小学英语生活再现教学让学生学以致用
2018-05-26余贝贝
余贝贝
【摘要】小学英语教师在教学过程中不能灵活运用有效的教学方法,使得英语课堂单一、枯燥,学生缺乏兴趣。生活再现教学法,变抽象为直观,化刻板为生动,改变小学英语课堂的氛围气氛变得生动活泼,有利于学生理解和掌握知识,引发求知欲。
【关键词】小学英语;生活再现教学;学习兴趣
《小学英语课程标准》(以下简称课标)明确地指出,“课程从学生的学习兴趣,生活经验和认知水平出发,倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式”。“活动内容和形式要贴近学生的生活实际,符合学生的认知水平和生活经验;要尽可能地接近现实生活中语言使用的实际情况。”由此可见,新课标强调以人为本,注重学生个体的发展和语言知识的实用性。这就要求教师在英语教学中渗透生活知识,创设贴近生活的情境。然而,在当下的小学英语教学中,教师只注重单词、句子的教学,而忽视了英语在生活中的实际运用,使得英语学习脱离了生活情境,学生学了一大堆的词汇和句子却不会综合运用。
生活再现教学法的出现,变抽象为直观,化刻板为生动,给枯燥乏味的小学英语课堂带来了一丝新意。它不仅能改变小学英语课堂的氛围,让气氛变得生动活泼还能使学生产生身临其境般的感知,有利于学生理解和掌握知识,引发求知欲。因此,本文拟就苏教版译林英语五年级下“Seeing the doctor”一课为例,对小学英语生活再现教学作粗浅的探究。
一、小学英语课堂教学的现状
1.教师教学活动设计缺乏实效性
新课标提出英语课堂教学要通过说说、唱唱、玩玩、演演等活动完成,即“在活动中学习语言”。遗憾的是,笔者通过近几年的课堂观察发现许多教师对这一理念还是停留在比较浅的层次,关注了活动形式本身,却忽略了语言教学的根本目标的现象,课堂活动虽然很丰富,但是缺乏实效性。
2.学生对英语学习失去兴趣
当下许多小学英语教师在教学过程中不能灵活运用有效的教学方法,使得英语课堂单一、枯燥,学生缺乏兴趣。小学生喜欢活跃的课堂氛围,因此老师必须抓住学生的这一特征进行教学设计。此外,部分老师的教学观念仍然停留在应试教育阶段,把成绩作为评价学生的唯一标准,严重阻碍了学生英语学习能力的形成,导致学生对英语学习失去兴趣。
二、基于生活再现的教学课例
1.教学内容
选自译林版英语5B Unit4 Seeing the doctor (checkout time)
2.教學目标
(1)复习词汇 headache/ toothache/ fever/ cough/ cold/ brush ones teeth/ have a rest/ take medicine/...;
(2)复习句型What's wrong with...? 及答句 ... have/ has a...; How do/ does... feel ? 及答句 ...feel ...,What should / shouldnt ...do ? 及答句 ... should / shouldnt ...;
(3)完成Checkout time板块教学;渗透情感教育,体验“乐于助人”的乐趣。
3.教学重难点
(1)能够与同学合作完成Test list中的检测任务;
(2)能够运用所学知识提出更多的给予病人的建议。
4.教学过程如下:
(1)基于生活再现教学,把学生带入情境。
Step 1 Daily talk
T: Doctor Li is a nice doctor , hes helpful , but always busy, lets have a look at his outpatient department.
T: What do you think of his outpatient department ? Are there lot of people here ?
S: ...
T:Who are in the hospital?
S:...
T: Yes , there are lot of sick people here, and they are not happy. Doctor Li is checking the sick people inside. He has some questions to ask them. If you are Doctor Li, how to ask the questions?
S: ...
上课伊始,老师通过设计许多人排队找优秀的李医生排队看病的情境将课文主题生活化,该情境的设计巧妙、真实、贴切学习情境,让学生不仅学到了知识,还得到了口语的锻炼。
(2)基于生活再现教学的设置,让学生感知语言。
Step 2 Tests (仁爱助手招聘测试)
T: Test 1 , please say out at least five words of illnesses. Go.
S: ...
T: OK, The illnesses are ...
S: ...
T: Very good, so you get the first pass card “仁” , the leaders of the groups, please stick it here. OK, the illnesses are ...
S: ...
T: Now lets go into Test 2 , please say out at least six words of feelings ,first finish Test 2 in your groups, go .
S: ...
T: OK, time is up, lets have a check . The feelings are ...
S: ...
T: Very good, so you get the second pass card “愛” , please stick it here.
T: Now lets go into Test 3 , please watch a vedio and tell me the phrases of the actions.
T:OK, now tell me the phrases of the actions.
S:...
