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妊娠合并心脏病内科干预治疗的临床分析

2018-09-03庞艳春康锐

中外医疗 2018年12期
关键词:临床治疗效果妊娠结局

庞艳春 康锐

[摘要] 目的 觀察并探讨妊娠合并心脏病内科干预治疗的临床疗效。 方法 方便选取2016年12月—2017年12月期间来冠县人民医院就诊的妊娠合并心脏病患者68例,所有患者均给予内科干预治疗,分析并比较不同妊娠时期接受内科干预治疗的所有患者的临床治疗效果。 结果 所有患者中有58例患者在妊娠早期及妊娠中期进行内科诊断及治疗,大部分患者的心脏功能控制在Ⅰ~Ⅱ级范围内,早产4例,无围生儿死亡,4例胎儿宫内发育迟缓,无孕产妇死亡。有10例患者妊娠晚期接受内科干预治疗,大部分患者的心脏功能控制在Ⅲ~Ⅳ级范围内,早产4例,6例胎儿宫内发育迟缓,2例孕早期人工流产,1例孕产妇死亡。41例孕早期患者中有40例心脏功能为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,1例心脏功能为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级,17例孕中期患者中有15例心脏功能为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,2例心脏功能为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级,10例孕晚期患者中有3例心脏功能为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,7例心脏功能为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级。Ⅰ~Ⅱ级孕产妇死亡率为0.00%、胎儿宫内发育迟缓率为6.90%,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级孕产妇死亡率为10.00%、胎儿宫内发育迟缓率为60.00%。心功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ级患者母婴死亡率、胎儿宫内发育迟缓显著低于心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的患者,结果比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.583 3、8.235 1、6.501 7, P=0.008,0.009,0.008)。 结论 妊娠合并心脏病是造成母婴死亡的重要因素之一,在我国孕产妇死亡顺位中居于第2位,位居非直接产科死亡原因的首位。妊娠合并心脏病患者治疗期间医护人员需要加强孕前咨询,孕期密切监测患者生命特征,按照患者心脏病严重程度、种类以及心功能分级采取早期内科治疗,并选择科学合理的分娩方式,能够显著降低母婴死亡率,确保母婴生命安全,促进生活质量得到显著提升,内科干预治疗值得在临床上推广应用。

[关键词] 内科干预;妊娠合并心脏病;临床治疗效果;妊娠结局

[中图分类号] R5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)04(c)-0004-03

Clinical Analysis of Interventional Therapy in the Department of Internal Medicine of Pregnancy Associated with Cardiac Disease

PANG Yan-chun1, KANG Rui2

1.Department of Obstetrics, Guanxian Peoples Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, 252500 China;2.Department of Cardiology, Guanxian Central Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, 252500 China

[Abstract] Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of interventional therapy in the department of internal medicine of pregnancy associated with cardiac disease. Methods 68 cases of patients with pregnancy associated with cardiac disease diagnosed in Guanxian People's Aospital from December 2016 to December 2017 were conveniently selected, and all patients used the interventional therapy in the department of internal medicine, and the clinical treatment effect of all patients in different gestational periods was analyzed and compared. Results 58 cases of patients were for diagnosis and treatment in the department of internal medicine during the early and middle pregnancy periods, and the cardiac function of the majority of patients was controlled between level I and level II, and there were 4 cases with premature delivery, and no delivery women died, 10 cases received the intervention in the department of internal medicine during the advanced pregnancy, and the cardiac function of most patients was controlled between level III and level Ⅳ, and there were 4 cases with premature, 6 cases with intrauterine development retardation, 2 cases with early induced abortion, 1 case died, of 41 cases in the early pregnancy, the cardiac function of 40 cases was between level I and level II, and the cardiac function of 1 case was between level III and level Ⅳ, and of 17 cases during the middle pregnancy, the cardiac function of 15 cases was between level I and level II, and the cardiac function of 2 cases was between level III and level Ⅳ, and of 10 cases during the advanced pregnancy, the cardiac function of 3 cases was between level I and level II, and the cardiac function of 7 cases was between level III and level Ⅳ, and the death rate and intrauterine growth retardation of fetuses of delivery women during level I and level II were respectively 0.00% and 6.90%, and the death rate and intrauterine growth retardation of fetuses of delivery women during level III and level Ⅳ were respectively 10.00% and 60.00%, and the maternal and infant morbidity and intrauterine growth retardation of fetuses of patients whose cardiac function was between level I and level II were obviously lower than those of patients whose cardiac function was between level III and level Ⅳ,and the differences between groups were statistically significant(χ2=7.583 3、8.235 1、6.501 7,P=0.008,0.009,0.008). Conclusion The pregnancy associated with cardiac disease is an important factor of maternal and infant death, which is in the second place in the death causes of the delivery women and in the first place in the indirect death causes in the department of obstetrics, and the medical staff need to enhance the consultation before pregnancy during the treatment, closely monitor the vital signs of patients during the pregnancy, and conduct the early treatment in the department of internal medicine according the severity degree and type of cardiac disease and cardiac function classification, and select the scientific and rational delivery method, and it can obviously reduce the maternal and infant death rate, ensure the life security of mothers and infants, and promote the obvious improvement of quality of life, and it is worth clinical promotion and application in the intervention treatment in the department of internal medicine.

