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核心素养背景下高中英语写作有效拓展指导初探

2018-08-15江碧霞

校园英语·下旬 2018年3期
关键词:要点题目高中英语

江碧霞

【摘要】在高中英语教学中,写作,是思维品质和语言能力输出的重要载体之一。在现行的应用文写作中,高中英语学习者如何在题目有限的信息里,有效地进行加工、拓展,使文章的谋篇布局更合理,重点更突出,是教师们在作文指导中不断钻研的问题。

【关键词】高中英语作文;有效拓展

一、实践的背景和意义

高中英语写作,是学生思维品质和语言能力的重要输出载体,是衡量英语教学有效性的重要手段之一。一节有针对性的作文评讲课,效果超过了一次甚至多次的写作练习。然而当今很多高中英语作文评讲课,仍然停留在词汇拼写和语法的纠错,以及高级词汇句式的提升上。对于在写作内容上无法有效拓展的学生来说,难以有实际的帮助。

核心素养对学生的思维品质提出了更高的要求,因此,笔者在两年的高三实践中,通过对高中英语作文的有效拓展方面的评讲与指导,探究适合不同层次的学生的作文指导方法。

二、指导过程

以高三某一次段考的英语作文评讲为例:

题目:假定你是李华,与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店,因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件,内容包括:1.表示歉意;2.说明原因;3.另约时间。(开头和结尾已给出)

该篇作文题目的字数相当少,写作内容大部分是以要点而不是句子的形式出现。文章中需要提到的信息点分别是“不能赴约”、“表达歉意”、“说明原因”“另约时间”。然而,年级整体完成的质量并不理想。

在这篇作文的指导课上,教师首先选取了两篇学生的习作。并让全班同学对这两篇作文进行讨论和评分。选取的习作如下:

(1)Dear Bob,

How are you, my dear exchange student Bob? I planned to go to the book store with you this Saturday afternoon. However, something happened all of a sudden and I have to say sorry that I cant go with you. Im terribly sorry but my English teacher asks me to attend a debate training class on Saturday afternoon, which is a preparation for the contest next week. It is so important that I cant miss. You know, debating has been my favorite and winning in the debating competition has been my dream. You are such a considerate person that you will understand me, right? To make up for it, I will treat you a feast. Shall we make it next weekend? I will give you some gifts to make up for my fault. Looking forward to your reply.

(2)Dear Bob,

Im sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Saturday afternoon. Im writing to say sorry to you. My monitor has informed me that our class will hold a welcome party to a new student this Saturday afternoon. Everyone must attend. Shall we meet at 9 am on Sunday morning? If you can, please let me know. Looking forward to your reply.

在第一輪讨论中,绝大部分学生认为第一篇词汇和句式丰富,表达高级。而第二篇则给很低分,原因是太过简单。没有相对高级的词汇和句型。此时,教师再让学生们观察两篇作文是否紧扣题目要点,学生则再次讨论。第二轮的讨论中,给分结果出现了很大的不同。对第一篇作文的评分降到了15、14分。理由是废话太多,偏离重点。本该作为重点的“不能赴约”的原因不够突出。

1.区别有效拓展和无效拓展。教师让学生们在第一篇中选出写作的“无效拓展”的句子,分别是第二段的三、四、五句。这些文字与解释原因或表达歉意没有直接的关系,导致与上下文不能紧密衔接。而在第二篇作文中,作者像是简单地翻译了题目要求的要点,但是没有进行与要点相关的必要的说明和过渡,显得生硬冷漠。

为了让学生更明确有效拓展和无效拓展的区别,教师给出了第二篇作文,题目如下:

假定你是李华,暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职,已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Mr Jenkins 写信,请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。

教师首先让学生分组讨论,说出这篇文章需要写到的要点和详略分布。接着,教师给出以下8个句子,让学生筛选出他们认为的有效拓展,该步骤同样以小组讨论的方式进行。

①I like to travel to as many places as I can to broaden my horizons. To make enough money to pay for the travel, Id like to take a part-time job this summer. ②Ive found a company which deals with foreign trades on line. I think it a good chance to get to know people of different backgrounds.③I am attracted by a company dealing with foreign trades and have written an application form as well as my personal resume, hoping to get the position.④You have been my foreign teacher for 2 years and you helped me a lot in English in the past. You never turn down any student when you are asked for help.⑤However, Im afraid that there might be some grammar mistakes or inappropriate format in the materials that I prepared.⑥Would you please spare some time to correct mistakes in the letter and the format for me? ⑦If I succeed in getting the job, I would treat you to a feast!

通过激烈的讨论,各组的学生纷纷发言,综合学生的观点,这篇作文是一篇求助型的应用文,“为什么要求助”是全文的重点。根据以上同学的观点,学生们选出的有效信息分别是3、5、6。经过以上步骤,学生深化了对英语作文“有效拓展”和“无效拓展”的理解。并在讨论结果的基础上对文章的几个关键词在“是什么”、“为什么”、“怎样”几个方面进行了稍微的补充。

2.学生互评,检验效果。在课后,教师在上过该指导课的班和没上过该指导课的班布置了一篇作文,并要求学生互评。

假定你是李华。你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友Eric写封邮件邀请他加入,内容包括:(1)球队的日常活动;(2)报名方式及截止日期。

学生习作及学生评价:

Dear Eric,

Im Li Hua. You always say I am stronger than you. Thats because I have been playing table tennis for 5 years. Now the Table Tennis Team in our school is recruiting new members. I remember you said you wanted to do some sports after school. I think it a good chance for you. As you know, practice makes perfect. If you keep on doing this, I think some day you will be as strong as me. I think it is really helpful to improve your health. If you want to sign up, must sign up before this weekend.

修改意見及评分:(1)删去2、3、5、8句。这三句与吸引Eric报名乒乓球队无直接关系,属于无效拓展。建议改为“I know you have been interested in table tennis.”这样不仅能让对方更容易接受,也与下文衔接更紧密。(2)球队的日常活动笔墨太少,不足以让对方了解乒乓球队。建议增加内容,比如训练或比赛的安排等。(3)第三段没有写报名方式,内容不完整。

从以上同学的修改意见可以看出,在作文有效拓展的评讲课后,学生对作文要点的详略把握有了一定提升,懂得分析题目要点,根据人物关系合理安排拓展内容。这样的评讲,才能有助于思维层面的提高。

参考文献:

[1]邵丹.关于英语写作教学的几点思考[J].科学大众,2011.3.

[2]王蔷.从综合语言运用能力到英语学科核心素养——高中英语课程改革的新挑战[J].英语教师,2015,(16).

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