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分叉病变POT—side—POT技术即刻及近期临床疗效分析

2018-01-17江晓波

中外医疗 2018年31期

江晓波

[摘要] 目的 评估分叉病变必要时支架术治疗过程中,主支近端优化-边支扩张-主支近端再优化(POT-side-POT)技术的即刻与近期临床疗效,并对比其与最终对吻球囊扩张(FKBI)技术两种不同方法对冠状动脉分叉病变PCI治疗疗效的影响。 方法 方便选取2016年6月—2017年11月期间,该院心内科冠心病患者通过冠脉造影证实的138个非左主干分叉病变患者,采用必要时支架术式并出现边支受累(边支血流受限,边支闭塞)分为FKBI组(68例)和POT-side-POT组(70例),对比两组患者基线的临床特征,冠脉病变特征以及两组患者QCA参数、术中曝光时间及造影剂使用量。 结果 两组患者基线的临床特征与冠状动脉病变特征、术前即刻和术后即刻的冠状动脉主支和分支冠状动脉检查定量分析(QCA)均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但POT-side-POT组手术操作时间,手术时间,术中曝光时间及造影剂使用量低于FKBD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论POT-side-POT技术可以简化手术步骤,减少手术曝光时间及造影剂使用量,即刻与近期临床疗效不劣于FKBD技术,是PCI治疗冠状动脉分叉病变安全、有效、可行的方法。

[关键词] 分叉病变;必要时支架术;最终球囊对吻扩张;近端优化技术

[中图分类号] R541.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)11(a)-0013-03

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the immediate and short-term clinical efficacy of POT-side-POT in the treatment of bifurcation lesions during stenting. The effect of two different methods of the final kiss balloon expansion (FKBI) technique on the efficacy of PCI in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions. Methods From June 2016 to November 2017, 138 patients with non-left main bifurcation lesions confirmed by coronary angiography in the department of cardiology and coronary heart disease were treated with necessary stenting and side branch involvement. The blood flow was limited and the lateral branch occlusion was divided into FKBI group (68 cases) and POT-side-POT group (70 cases). The clinical characteristics of the baseline and the characteristics of coronary lesions and QCA parameters of the two groups were analyzed. Medium exposure time and amount of contrast agent used. Results There were no significant differences in the clinical features and coronary artery lesions between the two groups, and the quantitative analysis of the main coronary artery and branch coronary artery (QCA) immediately before and immediately after surgery (P>0.05). However, the operation time, surgery time, intraoperative exposure time and contrast agent usage in the POT-side-POT group were lower than those in the FKBD group,the different was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion POT-side-POT technology can simplify the surgical procedure, reduce the exposure time and the amount of contrast agent. The immediate and recent clinical efficacy is not inferior to FKBD technology. It is a safe, effective and feasible method for PCI treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions.

[Key words] Bifurcation lesions; Stenting if necessary; Final balloon-to-kiss expansion; Proximal optimization technique

在冠心病介入治療中,分叉病变约占冠脉病变总数的15%~20%[1],由于分叉病变较低的手术成功率并且有合并分支闭塞的风险,分叉病变一直以来都是冠心病介入治疗的一个挑战。有别于传统的最终对吻球囊扩张(FKBI)策略,主支近端优化-边支扩张-主支近端再优化(POT-side-POT)策略亦称为rePOT策略,是当单支架术式治疗分叉病变时边支受累进行边支处理的一种新型术式[2]。该次对该院2016年6月—2017年11月138个非左主干分叉病变患者采用单支架策略处理,比较两种处理策略的即刻及近期临床疗效观察,为优化分叉病变处理策略提供依据,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

