take care of照顾

6.share happiness and sadness分享快乐和悲伤

7.send E-mails to发送电子邮件到

8.under the umbrella of...在……保护下

9.under the guidance在指导下

10.with the assistance of...在……的帮助下

11.be touched/moved by被触动/感动

12.inspire/encourage/motivate sb to do激励某人去做

13.help sb overcome the difficulties帮助某人克服困难

14.face the music承担后果；面对不愉快的局面

15.feel nervous/anxious感到紧张/焦虑

16.can't wait to do等不及要做

17.cheer up （使）高兴起来；（使）振作起来

Ⅱ.美句背诵

校园生活玩得转

1.Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyableandexcitingexperienceforme.(牛津M1U1Reading)

2.We start school at 7:50 am and we finish at 3 pm.I take part in all kinds of after-school activities.(外研版 Book 1 Module 1)

3.Meanwhile， I find myself looking back at my senior year，and thinking about all the wonderful things that have happened.(外研版 Book 7 Module 2)

4.To help students develop these social skills，schools offer a large number of after-school activities， in other words，activities that take place outside classroom lessons.

师恩难忘点滴间

1.I felt lucky，as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects...(牛津M1U1Reading)

2.He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to studying and achieving high grades.(牛津M1U1Reading)

3.He talks loudly and fast and waves his hands about a lot when he gets excited.（外研版 Book 1 Module 1)

4.He's really amusing and tells jokeswhen he thinks we're getting bored.（外研版 Book 1 Module 1)

5.In many European countries， for example， the relationship between teachers and students is quite formal.(外研版Book 1 Module 1)

6.We had a dynamic English teacher，a bachelor who had plenty of time for us boys and inspired my life-long love of literature.

7.There was also a teacher of botanical science，who introduced me to my passion for flowers and plants.(外研版Book 7 Module 2)

Ⅲ.读后创写

2017年12月3日The Daily Telegraph刊登了一篇文章，报道3，000名治疗专家走进英国教室，切实解决英国校园学生面临的越来越多的精神压力和心理健康问题。

你作为学校记者团成员，用英语写了一篇分析文章，投稿英语学习专栏。写作提纲：

1.30个字概括事件；

2.分析中国青少年心理关注的现状；

3.给出建议。

思路导引

段落思维 切入视角 关键表达第一部分：事件概述●W h o●H o w●W h y●h e a l t h p r o f e s s i o n a l s●b e t r a i n e d t o g o i n g t o B r i t a i n c l a s s r o o m s●t o s o l v e t h e p r o b l e m s o f t r o u b l e d c h i l d r e n第二部分：现状分析●角度一：学业压力(竞争激烈、学习压力、感到焦虑、糟糕的学业表现、未能适应新的学校生活)●角度二：校内人际压力（校园霸凌、教师的批评、与同学关系不好……）●角度三：校外缺少关爱(缺少父母的关心、缺少温暖和关爱、没有沟通的机会……)●f i e r c e c o m p e t i t i o n， s t u d y p r e s s u r e， f e e l a n x i o u s，p o o r a c a d e m i c p e r f o r m a n c e，f a i l t o a d a p t t o n e w s c h o o l l i f e●s c h o o l b u l l y i n g， t h e c r i t i c i s m f r o m t e a c h e r s， b a d r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h c l a s s m a t e s●a b s e n c e o f p a r e n t s'c o m p a n y， l a c k w a r m t h a n d c a r e，h a v e n o c h a n c e s t o c o m m u n i c a t i o n第三部分：个人建议与期望●自身方面：加强沟通（与朋友多谈话、参加学校活动……）●他人方面：父母和老师多关爱●个人期待：各方面共同努力●t a l k m o r e w i t h f r i e n d s， t a k e p a r t i n s c h o o l a c t i v i t i e s●e n c o u r a g e m e n t a n d c a r e f r o m p a r e n t s a n d t e a c h e r s●m a k e j o i n t e f f o r t s

小贴士

提建议时可使用的句型

It's essential/important/a good idea to do...……是必须的/重要的/一个好主意

A good suggestion is that...一个好的建议是……I think that...我认为……

You might as well....你最好……

It is wise of you to do...你……是明智的