怎样在书面表达中写出好句子

张超

要写出好的作文，不是“临时抱佛脚”所能做到的，需要循序渐进和长期的训练。

1. 用介词短语代替一个简单句。例如：

Mary was seven. She began to go to school.

改写为：Mary began to go to school at the age of seven.

2. 用固定短语或句型代替一个简单句。例如：

（1） Father was very busy. He was doing his experiment.

改写为：Father was busy with his experiment.

（2） He is very young. He cannot go to school.

改写为：He is too young to go to school.

3. 把几个意思相连的单句合并成并列句或者复合句。例如：

He can drive the bus. I can drive the bus， too.

改写为：He can drive the bus， so can I.

4. 把并列句合并成复合句。例如：

We finished the work and went home.

改写为：After we finished the work， we went home.

或者：We didnt go home until we finished the work.

5. 用分词短语代替简单句。例如：

They sat there for half an hour. They were watching the game.

改写为：They sat there for half an hour， watching the game.

6. 恰当的运用复合句，避免简单句堆砌。例如：

Jack is a 17-year-old boy. Hell graduate from school soon.

改写为：Jack is a 17-year-old boy， who will graduate from school soon.

7. 恰如其分地运用感叹句。感叹句可以抒发人们对特定人、物的感情，只要表达自然，运用准确，感叹句的运用可以起到良好的效果。例如：

（1） Our city is developing very fast on all sides.

改写为：How fast our city is developing on all sides.

（2） She is a very helpful girl. We should learn from her.

改写为：What a helpful girl she is！We should learn from her.

8. 要避免汉语式英语，恰当地使用地道的英语。例如：

Our hometown has taken place great changes since 1980.

改写为：Great changes have taken place in our hometown since 1980.

9. 恰当地使用非谓语，简化句子结构。例如：

（1） He hurried into the classroom. He had a lot of homework to do.

改写为：With a lot of homework to do， he hurried into the classroom.

（2） He sat there quietly， and he was lost in thought.

改写为：He sat there quietly， lost in thought.

10. 长短句交替使用，这样既体现了节奏上的变化，同时也是意义表达上的需要。请看下面一组句子：

（1） There is a new classroom building on one side of the road.

（2） There used to be a playground on the other side before.

（3） But there is a library now.

（4） There are all kinds of books， newspapers and magazines in the library.

（5） There is a new playground in front of the school.

（6） There are a lot of trees in and around the school.

这六个句子都是简单句，句子结构单一，而且句子长短大致相同，显得十分单调。我们可以将其进行如下修饰：

On one side of the road there is a new classroom building. On the other side， where the playground used to be， now stands another new building—our library， in which you can find all kinds of books， newspapers and magazines. The playground is now in front of the school. We have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.

以上兩种表达在语法上并没有什么错误，但由于通篇过多地使用了there be结构，不但使表达的内容显得单调乏味，而且还给阅卷老师一种“不成熟”的感觉。我们可通过转换句式来避免句子结构的单一化。同一个意思，可使用不同的表达方法，这样做既可以突出重点，又能丰富表达，增加文采。经过修饰的文字，既有长句，又有短句，句子长短交替，结构明显富有变化，使文章行文流畅自然，生动活泼。

英语的句式是多种多样的，只要从要表达的内容出发，合理选用各种表达的方式，文章的句式就会富于变化，那么你的英语作文也会妙笔生花。