中考考点归纳与链接

★代词it， one， that的用法区别

1. 它们均作代词指代前文提到的名词。但it所指的是同名同物，one和that所指是同名异物。

◇例如：

I like the bike， but I have no enough money to buy it. （我喜欢这辆自行车，但我没有足够的钱买它。）

I like bicycles， but I cant afford to buy one. （我喜欢自行车，但我买不起一辆）

The bike which I want to buy is more beautiful than that he has. （我想买的那辆自行车比他的那辆更好看。）

2. it可以替名词性从句、动名词和不定式短语，作形式主语或形式宾语，而one和that无此用法。

◇例如：

If you take a bus at the airport， it will take you half an hour to get there. （如果你乘汽车去机场，那要花半个小时。）

It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month. （众所周知月亮每月绕地球一周。）

3. one与that可用来指代同名异物时区别如下：

（1） one为泛指，相当于a/an+名词；that为特指，相当于the+名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为a/an/some/any；that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the/this/that。

◇例如：

A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （铁制的椅子比木头制的更结实。）[该句中one可以换成a chair。]

The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （杯子里的水比壶里的更热。） [该句中that可以换成the water。]

（2） one只能代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用ones；that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用those。

◇例如：

I like this pen more than that one. （比起那支笔，我更喜欢这支。） [one代替可数名词单数pen。]

There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （屋子里有幾个年轻人和一些年长者。） [ones代替名词people。]

Marys handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （马莉的字写得比彼得好多了。） [that代替不可数名词handwriting。]

These pictures are more beautiful than those. （这些图片比那些漂亮多了。） [those代替可数名词复数pictures。]

（3） one既可代替事物，也可代替人，that只能代替事物而不能代替人。

◇例如

The one/That on the table is mine. （桌上的那个是我的。） [该句中The one代替事物，并且也可以用That。]

He is a teacher， the one who is loved by the students. （他是个老师，受学生们喜爱。） [该句中the one代替人，不能用that。]

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Do you see my dictionary， Dad？ I cant find _______.

—No， I dont.

A. it B. one

C. that D. the one

（ ）2. We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _______ as you like.

A. either B. each

C. one D. it

（ ）3. The population of Henan Province is larger than _______ of any province in China.

A. one B. it

C. that D. the one

（ ）4. The two girls are so alike that strangers find _______ difficult to tell one from the other.

A. it B. them

C. one D. that

（ ）5. _______ is our aim that every student will play in our operas.

A. One B. That

C. This D. It

（ ）6. I have bought a new watch because my old _______ doesnt work.

A. it B. one

C. that D. this

（ ）7. The weather in summer here is like _______ in Beijing.

A. this B. that

C. it D. its

（ ）8. The hat you bought is bigger than _______ I bought.

A. one B. that

C. it D. those

（ ）9. I found _______ possible to succeed if I tried my best.

A. it B. that

C. one D. the one

（ ）10. —Did you find your dictionary yesterday？

—No， I didnt find _______， so Ill buy _______.

A. it； one B. one； one

C. it； it D. one； it

（ ）11. We feel _______ our duty to make our country a better place.

A. it B. this

C. that D. one

（ ）12. Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _______ we like yet.

A. one B. ones

C. it D. them

（ ）13. —Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street？

—Victoria Street？ _______ is where the Grand Theatre is.

A. Such B. There C. That D. This

（ ）14. —Ive read another book this week.

—Well， maybe _______ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.

A. this B. that C. there D. it

（ ）15. I cant find my ticket. I think I have lost _______. （2016天津）

A. it B. one C. this D. them

（ ）16. —The population of China is larger than _______ of India.

—Yes， but Indias population is increasing rapidly. （2016湖北鄂州）

A. it B. one C. that D. this

（ ）17. Everyone makes mistakes in life. The key is not to repeat _______ again. （2017湖北孝感）

A. it B. this C. that D. them

（ ）18. —I cant find the magazine I bought this morning.

—Well， Jack is reading _______ over there. Why not go and see if it is yours？ （2016江蘇无锡）

A. it B. that C. one D. some

（ ）19. I bought a smartphone （智能手机） yesterday， and it works well. Would you like to buy _______ like this？ （2015辽宁丹东）

A. it B. this

C. one D. that

（ ）20. —Dad， Ive just seen only one copy of FOOTBALL at that newsstand.

