答完形填空题易出错的五种情形

杨富章

熟词生义掌握不全面

所谓“熟词生义”，就是指有些词尽管我们认识，但当它们出现在完形填空题或者阅读理解题中时，我们如果根据其常见的含义来理解的话，会导致理解错误、文不对题、不知所云。这时，我们就要换个角度，根据这些词的特殊含义进行理解。同学们平时要注意这些“熟词生义”的练习和巩固。

例1 He looked surprised， but got right to work， trying to find the____tire.

A. spare

B.free

C.full

D.empty

易錯分析：spare的熟义是“抽出时间”。

解析：在这篇文章中，spare意为“备用的”。答案为A。

例 2

Not too long ago， an incident that happened at Walt Disnev touchedme greatly.A guest told the front- desk clerk she had had a wonderful vacation. but was heartbroken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet____

A.developed

B.taken

C.washed

D.loaded

易错分析：develop的熟义是“发展”。

解析：film在此意为“胶片”，develop意为“冲印”。答案为A。

忽视语境关系

近几年高考英语完形填空题的最大特点是重点考查语境理解。所谓语境，就是指文章上下文之间的联系，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。因为完形填空题主要考查考生对语境的理解能力，所以空格的前后多有暗示（后文暗示前文的居多）。同学们在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出最符合语境的选项。

例3

A Heroic Driver

Larry works with Transport Drivers， Inc. One mom-ing in 2009， Larry was____along 165 north after de-livering to one of his customers.

A. walking B.touring C.traveling D.rushing

易错分析：有些同学容易忽视语境关系，从而盲目地选择自认为正确的某个选项。

解析：根据Larry的工作性质和下文的delivering可知，他送完货后应该是开着车沿着公路行驶。故用travel表示“（以某速度、朝某方向或在某距离内）行进”，而walk意为“步行”，rush意为“快速运输，速送”，tour意为“观光旅行”，在此均不符合语境。答案为C。

忽视背景关系

例4

It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness. Susan's husband Mark watched her sink into hopelessness and he was deter-mined to use every possible means to help his wife.