[Key words] Intervention in the department of internal medicine; Pregnancy associated with cardiac disease; Clinical treatment effect; Gestational outcome

在临床治疗中妊娠合并心脏病是十分严重的合并症,是造成孕产妇及新生儿死亡的重要因素[1]。母体对循环血量及所需氧气随着妊娠发展及母体代谢的增加而增加,与此同时子宫明显增大,膈肌上升造成心脏左上移位,导致患者血液容量显著增多,加重心脏负荷,孕产妇分娩时全身骨骼肌及子宫收缩造成大量血液涌向心脏,分娩后循环血液流量显著增加,很容易造成病变心脏出现心力衰竭[2]。由于长期慢性缺氧,导致胎儿窘迫或者宫内发育不良,妊娠合并心脏病出现该情况在临床上较为常见[3]。主要有气短、胸闷、心悸等临床表现,脉搏每分钟高达110次以上,甚至严重时会出现粉红色泡沫样痰、咳嗽、咯血等症状[4]。除此之外,孕产妇心功能严重不足时,会导致胎儿处于不良生长环境,通常情况下会采取提前终止妊娠,导致医源性早产[5]。该研究方便选取2016年12月—2017年12月期间来该院就诊的妊娠合并心脏病患者68例,所有患者均给予内科干预治疗,分析并比较不同妊娠时期接受内科干预治疗的所有患者的临床治疗效果,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

方便选取来该院就诊的妊娠合并心脏病患者68例,所有患者均给予内科干预治疗,年龄在22~36岁范围内,平均年龄为(28.24±3.85)歲,孕周在25~41周范围内,平均孕周为(38.51±2.14)周。所有患者均符合医院感染的临床诊断标准,并得到患者、家属的许可及伦理委员会的批准,两组患者在性别、年龄等一般资料比较上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 方法

所有患者均给予心电图、心脏彩超、心肌酶学、二24 h动态心电图、心功能评估以及心肌标志物等常规检查,并应用内科学心功能分类法,所有患者均采取系统监护。所有患者中有41例在孕12周之前给予内科干预于治疗,17例患者孕周在12~28周以内采取内科干预治疗,10例患者孕周在28周以后采取内科干预治疗。

1.3 统计方法

采用SPSS 16.0统计学软件进行文本数据分析与处理,用(%)表示计数资料,行χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 患者妊娠合并心脏病类型

所有患者中有28例(41.18%)心律失常患者,14例(20.59%)风湿性心脏病患者,10例(14.71%)先天性心脏病患者、8例(11.76%)心肌炎患者,5例(7.35%)妊娠高血压心脏病患者,3例(4.41%)甲状腺功能亢进心脏病患者,见表1。

2.2 内科干预不同时期对患者心功能改善的影响

58例患者在妊娠早期及妊娠中期进行内科诊断及治疗,大部分患者的心脏功能控制在Ⅰ~Ⅱ级范围内,有10例患者妊娠晚期接受内科干预治疗,大部分患者的心脏功能控制在Ⅲ~Ⅳ级范围内。见表2。