—Go and buy _______ back， Bob. （2011湖北武汉）

A. one B. other

C. it D. this

【Keys： 1～5 ACCAD 6～10 BBBAA

11～15 AACDA 16～20 CDCCC】

★连系动词

连系动词（即系动词）用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征或身份。表语通常由名词、形容词，或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。常见的连系动词是be，它的变化形式为：am/is/are/was/were。除了be动词，其它的连系动词大致可分为三类：

1. 感观类连系动词

与感觉器官相关的动词，常见的有：look （看起来）、feel （摸上去）、smell （闻起来）、taste （尝起来）、sound （听起来）等。

◇例如：

The song sounds beautiful， but its difficult to sing. （这首歌听起来很美好，但是很难唱。）

Those oranges taste good. （那些橘子尝起来不错。）

She looks much younger in her red dress. （她穿着红色裙子看上去年轻多了。）

Your hands feel very cold. Whats wrong？ （你的手摸着很冷。你怎么了？）

2. 状态持续类连系动词

表示主语持续某种状态的动词，常见的有：remain （依然）、keep （保持）、stay （保持）、lie （呈……状态，置于）、continue （继续、仍旧）等。

◇例如：

The vegetables stayed fresh when I took them out of the fridge. （当我把这些蔬菜从冰箱里拿出来的时候，它们还保持着新鲜。）

The book lay open on the desk. （书打开着放在桌上。）

I cant taste the soup right now because it remains hot. （汤太烫了，我现在还尝不了。）

Few people remained calm when they heard the exciting news. （当听闻这个令人兴奋的消息时，没有几个人能保持平静。）

3. 状态变化类连系动词

表示主语从一种状态变化成另一种状态的动词，常见的有：become、turn、grow、go、come、fall、get等。

◇例如：

Put the fish in the fridge， or it will go bad in hot weather. （把鱼放到冰箱里，不然热天里会变坏。）

She fell ill while she was on holiday. （她在度假时病倒了。）

My poor mother， your hair has gone white completely！（我可怜的母亲，你的头发全变白了。）

Now my dream has come true. （现在我的梦想已经实现了。）

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Mum，what are you cooking in the kitchen？ It _______ so good！

—Fried noodles. （2016福建福州）

A. smells B. tastes

C. sounds

（ ）2. —3D printing could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours.

—It _______ amazing. Its my first time to get to know this. （2016福建泉州）

A. sounds B. smells C. tastes

（ ）3. We hope the weather will _______ fine so that we can finish our work without break.

A. feel B. continue

C. get D. look

（ ）4. —I was wondering if we could go skating on the weekend.

—_______ good.

A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds

（ ）5. Happy birthday， Alice！So you have _______ twenty one already！

A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed

（ ）6. The traffic lights _______ green and I pulled away.

A. came B. grew C. got D. went

（ ）7. —How are the team playing？

—They are playing well， but one of them _______ hurt.

A. got B. gets

C. are D. were

（ ）8. He shook his head _______ and looked _______ when he was told the bad news.

A. sadly； sadly B. sad； sad

C. sadly； sad D. sad； sadly

（ ）9. —Good morning. Id like a birthday gift for my mother.

—What about this scarf？ It is beautiful and it _______ soft and smooth. （2016山東东营）

A. feels B. looks

C. seems D. becomes

（ ）10. I like the dress very much. It _______ comfortable. （2014山东聊城）

A. feels B. tastes

C. sounds D. smells

（ ）11. —What do you think of the dish I cooked for you？

—I havent had it yet. However， it _______ good. （2015湖北荆州）

A. tastes B. smells

C. sounds D. feels

（ ）12. —Why do you _______ so upset？

—Because I didnt get the first place in the English competition. （2016辽宁丹东）

A. look B. sound

C. smell D. feel

（ ）13. Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what _______ nice. （2013湖北武汉元调）

A. feels B. smells

C. tastes D. looks

（ ）14. —Must I take the umbrella with me？

—No， you neednt. The radio says that the weather will _______ fine. （2014湖北武汉元调）

A. seem B. look

C. sound D. turn

【Keys： 1～5 AABDB 6～10 DACAA

11～14 BADD】

★形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

1. 几个常用重点句型

（1） as+形容词或副词原级+as （……和……一样……）

◇例如：

Tom is as honest as Jack. （Tom和Jack一样诚实。）

注意：

① 在否定句或疑问句中可用so...as...。

◇例如：

The weather here is not as/so cool as that in Harbin. （这里的天气不像在哈尔滨那样冷。）

② 用表示倍数的词或其它程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。

◇例如：

This room is twice as big as that one. （这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。）

Your room is the same size as mine. （你的房间和我的一样大。）

（2） the+比较级...， the+比较级 （……越……，就越……）

◇例如：

The harder you work， the greater progress youll make. （你学习越努力，进步就越大。）

（3） 比较级+and+比较级 （越来越……）

◇例如：

As your salary increases in the company， it becomes more and more difficult to quit. （随着在公司薪水的增加，你辞职的难度越来越大。）

China becomes stronger and stronger. （中国变得越来越强大了。）

2. 几个注意事项

（1） 可修饰比较级的词有：a bit、a little、 a lot、rather、much、far、any、still、even等，very、so、too、quite不能修饰比较级。

（2） “否定词语+比较级”与“否定词语+so...as”结构表示最高级含义。

◇例如：

Nothing is so easy as this. （沒什么和这个一样简单的了。）

=Nothing is easier than this. （没什么比这个更简单的了。）

=This is the easiest thing. （这个是最简单的了。）

（3） old有两种比较级和最高级形式：older，oldest和elder，eldest。elder，eldest多用于长幼关系。

◇例如：

My elder brother is an engineer. （我哥哥是个工程师。）

Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. （玛丽是三姐妹中年龄最大的。）

（4） far也有两种比较级和最高级形式：

farther，farthest和further，furthest。farther表示“更远”；further表示“更进一步，更深一层”。

◇例如：

She had walked for two hours and couldnt go any farther. （她已经走了两个小时，再也走不动了。）

Tom is going to college for further study. （汤姆要读大学深造。）

3. 相關短语辨析

（1） no more than...与not more than...

