陈家泠:向世界讲述绘画的中国故事
2018-01-09刘慧
刘慧
与时代同行,绘壮美河山——金秋时节,浙籍中国画名家陈家泠艺术大展在中国国家博物馆展出。布置在4大展厅的百余件作品,精彩呈现了陈家泠近5年来推陈出新创作的主题山水巨作:从延安、梁家河到井冈山、太行山,从浑厚华滋的中国水墨画到传统陶瓷绘画等,构建了饱含浪漫主义精神、大气与美感兼备的笔墨精神,集中表现了他坚守艺术理想、坚持服务人民的情怀。展览也是艺术家献给中共十九大的一份真挚厚礼。
陈家泠生于1937年,1963年毕业于浙江美术学院(今中国美术学院),目前是中国国家画院首聘研究员、上海大学美术学院国画系教授。陈家泠是上世纪80年代以来中国画创新历程中最具代表性的画家之一,他用心灵在时代与传统中构建美学坐标,在艺术和生活中凸显人的精神和生命状态。
匠心独具 深情描绘新西湖
这是一张中国国家博物馆发出的请柬——上面印着陈家泠为G20杭州峰会创作的著名国画《西湖景色》,湖光云影,温馨入怀。
2016年9月4日,出席G20杭州峰会欢迎仪式的各国元首、国际组织领导人合影留念的背景画,就是高2米、宽5米的《西湖景色》。2017年9月5日,陈家泠专程赶到杭州西子宾馆,小心翼翼地将这幅巨作送往国家博物馆。
回顾这幅画的创作过程,陈家泠说:“我毕业于西子湖畔的浙江美术学院,我曾系统地画过西湖十景,西湖秀美典雅的氤氲水气,早已打湿了我的心。”他受邀为G20杭州峰会创作一幅全新的西湖图,然而画过西湖的人太多了,如何才能画出让人耳目一新的当代新西湖?又如何让外国友人读懂独特的中国水墨语言,感悟西子湖的独特韵味?难题,显而易见。他笑言:“突然有一天,我想到了‘峰这个字。峰会,峰会,我何不画群峰胜水,来烘托这一盛会?”在陈家泠心底的画板上,西湖可以与世界上最漂亮的地方媲美,同样,西湖也象征着当代中国的开放与包容。
对西湖的真挚热爱,激起陈家泠极大的创作欲望。他给自己定下了“画西湖生命之水,画人类之大情怀”的目标:杭州有深厚的历史底蕴和人文内涵,作为南宋古都,有别于北方的厚重端凝。这里的山水灵气十足,因此技法上既要写实又要写意,才能描摹这人间的胜景。
无疑,陈家泠是活跃在当今中国艺术界的扛旗人物。改革开放初期,他是最早走出国门,接触世界现代美术的国画家之一。无论是在德国艺术学院的讲台上、在著名画廊和拍卖行中,还是在美国艺术评论家库恩所著《当代中国美术史》的封面上,陈家泠个性鲜明的观点和作品,都代表了中国画的创新和自信。
未能抛得杭州去,一半勾留是此湖。这次,陈家泠巧用淡妆点缀西湖,衬托盛会的隆重:淡妆,是温润的色彩,轻盈的构图,代表了当代中国的活力。这种软实力的含蓄,象征着气定神闲的优雅。
《西湖景色》,一幅陈家泠绘画语言的淡妆墨韵。与传统水墨不同的是,陈家泠更重视色彩——那些重重叠叠渲染的淡彩水墨,从淡到浓,从虚到实,烟雨朦胧,自然天趣——这缘于杭州人陈家泠从小到大对西湖的一往情深。
从《西湖景色》中,人们分别看到了画家的两种天性:静逸和抒情。数十年来,陈家泠一边吸收传统文化,一边融会现代精神。这种富有东方意韵的新艺术,是从传统文化里生长出来的新颖审美图式,带着他的思想、带着时代意象,走向更加广阔的地平线。
丹青抒怀 万里江山笔下生
此次“陈家泠艺术大展”,与《西湖景色》一起展出的还有不少他近5年来创作、首次与观众见面的巨幅画作。它们是陈家泠深入基层采风写生的结晶,也是他为时代发声的新探索,更是变“写生”为“意构”、化“写境”为“意境”的成功之作。
四望展厅,那些令人震撼的巨幅画作画面雄浑壮美,一片勃勃生机,充满了浪漫主义色彩。久久伫立,细细品味,观者自然而然地融入到这些雄山大川之中——
先看《延安晨韵》,黄土高坡质朴豪放、沟壑雄奇,晨光若隐若现,树木葱茏接天——黄与绿,漫过一道道山来一道道沟,让人感受到一股巨大的精神力量。
宝塔山下,延河岸边,画家的人生经验和艺术技法都有所突破。陳家泠说,他眼里的延安是熠熠生辉的,它的光亮意味深长,那是生命力、活力、朝气凝聚而成的希望之光。
再看《井冈主峰》,群峰苍翠、山川秀美,美丽、崇高、气度得到了充分体现,观者更能从中体会到昂扬向上的生命力。正如陈家泠所言,他表现的是祖国朝气蓬勃的万千气象,把山川的郁郁葱葱融化在历史的厚重和时代的空间里。
重上井冈山,弹指一挥间。50多年前,刚从浙江美术学院毕业的陈家泠曾登上井冈山主峰。随着人生阅历的不断丰富,几十年后再上井冈山,陈家泠对革命精神和山川自然的理解也发生了深刻变化,因而笔下的井冈山更有了无限的生机和活力。
站在《太行山铁壁铜墙》前,你可以感受到革命战士身上不怕牺牲、勇往直前的精神。这就是理想和信念,激励着一代代中国人为振兴中华而奋斗。
跟随陈家泠,爬过一坡又一坡,走过一村又一村。
突然,呈现在你眼前的是《梁家河可美了》:一片灿若彩霞的桃花,是那么摇曳多姿;一片漫山遍野的映山红,是那么洒脱热烈。画面恣肆通达,却大有厚积薄发之势……
陈家泠就是这样,擅于抓住大自然变化的生动情景,描绘出壮美山河的千情万态。
他以传神画笔再现祖国山川的锦绣壮丽,如一首山河史诗;他以水墨表现社会,处处洋溢着人民生活的幸福感、喜悦感。他始终肩负着艺术家的职责使命,描绘时代画卷,诠释时代精神,以美术传承历史,抒写新的篇章。endprint
图像重构 瓷上荷花别样红
你无法想象,偌大展厅里会有如此美景——西湖六月中,荷花别样红。而这绿荷,是盛开在需3人才能合抱的13只巨型大缸上。
从没看到有人在大型瓷器上画荷花,陈家泠是第一人!