2.3 不同分娩孕周、心功能分级以及并发症情况比较

58例患者在妊娠早期及妊娠中期进行内科诊断及治疗,早产4例,无围生儿死亡,4例胎儿宫内发育迟缓,无孕产妇死亡。10例患者妊娠晚期接受内科干预治疗,4例早产,6例胎儿宫内发育迟缓,2例孕早期人工流产,1例孕产妇死亡。心功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ级患者母婴死亡率、胎儿宫内发育迟缓显著低于心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的患者,结果比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.538 8,8.235 1, 6.501 7,P=0.008、0.009、0.008)。见表3。

3 讨论

大部分妊娠合并心脏病患者为先天性,患者心脏能否负荷分娩或者能够负荷妊娠,与疾病种类无紧密联系性,主要由心脏代偿功能决定[6]。按照患者负荷体力通常分为4级,1级为正常活动不受限;2级为正常活动稍微受限,休息时无不适感,活动中容易出现气急及心跳;3级为正常活动受限很大,休息时无不适感但稍微活动立即会出现心跳及气急;4级为任何活动都会立即感到不适,休息时仍然会感到气急及心跳,存在心衰[7]。围生儿及孕产妇相关并发症影响主要是因为心功能患者血液循环不足引发,组织器官灌注较低,且患者机体处于低氧状态,直接影响了胎儿的正常生长发育,心功能不全严重患者应当抢救孕产妇生命为主[8]。临床治疗妊娠合并心脏病患者,关键在于减轻患者心脏负荷,确保心脏正常泵血功能的维持,避免出现感染性肺水肿、心力衰竭、急性肺水肿或以及细菌性内膜炎等并发症[9]。患者在产前若诊断出妊娠合并心脏病,需要立即给予内科干预治疗,心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级患者要去除病因,可应用小剂量正性肌力药物治疗,确保母婴生命安全[10]。

在高廷孝等人[11]撰写的《心脏病类型和心功能状态对妊娠合并心脏病患者母儿预后的影响》一文中,患者在妊娠早期及妊娠中期进行内科诊断及治疗,大部分心脏功能控制在Ⅰ~Ⅱ级范围内,患者妊娠晚期接受内科干预治疗,大部分心脏功能控制在Ⅲ~Ⅳ级范围内,与该文结果相一致。在王妍等人[12]撰写的《455例妊娠合并心脏病患者不同心功能状况对妊娠结局的影响》一文中,妊娠合并心律失常患者心功能均为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,妊娠合并先天性心脏病患者心功能为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级者为135例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级为5例,心功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ级患者母婴死亡率、胎儿宫内发育迟缓显著低于心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的患者,该研究中41例孕早期患者中有40例心脏功能为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,1例心脏功能为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级,17例孕中期患者中有15例心脏功能为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,2例心脏功能为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级,10例孕晚期患者中有3例心脏功能为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,7例心脏功能为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级,该文结果与其相一致。

综上所述,妊娠合并心脏病是造成母婴死亡的重要因素之一,在我国孕产妇死亡顺位中居于第二位,位居非直接产科死亡原因的首位。妊娠合并心脏病患者治疗期间医护人员需要加强孕前咨询,孕期密切监测患者生命特征,按照患者心脏病严重程度、种类以及心功能分级采取早期内科治疗,并选择科学合理的分娩方式,能够显著降低母婴死亡率,确保母婴生命安全,促进生活质量得到显著提升,内科干预治疗值得在临床上推广应用。

[参考文献]

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[4] 李斌,赵文增,陈兴澎.妊娠合并心脏病患者左心室结构及功能与血清MMP-1及TIMP-1水平相关性研究[J].中国妇幼保健,2014,29(1):14-17.

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[6] 靳晴,陈雪蓉,牛兆仪,等.妊娠合并心脏病患者不同心功能状态对心脏不良事件和妊娠结局的影响[J].实用临床医药杂志,2016,20(7):192-194.

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[8] 关怀,尚丽新.妊娠合并心脏病的诊断和治疗[J].人民军医,2015,58(8):963-966.

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[12] 王妍,杨孜,张龑,等.455例妊娠合并心脏病患者不同心功能状况对妊娠结局的影响[J].中国妇产科临床杂志,2009, 10(6):430-432.

(收稿日期:2018-01-21)

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