no more than （=only）表示“仅仅”、“只有”，强调少；而not more than （=at most）表示“不多于”、“至多”。

◇例如：

He is no more than an ordinary English teacher. （他只不过是个普通的英文老师。）

He has no more than three children. （他只有3个孩子。）

He has not more than three children. （他最多有3个孩子。） [或许有还不到3个之意]

（2） no more...than与not more...than

用于比较两件事物时，no more...than（=nei-ther...nor）表示对两者都否定，意为“同……一样不；都不”；而not more...than（=not so...as）指两者虽都具有某种特征，但程度不同，意为“不如；不及；不比……更”。

◇例如：

He is no more a writer than a painter. （他不是画家，也不是作家。）

=He is neither a painter nor a writer.

A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. （马不是鱼，鲸也不是鱼。）

=Neither a horse nor a whale is a fish.

She is not more clever than he is. （她不如他聪明。）

=She is not so clever as he is.

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —The temperature is 30°C today. I prefer staying in to going out.

—It will be _______ tomorrow. The temperature will reach 35℃. （2016黑龙江哈尔滨）

A. colder B. hotter

C. hottest

（ ）2. —Why didnt you cry for help when you were robbed （被抢劫）？

—If I opened my mouth， they might find my four gold teeth. That would be _______！ （2016山东东营）

A. bad B. much worse

C. worst D. the worst

（ ）3. —Lily has two sisters， doesnt she？

—Yes. Shes taller and older than her two sisters， but shes not _______ one of the three. （2016湖北襄阳）

A. the tallest B. youngest

C. shortest D. the cleverest

（ ）4. I didnt do very well in this exam. Unluckily， he did it _______. （2016江西）

A. worse B. badl

C. better D. worst

（ ）5. —Its one of the _______ things in the world to stay with friends.

—I agree. It always makes us relaxed. （2015湖北荆州）

A. worst B. happiest

C. busiest D. hardest

（ ）6. I have been to quite a few restaurants， but I can say this one is _______. （2016河南）

A. good B. better C. the better D. the best

（ ）7. —How was your interview for the work？

—Oh， I couldnt feel any _______. I hardly understood most of the questions they asked. （2016湖北荆州）

A. happier B. better

C. worse D. harder

（ ）8. —Do you like western food？

—No. The western food is _______ that of our country.

A. rather good than

B. much better than

C. more better than

D. not so good as

【Keys： 1～5 BBDAB 6～8 DCD】

★情态动词

一、情态动词的基本用法

1. can

（1） “（表示能力）能……；会……”

◇例如：

She can drive， but she cant ride a bicycle. （她会驾车，但是不会骑自行车。）

（2） “（表示许可）能够……；可以……”

◇例如：

—Can I use your telephone？ （我可以用你的电话吗？）

—Yes， of course you can. （当然可以。）

You cant park your car in this street. （你不能把车停在这条街上。）

注意：can可作“有时候会……”解，以描述特有的行为或情形，指平时或大部分时间不是这样子，只是偶尔发生的事情。

◇例如：

She can be very forgetful. （她有时很健忘。）

Jogging can be harmful to the health. （慢跑有时候会对身体健康有害。）

（3） “（用以提出建议）请做……；得……”

◇例如：

Ill do the cooking， and you can do the washing. （我来做饭，请你去洗衣服。）

（4） “（用于疑问句中，表请求）能不能……；要不要……”

◇例如：

Can you give me a lift to the station？ （能让我搭你的车到车站去吗？）

Cant you feed the cat？ （你喂喂猫好吗？）

（5） “（用于疑问句中，表惊讶、怀疑等）到底可能；居然会，竟至于”

◇例如：

Can he be serious？ （他当真是这个意思吗？）

How can you be so stupid？ （你怎么会那么傻？）

（6） 构成下列特殊句式：

① can not/never...too...；cannot...enough “无论怎么……也不过分；越……越好；非常……”

◇例如：

One cannot be too careful. （越认真越好。）

I cannot thank you enough. （我对你感激不尽。）

② cannot help doing...；cannot help but do...；cannot but do... “禁不住；不由得；不得不”

◇例如：

I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it. （不管什么时候看到这幅画，我都禁不住要赞赏它。）

When a close friend dies， you cannot but feel sad. （亲密的朋友去世了，你会忍不住感到悲伤。）

2. may

（1） “（表准许、许可）可以……”

◇例如：

You may go home now， Susan. （苏珊，你现在可以回家了。）

May I have a word with you， please？ （我可以跟你说句话吗？）

（2） “（表愿望、祝福）但愿；祝……”