T:Very good, so you get the third pass card “帮” , please stick it here.
T: The actions are ...
S: ...
T:Now lets go into Test 4 , please read the story “Tims Day” , and finish the test.
T: Now , Tim is in the hospital, lets check him, work in pairs , one is Tim , the other is the doctor , first , who wants to be the doctor?
S: ...
T: Now ,its your turn , work in pairs, one is Tim , the other is the doctor.
S: ...
T: Boys and girls, now , you get the fourth pass card “手”.please stick it here.
T: In the test , you did a very job, so you get four pass cards , congratulations”.
Now you can be the helpers of Doctor Li , and there are lots of helpers in our class, you can give much help to Doctor Li, very good .
通过布置给学生任务,让他们集得四张仁爱助手卡,才能成为仁爱小助手这样一个情境,帮助学生在真实的生活化语境中感知语言的学习,巩固了本单元的单词、短语以及句型的用法。这样组织教学不仅激发学生学习的兴趣,更容易让学生进入到情境中,让学生成为活动操练的主角、教学的主体,同时也让教学更富有生命力。
(3)基于生活再现教学的语言操练,让学生掌握语言。
a. Listen and choose
T:Just now, we didnt know the end of the story, now lets read the ending.
Now , Tim is at home, he is not happy. Why ? Why is Tim not happy ? Now you are the helpers of Doctor Li , I think you know the reason, so, tell me, whats wrong with Tim now ?
S:...
T: Now lets listen to Tim and his mum, and tell me:whats wrong with Tim now ? First ,open your books , turn to P45 , read the three questions .
T: Are you ready to listen?
S:...
T: Answer me : What s wrong with Tim?
S: ...
T: Yes , he has a headache.
T: How does he feel?
S:...
T: What should he do ?
S: ...
T: Now, lets listen again, and finish Tims medical record .
T: First, tell me , the diagnoses of Tim , its easy for you.
S: ...
T: Yes , he has a headache and a cold, and his leg hurts.
T:So what should Tim do? And what shouldnt Tim do ?
S: ...
T: Now lets give Tim more advice ,
S:...
T: And what shouldnt Tim do ?
S: ...
b. Think and write
T: As Doctor Lis helpers , you have finished the first task , its your job. Now lets finish the second task, You should give good advice to others .
Look, the children cant take care of themselves, can you give them some advice.
教师通过设计成为优秀的仁爱助手这个情境教学的主题,让学生完成病例和给出建议这两个任务,帮助学生操练语言,启发学生再次材料所学单词和句型,并且感受到用英语的成就感,同时锻炼了学生综合运用语言的能力。总之,这一环节使得学生在课外拓展中再次理解和运用本课所学的语言,通过学生的课堂表现不难看出,基于生活化教学的语言输入和输出是高效的。
(4)基于生活再现教学的情感教育,深化主题。
Step 4 Game time
T: Boys and girls, you are so great, you have finished the second task, now you are the excellent helpers , big hands for yourselves, so heres a game for you. Lets have some fun. First read the rules by yourselves.
Are you ready ?
S: ...
T: I want to play the game first. In the first line , I choose..., in the second line , I choose .., Who has the cards ? Come here , and stick them on the blackboard , then make a sentence.
S: ...
T: Lets have a look . We should...
S: ...
T: So your answer is ...
S:
T:Now , its your turns , who wants to choose?
S: ...
T: Who has the cards ? Stick them on the blackboard , then make a sentence.
T: Lets have a look . …So your answer is …
S:...
T: Next chance...
T: Now , I have a question :Are you happy to be Doctor Lis helpers ?
S: ...
T: As the helpers, you have helped lots of children, and you should help more people.
You should love your family and friends. And you should take care of yourselves.
S: …
T: And heres a sentence for you : Happiness lie in rendering help to others.
教師通过游戏的设计向学生渗透情感目标,体现了生活化的教学主题,寓教于乐,符合了学生的年龄特点,强化了教学内容的主体。
(6)基于生活再现教学的家庭作业的布置,给学生更多空间。
Step 5 Homework
1.通过网络、书籍等方式,了解更多表示疾病类的单词。
2.完成“Test list”,在空格处填入合适的单词或词组 。
教师这样的作业设计,是上一个步骤的延续,基于生活化教学的作业设计让有限的课堂得到了无限的拓展。
总而言之,小学英语情境教学从日常生活着手,有助于挖掘学生的兴趣和兴奋点,将生活体验是带入小学英语课堂,不仅符合小学生的年龄特点和认知规律,还让学生贴近生活,身临其境地走进生活。因此,小学英语教师应把生活再现教学运用到课堂教学当中,与此同时,教师应将生活化教学上升成一种教学思想和理念,时刻指导自己的教学行为。
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