方便收集该院心内科138例冠心病患者经冠脉造影证实的138例非左主干真性分叉病变:分叉病变类型为Medina分型(1,0,1)或(1,1,1)或(0,1,1),采用单支架术式,主支支架植入后出现边支受累(边支血流受限,边支闭塞)。征得患者或家属知情同意后,根据后扩张策略不同分为FKBI组(68例)和POT-side-POT(70例)。排除标准:涉及左主干分叉病变,急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI,慢性闭塞性病变,主支支架植入后边支无明显受累。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 手术方法 穿刺桡动脉或股动脉,通过冠脉造影确定冠脉病变后,置入主支边支导丝,主支血管预扩张,根据主支病变远端直径选择主支支架,支架选择根据患者或患者家属意愿选择EXCEL(雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架)或Resolutetintegrity(左他莫司药物洗脱支架),植入主支支架后,如出现显著边支血流受限,边支闭塞,分为最终对吻球囊扩张(FKBI)组和主支近端优化-边支扩张-主支近端再优化(POT-side-POT)组,主支近端优化-边支扩张-主支近端再优化(POT-side-POT)技策略包括以下手术步骤:①主支、边支导丝进入;②主支支架植入;③应用短的非顺应性球囊对主支支架近段扩张(POT);如出现边支受累:④交换主支边支导丝(边支导丝应通过支架网眼);⑤根据边支直径使用非顺应性球囊对边支进行扩张;⑥最后再予第一次POT使用的非顺应性球囊再次对主支支架近段扩张(rePOT)。对照组按常规最终球囊对吻扩张术式处理。

1.2.2 冠状动脉定量分析 采用PhillipALLuraXper FD20DSA QCA软件测量分叉病变的主支血管,边支血管的术前即刻和术后即刻的影像学指标,包括病变长度,参考血管直径(RVD),最小管腔直径(MLD),直径狭窄度(DS%),均分别测量3次,根据平均值进行统计[3]。

1.2.3 统计方法 使用SPSS 19.0统计学软件对数据进行处理,计量数据用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料用[n(%)]表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 基线临床特征及冠脉病变特征

比较两组患者的年龄,性别构成,既往史,个人史及临床症状及冠脉病变的病变部位,病变类型,主支血管病变长度,边支病变血管长度均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。

2.2 冠状动脉定量分析(QCA)及术中曝光时间及造影剂使用量情况

比较两组患者冠脉病变术前即刻与术后即刻主支血管与边支血管的参考血管直径(RVD),最小管腔直径(MLD),直径狭窄度(DS%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但FKBD组手术时间,术中曝光时间及造影剂使用量均高于POT-side-POT组(P<0.05),见表2。

3 讨论

基于大多数的随机控制试验和荟萃分析结果,单支架术式(或必要时支架术式)以其较好的临床预后,作为分叉病变介入治疗的首选术式[4-6],然而如何优化手术策略来更好地改善预后仍存在争议[7]。单支架术式主支支架植入后存在导致边支血管闭塞或边支血流受限风险[8]。然而部分体外模型试验发现,FKBI术中两个球囊扩张可导致支架近段过度扩张,导致支架近段呈椭圆形,影响支架对称性及支架应力的改变,并且FKBI技术需要在指引导管中同时进入两个球囊并定位,增加手術操作的难度及增加造影剂的使用[9]。POT-side-POT技术作为一种新的后扩张技术,理论上第一次POT通过改变近端支架网眼形态而有利于导丝重入边支支架网眼,行边支扩张后,第二次POT可以修正边支网眼扩张后的支架变形,同时又可以保证支架近段圆形形状,并在体外模型试验中得到证实[10]。

该研究通过比较FKBI和POT-side-POT两种后扩张技术在分叉病变单支架术式中的应用,结果表明两种技术的PCI术后即刻冠状动脉造影QCA结果无显著性差异,但POT-side-POT技术简化了手术操作,缩短了手术时间,明显降低了造影剂用量及曝光时间。由此可见,POT-side-POT作为一种新的后扩张技术值得推广。该研究属于回顾性队列研究,样本量小,非随机的试验设计,不同的支架药物涂层以及支架平台的使用等局限性,导致其结果存在偏倚,且POT-side-POT的长期临床疗效有待进一步证实。

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(收稿日期:2018-08-05)