注意：此时句子要用倒装语序。

◇例如：

May you succeed！（祝你成功！）

（3） “（用于表示可能）也许；可能”

◇例如：

That may or may not be true. （那可能是实情，也可能不是。）

3. must

（1） “（表义务、必要性、命令）必须，得，要”

◇例如：

—Must I wash the dishes at once？ （我得立刻洗这些盘子吗？）

—No， you neednt. （不，不必。）

Animals must eat to live. （为了活下去，动物必须吃东西。）

（2） “（表必然性，做出邏辑推断）必定”

◇例如：

You must be hungry. （你一定饿了吧。）

（3） “（表坚持等）偏偏；硬要；偏要”

◇例如：

Must you make so much noise？ （你就非得弄出这么大声儿吗？）

（4） 注意：mustnt表示“禁止、不准”。

◇例如：

You mustnt play with the knife. You may hurt yourself. （你不准玩刀子，你会把自己割伤的。）

4. shall

（1） “（表示预言）能……；会……”

◇例如：

Shall we be there in time for supper？ （我们能及时赶到那吃饭吗？）

（2） 表示“说话人的命令、警告、强制、意愿、威胁或决心”等

◇例如：

Dont worry. You shall get the answer this very afternoon. （不要焦急，今天下午你就会得到答复。） [允诺]

He shall be sorry one day. I tell you. （我告诉你，他早晚有一天会后悔的。） [警告]

（3） “（用于法律、规则等条文中）应……，须……，得……”

◇例如：

The fine shall be given in cash. （罚款应以现金缴纳。）

（4） Shall I和Shall we用于提出意见或建议

◇例如：

Shall I have a look？ （要我看一下吗？）

5. should

（1） “（表义务、责任）应该……”

◇例如：

We should attend the meeting. （我们应该参加这次会议。）

（2） “（表预期）应该会，想必会，一定会……吧”

◇例如：

The concert should be great fun. （音乐会一定会很有意思。）

（3） 用在anxious、sorry、happy、glad等形容词后接的that从句中。

◇例如：

Im glad that your story should have won the first prize. （我很高兴你的小说居然赢得头奖。）

（4） “（与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等）究竟是；到底；竟然”

◇例如：

Who should come in but my old friend Betty！（我当是谁进来了呢，原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀！）

Why should he think that？ （他怎么那么想呢？）

6. would

（1） “（will的过去式，表过去的习惯性动作）（从前）常常；经常”

◇例如：

We would stay up all night talking about our future. （那时候，我们常常彻夜谈论我们的将来。）

（2） “（用以评论特有的行为）老是；偏要”

◇例如：

Thats exactly like Susie. She would come to me just when I was busy. （苏西就是那个样子。她老是在我忙碌的时候来找我。）

（3） “（用以表示推测、设想事情的结果或动作、倾向）也许，大概，要，该”

◇例如：

That window wouldnt open. （那扇窗户打不开。）

（4） “表示请求或个人的想法、看法（语气委婉）”

◇例如：

Would you mind if I opened the window？ （我打开窗户你不介意吧？）

二、情态动词表推测

1. 情态动词must，can/could，may/might可以用来表示对事情的推测。

（1） must

表推测时只能用于肯定句，是对现在或过去的事情进行的推测，不能表对将来事情的推测，语气非常肯定，表示最大的可能性，意为“一定……”。其否定形式为cant/couldnt。

（2） can/could

表推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句，是对现在或过去的事情进行推测，表示很大的可能性，但could偶尔可用于肯定推测。cant/couldnt为语气最强的否定推测，意为“不可能，一定不（是）”。

（3） may/might

表推测时一般用于肯定句或否定句，可对现在、过去或将来的事情进行推测，语气不很肯定，译为“可能……”。其否定形式may/might not意为“可能不……”

2. “情态动词+be/do”和“情态动词+have done”

（1） “情态动词+be/do”结构通常用来对现在或将来的状况进行推测。

◇例如：

The light is still on. He must be working in the office now. （灯还亮着，他现在一定还在办公室工作着。）

Michael cant be a policeman， for hes much too short. （麥克不可能是警察，因为他太矮了。）

（2） “情态动词+have done”结构用于对过去事情的推测。

◇例如：

I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. （我当时没有听到电话响，我一定是睡着了。）

Tom hasnt come back yet. He may have missed the bus again. （汤姆还没有回来，他可能又没赶上班车。）

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Finally， they came back.

—They _______ be hungry after such a long walk. （2016湖南长沙））

A. cant B. must

C. neednt

（ ）2. —Sixty dollars for such a T■shirt！You _______ be joking！

—Im serious. Its made of silk from Hangzhou. （2017湖北荆州）

A. must B. need

C. will D. can

（ ）3. —Do you think that Kobe will be elected as the MVP this year？

—It _______ him. He has retired （退役） since April 13. （2016湖北咸宁）

A. cant be B. mustnt be

C. must be D. can be

（ ）4. —I still havent found my pet dog.

—Im sorry to hear that. You _______ be very sad. （2016湖北武漢）

A. can B. should

C. must D. will

（ ）5. —Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs. Li？

—No. It _______ be her. She is wearing a white dress today. （2016福建福州）

A. can B. may

C. must D. cant

（ ）6. —I wonder if these are Dannys glasses？

—They _______ be Dannys. He doesnt wear glasses. （2017甘肃武威）

A. cant B. must

C. mustnt D. can

（ ）7. —I dont care what people think.

—Well， you _______. Youre not alone in this world. （2017河南）

A. can B. may

C. should D. will

（ ）8. —_______ I hand in the report today？

—No， you neednt. （2017北京）

A. Can B. Must

C. Shall D. Could

（ ）9. —You look very pretty， if I _______ say so.

—Thanks a lot for saying that. （2016河南）

A. must B. may

C. will D. have to

（ ）10. —Weve got everything ready for the picnic.

—Do you mean I _______ bring anything with me？ （2016江苏无锡）

A. cant B. mustnt C. couldnt D. neednt

（ ）11. —Must I sing the song in Russian？

—No， you _______. Its up to you. （2015四川资阳）

A. mustnt B. cant

C. dont D. neednt

（ ）12. —Must I go to a law school and be a lawyer like you， Dad？

—No， you_______. You are free to make your own decision. （2016山东滨州）

A. cant B. mustnt

C. shouldnt D. neednt

（ ）13. —My cat is really fat.

—You _______ have given her so much food.

A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt

（ ）14. —I cant find my purse anywhere.

—You _______ have lost it while shopping.

A. may B. can

C. should D. would

（ ）15. —Its the office！So you _______ know eating is not allowed here.

—Oh， sorry.

A. must B. will

C. may D. need

【Keys： 1～5 BAACD 6～10 ACBBD

11～15 DDCAA】

★so和neither引导的倒装句

1. 辨析：“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”和“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”

（1） 在表示“……也是如此”时用“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。[该句主语和前一句的主语不是同一个。]

◇例如：

—He goes to school every day. —So do I. （“他每天上学。”“我也如此。”）

—He is fourteen. —So am I. （“他十四岁。”“我也十四岁。”）

—I will go there tomorrow. —So will she. （“我明天去那里。”“她也会去。”）

（2） 在表示对前一句的认同时用“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”。[该句主语和前一句的主语是同一个。]

◇例如：

—The students work hard. —So they do. （“同学们学习努力。”“他们确实努力。”）

—He is good at maths. —So he is. （“他善长数学。”“他确实善长数学。”）

—It was very cold yesterday. —So it was. （“昨天很冷。”“的确如此。”）

2. 辨析：“neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”和“neither+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”

（1） 在表示“……也不”时用“neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。[该句主语和前一句的主语不是同一个。]

◇例如：

—Tom doesnt study hard. —Neither does Linda. （“汤姆学习不努力。”“琳达学习也不努力。”）

（2） 在表示对前一句的认同时用“neither+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”。[该句主语和前一句的主语是同一个。]

◇例如：

—He doesnt study hard. —Neither he does. （“他学习不努力。”“的确如此/他学习真的不努力。”）

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Lucy cant go mountain climbing with us tomorrow.

—_______. I have to do housework at home. （2015黑龙江龙东）

A. So can I B. Neither can I

C. Neither I can

（ ）2. —Taian is a really comfortable city to live in.

—_______， and its world famous for Mount Tai. （2015山东泰安）

A. So it is B. So is it

C. So it does D. So does it

（ ）3. —What language is that guy speaking？ I can hardly catch a single word！

—_______. Hes from India， so I guess it is Hindi. （2015江蘇无锡）

A. Neither I can B. Neither can I C. So I can D. So can I

（ ）4. —Peter has made great progress in math recently.

—_______， and so have you. （2016四川宜宾）

A. So he does B. So he has

C. So has he D. So does he

（ ）5. —Danny will go to the library this morning.

—_______. （2015甘肃天水）

A. So do I B. So I do

C. So I will D. So will I

（ ）6. —Why， this is nothing but common vegetable soup！

—_______， madam. This is our soup of the day.

A. Let me see B. So it is

C. Dont mention it D. Neither do I

（ ）7. If Joes wife wont go to the party， _______.

A. he will either B. neither will he

C. he neither will D. either he will

（ ）8. —My room gets very cold at night.

—_______.

A. So is mine B. So mine is

C. So does mine D. So mine does

【Keys： 1～5 BABBD 6～8 BBC】

★宾语从句

宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。

1. 连接词

（1） 连接词that

引导陈述句用that。that无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接主从句的作用；如that引导宾语从句，常可省略。

◇例如：

We believe （that） he is honest. （我们相信他是诚实的。）

（2） 连接词whether和if

引导一般疑问句用whether或if。但要注意，在下列几种情况通常使用whether：

①在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；

②在介词之后用whether；

③在不定式前用whether等。

◇例如：

I dont know whether hell arrive in time or not. （我不知道他是否能及时到。）

She didnt say if he was still in Wuhan. （她没说他是否还在武汉。）

（3） 引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。

◇例如：

He asked why he had to go alone. （他问为什么必须他一个人去。）

Id like to know when they will let him out. （我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。）

I asked how he was getting on. （我问他情况怎样。）

2. 语序

在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词+陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。

◇例如：

Where is the Peoples Park？ （人民公园在哪里？）

→Excuse me， could you tell me where the Peoples Park is？ （打扰了，能告诉我人民公园在哪里吗？）

3. 时态

①如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态可视情况使用任何一种相关的时态。

②如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句必须使用過去相应的某一种时态。

③如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。

◇例如：

—What did your teacher say to you just now？ （刚才老师跟你说了些什么？）

—He asked me if I had got ready for the exam. （他问我是否已经做好了考试的准备。）

4. 否定转移

当主句的主语为第一人称，且主句的及物动词为表示感知的动词，例如：think、suppose、guess、say、imagine、expect、believe等时，常把对宾语从句的否定放在主句中。

◇例如：

I dont think its going to rain this afternoon. （我认为今天下午不会下雨。）

5. 简化

宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it+形容词+不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式、（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。

◇例如：

I dont know what I should do with the letter. （我不知道我该拿这封信怎么办。）

=I dont know what to do with the letter.

当主句谓语动词是know、learn、forget、remember等，其后接疑问词（连接代词/副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化成“疑问词（连接代词/副词）+不定式（短语）”结构，故宾语从句what I should do可以简化成what to do。

6. 注意

if/when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if/when引导宾语从句时，意思分别为“是否”和“何时”，此时从句的时态根据具体情况而定。if和when引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果”和“当……的时候”，此时如果主句是一般将来时，从句部分则用一般现在时。

◇例如：

Were not sure if it _______ tomorrow. If it _______， we wont climb the South Hill. （2004青海西宁）

A. will snow； snows

B. will snow； will snow

C. snows； snows

D. snows； will snow

[答案] A

[解析] 题干中前句if引导的是宾语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句根据句意及时间状语tomorrow，应用一般将来时（will snow）。后句if引导的是条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时（wont climb），从句则用一般现在时（snows），因此正确答案为A。

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Andy， I wonder _______ the new sports clothes.

—Of course by credit card. （2017吉林）

A. what you paid for

B. how you paid for

C. why you paid for

（ ）2. —After we enter the high school， we will have the courses about life management. We can choose what we like. I wonder _______.

—Physics. I want to study science in the future. （2017山西）

A. what choosing courses is for

B. what courses you want to take

C. what you think of choosing courses

（ ）3. —Are you going camping this afternoon？

—A typhoon is coming. Im not sure _______ the road to the mountain will be closed. （2016江苏南京）

A. which B. what

C. whether D. why

（ ）4. —I want to know more about Hong Kong. Can you tell me _______？

—In 1997. （2017吉林长春）

A. when did it return to China

B. when it returned to China

C. when does it return to China

D. when it returns to China

（ ）5. —Do you know _______？

—Yes，of course. It will be hosted by Beijing and Zhangjiakou. （2017甘肃白银）

A. how will be the 2022 Winter Olympics

B. which city will host the 2022 Winter Olympics

C. when will be the next Winter Olympics

D. where will be the next Winter Olympics

（ ）6. —We can use QR code （二维码） to find information on the cell phone now.

—Really？ Can you show me _______ it？ （2017贵州安顺）

A. how I can use B. how can I use C. why can I use

D. what I can use.

（ ）7. —Do you know _______？

—Yes， she is very kind and outgoing. （2017湖北鄂州）

A. whats his mother like

B. what his mother likes

C. what his mother is like D. how his mother is like

（ ）8. —Id like to know _______ for the party.

—I have no idea. （2017 湖北武汉）

A. why did she buy so little food B. what she has prepared

C. whether will she dance

D. when is she leaving

（ ）9. —What did the manager ask you after the meeting？

—She asked me _______. （2017湖北襄阳）

A. what I do for the project last week B. if can I finish the work on time

C. how did I deal with the problem

D. why I was late for the meeting

（ ）10. —I cant see _______ on the blackboard. May I borrow your notebook？

—Sure. Here you are. （2017重庆）

A. what our teacher wrote

B. what did our teacher write

C. why our teacher wrote

D. how did our teacher write

（ ）11. Today is Fathers Day， Im thinking about _______.（2017江蘇盐城）

A. what present I gave my father

B. if I planned a party for my father.

C. how I can give my father a surprise D. where will my father and I have a big meal.

（ ）12. —David asked _______ in China.

—Of course not. Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting. （2015广东）

A. why he can greet a lady by kissing her

B. why he could greet a lady by kissing her

C. whether he can greet a lady by kissing her

D. whether he could greet a lady by kissing her

（ ）13. —What did your father say to you just now？

—He asked me _______. （2016山东滨州）

A. that I would like to see a movie

B. where I will spend my holiday

C. if I enjoyed myself at the party

D. when did I attend the graduation party

（ ）14. In the UK， a lady usually doesnt like to be asked _______. （2015江蘇盐城）

A. whether has she got married

B. how old is she

C. where she comes from

D. how much she weighs

（ ）15. —Chris wants to know _______ “truth or dare （真心话大冒险游戏）” at your birthday party.

—Yes. But if he doesnt like it， well play guessing games instead. （2015山东东营）

A. who will play

B. whether we played

C. if we will play

D. why we are going to play

（ ）16. My deskmate asked me _______. （2015山东烟台）

A. when would I go to the zoo

B. whom I would play tennis with

C. how did I get home that evening

D. whether I have been to Singapore

（ ）17. —What did he ask just now？

—He wondered _______. （2015四川凉山）

A. if they would meet at the school gate B. when would they start

C. that they would take some food D. how they will get there

（ ）18. Excuse me， can you help me find out _______ with my computer？ （2015湖北黄石）

A. what wrong is B. whats wrong C. what was wrong

D. what wrong was

（ ）19. —Could you tell me _______？

—The movie Fast and Furious 8. （2017云南）

A. where you saw the movie

B. which movie you like best

C. where did you see the movie

D. which movie do you like best

（ ）20. —I am worried about _______.

—Whatever the result is， dont be too hard on yourself. （2016云南昆明）

A. how have I prepared for my final exams

B. if I can get great grades in the final exams

C. that my school team lost the game because of my fault

D. why did my school team lose the game

【Keys： 1～5 BBCDB 6～10 ACBDA

11～15 CDCDC 16～20 BABBB】

★初中非谓语动词的部分用法归纳

1. 只能后接不定式的动词和短语

初中阶段，大部分实意动词或短语后接非谓语动词时，都只能接动词不定式。这种情况属于非谓语动词的最普通、最常见的用法。

◇例如：

tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事

invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事

teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事

allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

能够构成这种结构的动词还有：

ask、plan、mean （打算）、manage、learn、hope、expect、want、wish、agree、promise、decide、choose、offer、fail、prepare、pretend、refuse、happen、afford等等。

能夠构成这种结构的动词短语有：

would like、make sure、make a decision、make up ones mind、be willing、take ones turn、cant wait、be supposed等等。

2. 只能接■ing形式的动词和短语

只能接动名词而不能接不定式的动词有：

allow、consider、suggest、advice、finish、 imagine、practise、enjoy、miss （错过；怀念）、

prevent、include、excuse （原谅）、dislike、discuss、mind等等。

只能接动名词而不能接不定式的动词短语有：

cant stand、feel like、stick to、dream of、think of、keep on、put off、give up、be busy、be worth、cant stand、cant help、be interested in、be afraid of、be good at、get/be used to、be proud of、be tired of、look forward to、thank sb. for、succeed in等等。

3. 既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词

（1） 后接不定式或动名词且含义相同的动词有：like、love、hate、prefer、begin、start、continue等。

◇例如：

He likes travelling/to travel alone. （他喜欢独自旅行。）

He began doing/to do this job last year. （他去年开始做这工作。）

（2） 动词forget、remember、regret等接不定式时，表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之后（即还未做）；接动名词时，表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之前（即已做）。

◇例如：

I forgot to tell you about it. （我忘记要告诉你那件事了。）

I remembered giving the book to Li Lei， but he said I didnt. （我记得我把书给李雷了，但是他说我没有给。）

（3） 动词mean接不定式时，表示一种意图，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接动名词时，表示解释，意思是“意味着，意思是”。

◇例如：

I didnt mean to bother you. （我本不想打扰你。）

What he said means going there by air. （他的话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。）

（4） try接不定式时，表示一种决心，意思是“设法做，尽力做”；try接动名词时，表示尝试，意思是“试着做”。

◇例如：

Ill try to catch up with my class. （我将尽力赶上同学们。）

I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. （我试着阅读课文时不查词典。）

（5） need，require等后接不定式或动名词语态不同。

need，require等表示“需要”的动词后接不定式或动名词均可，但是接动名词可用主动形式表示被动意义，而接不定式则用被动形式表示被动意义。

◇例如：

The flowers need watering every day. （花儿需要每天浇水。）

=The flowers need to be watered every day.

注意：若need，require等后接非谓动词为句子主语所发出的动作，则只能用不定式，不能用动名词。

◇例如：

I need to water the flowers every day. （我需要每天给花浇水。）

（6） go on和stop

go on to do sth. 做完某事后继续做另一事

go on doing 继续做一直在做的事

stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去做另一事

stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事

◇例如：

After they had read the text， the students went on to do the exercises. （读完课文后，学生们继续做练习。）

The students went on talking and laughing all the way. （一路上学生们一直有说有笑。）

I stopped reading the book when my mother asked me to have supper. （当妈妈叫我去吃晚饭时，我停止了读书。）

I was watching TV just now. When I heard my mother come into the room， I stopped to read my book. （刚刚我在看电视，当听到妈妈走近房间时，我马上停下来，然后去看书了。）

4. 可接动词原形做宾补的动词

（1） 只能接动词原形的动词和短语

① 使役动词make和let

make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

◇例如：

The music teacher made the students sing the song together. （音乐老师让学生们齐唱那首歌。）

Let me help you wash your clothes. （让我帮你洗衣服吧。）

② 只能接动词原形的短语

had better do 最好做……

why not do 为什么不……？

would rather do 宁愿……

rather than do 不愿……等

③ 后接动词原形和不定式意义不一样的动词（感官动词）有：see、watch、hear、notice、feel等。

see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事，强调动作的全过程

see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行

其它的的感官动词hear、notice、watch、listen to、feel的用法与see类似。

◇例如：

I saw him work in the garden yesterday. （昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。）[强调“我看见了”这个事实。]

I saw him working in the garden yesterday. （昨天我见他正在花园里干活。）[强调“他正干活”这个动作。]

◇例如：

They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.

A. grow B. grew

C. was growing D. to grow

[答案] A

[解析] 題意为“他们看着她长大”，强调的是成长的过程，而不是正在长的动作，因此用see sb. do sth.的句型。

The missing boy was last seen _______ near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing

C. play D. to play

[答案] A

[解析] 本题强调其动作“正在河边玩”，应用see sb. doing sth.句型。

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Mario， your mobile phone is ringing.

—Wait a minute. Its dangerous for us _______ it while crossing the street. （2017四川南充）

A. answering B. to answer

C. answer D. answered

（ ）2. We have worked so long. Shall we stop _______ a rest？ （2016山东青岛）

A. have B. to having

C. having D. to have

（ ）3. His uncle would rather _______ the old bike than _______ a new one. （2015山东东营）

A. repair； to buy B. to repair； buy

C. repair； buy

D. to repair； to buy

（ ）4. —Some children cant afford _______ necessary stationery （文具）.

—Lets donate our pocket money to them.

A. buy B. buying

C. to buy D. be bought

（ ）5. Though he often made his little sister _______， today he was made _______ by his little sister. （2015广东梅州）

A. cry； to cry B. crying； crying

C. cry； cry D. to cry； cry

（ ）6. My friend invited me _______ the art club， and I accepted it with pleasure. （2015上海）

A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining

（ ）7. —I didnt hear you come in just now.

—Thats good. We tried _______ any noise， for you were sleeping. （2013广东）

A. not make B. not to make

C. to make D. making

（ ）8. Mount Xiaolei is not far away from here， but it will still take us a few hours _______ there by bike. （2016湖北黄石）

A. getting B. to get

C. got D. get

（ ）9. Martin was so busy _______ the old that he gave up his part time job. （2015上海）

A. helping B. helped C. to help D. help

（ ）10. —Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child？

—Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret _______ that silly thing to my mum. （2015湖北襄阳）

A. do B. to do

C. doing D. did

（ ）11. —What happens when you hear a strange noise at night or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom？

—It often makes us _______. （2015山东临沂）

A. jump B. to jump

C. jumping D. jumped

（ ）12. It took me two weeks _______ reading the novels written by Guo Jingming. （2012广东）

A. finish B. to finish

C. finishes D. finishing

（ ）13. Thanks to the robots， the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time ______ boring numbers and information. （2015山东临沂）

A. processing B. to process

C. processed D. process

（ ）14. —Is Jack in the next room？

—Well， its hard to say. But I heard him _______ loudly when I passed by just now. （2015湖北孝感）

A. speak B. to speak

C. spoken D. speaking

（ ）15. —What do you remember about Grade 7？

—I remember _______ a prize. （2015湖北鄂州）

A. to win B. winning

C. win D. wining

（ ）16. —Im sorry I _______ my exercise book at home this morning.

—It doesnt matter. Dont forget _______ it here this afternoon. （2016山東滨州）

A. left； to take

B. forgot； bringing

C. left； to bring

D. forgot； to bring

（ ）17. The boss asked Tim to go and _______ out if there was anyone else absent. （2016河南）

A. find B. finding

C. to find D. found

（ ）18. —Are you going swimming this afternoon？

—Id rather _______ with you. （2016甘肃兰州）

A. to go shopping B. go shoping

C. to go shoping D. go shopping

（ ）19. Leonardo DiCaprio， a famous American actor， was always expecting _______ an Oscar and finally he made it. （2016广东）

A. to win B. winning

C. not to win D. not winning

（ ）20. We advise parents _______ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. （2015广东）

A. not leave B. not to leave

C. leave D. to leave

（ ）21. —Im new here.

—Dont worry. Ill do what I can _______ you. （2016黔东南）

A. to help B. help

C. helping D. helped

（ ）22. Our country encourages more students _______ football. Now many football clubs have been set up in schools. （2016江苏镇江）

A. play B. playing

C. to play D. will play

（ ）23. The couple will be away for a while and they need someone _______ the baby. （2016江苏南通）

A. look after B. looking after C. looked after D. to look after

（ ）24. David said that the glass was broken and warned me _______ it. （2016江苏徐州）

A. dont touch B. to not touch C. not to touch D. no touching

【Keys： 1～5 BDCCA 6～10 BBBAC

11～15 ABADB 16～20 CADAB 21～24 ACDC】