这么多的巨型大缸,画了多久?又是怎样烧造成功的?
其实,早在2013年,陈家泠的瓷器绘画作品就已被国家博物馆收藏。在他看来,中国是瓷器的故乡,中国的瓷器制造技术传到世界各国,为中外文化交流作出了重要贡献。在英语中,“瓷器”与“中国”同为China一词。“一个中国的艺术家怎能不认识瓷器、热爱瓷器、表达瓷器?”
在陈家泠心中,一只巨型大缸,就如同一只大鼎,因为“鼎”象征着国家的庄重、鼎盛与大气——他就是想通过展览让观众看到祖国的繁荣昌盛,为身处这样一个伟大的时代而无比自豪。
这次展出的13只巨型大缸,正是陈家泠艺术创作的又一次创新之举——《步步生莲》和《喜笑颜开》两个系列的釉里红,以荷花与石榴象征和美世界,表达对生活真挚的爱。
从2016年开始,陈家泠在瓷都景德镇烧造了40只大缸,每画一只大缸需耗时5个昼夜,一窑只能烧三四只,每一次开窑却可能没有一只成功。这位80岁的老人不停地想、不停地画,断断续续在景德镇待了一年多。
杭州,是陈家泠生于兹、长于兹的故乡。他以独特的感受和领悟,探索表现家乡的醇厚美丽——他要把西湖的荷,画在这些大缸上,让全世界人民欣赏。
清澈情怀,“步步生莲”。9月6日,陈家泠从上海赶往景德镇,为国博大展挑选作品。当笔者在景德镇望龙陶瓷厂遇见陈家泠时,他正像个孩子一样兴高采烈——“40只大缸烧成了15只,当然这已经是很奢侈了!”
与水墨国画不同的是,陈家泠绘制的瓷器作品更重视色彩,那重重叠叠或淡或浓的水墨渲染,从虚到实,自然天趣,风中摇曳的荷花空灵飘逸……心灵语境,构建了陈家泠的艺术审美坐标。
笔墨出新 淡妆浓抹总相宜
家乡和西湖,在陈家泠的笔下出现过无数次,为了这次国博大展,他又一次创作了《西湖十景》。
“西湖十景太有名了,你要画,人们就等着看你的艺术修养、技术含量到底到了什么程度。”对陈家泠来说,在技巧和修养上,这是一个挑战。
他画“曲院风荷”,自认为是在“重彩”课题上的突破——荷花红色亮丽,但绝不艳俗,配以绿叶,高洁飘逸,充满了东方神韵。
“越是美,就越难画,西湖就像东方美女,线条太柔和、微妙和含蓄了。”陈家泠说,线条的运用成功与否,是一个艺术家成熟的标志,也是一种胆气。
画“柳浪闻莺”,他用长线条,传达风吹杨柳的动态;“双峰插云”,他运用点笔表达空灵;“断桥残雪”,雪在水面上似化非化;“三潭印月”,月光似水清澈;“南屏晚钟”,溪流如钟声,竟有潺潺流淌之感……
展厅里,《西湖十景》每景由5个连屏构成,每屏5米宽、2.3米高。“画西湖,就要画出她的文化含量。”在陈家泠心里,西湖是活的,有生命力的。
从《西湖景色》到《西湖十景》,缘于陈家泠从小到大对西湖的一往情深。他说:“从传统艺术中钻进去,再钻出来,我感到自己在绘画上已进入一个自由和灵动的状态。”他的创作形成了一种全新的开放性艺术语汇,一种鲜活的生命气象,代表着这个时代的新水墨精神。国家博物馆馆长吕章申说,展览结束后,《西湖十景》将由国博永久收藏。
“我是踏著时代脉搏走来的。”陈家泠一句话概括了他的创作。他说,人是应该有信仰、有追求的,山和花的精气神充分体现了中国人绵延数千年的精神气质。艺术家要永远保持对祖国、对人民的赤子之心。因此,他的绘画中,既有丰富的浪漫主义精神又饱含现实主义精神,建构起心灵融通的美学意境,传递出振奋人心的精神力量。
澄怀天地,观道时代,陈家泠把这一原则作为美学的终极追求。
Chen Jialing Holds Solo Show at National Art Museum
By Liu Hui
The 81-year-old Chen Jialing, a professor with the Department of Traditional Chinese Painting of the Art Academy of Shanghai University, held a solo show at National Art Museum of China from September 17 to October 15, 2017. This was the culmination of the artists 60-plus -year career.
A native of Hangzhou, Chen studied art at Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, the predecessor of China Academy of Art based in the capital city of Zhejiang Province. Upon graduation in 1963, he was employed by Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts.
Chen Jialing has been one of the most high-profile Chinese artists since the 1980s. In the 1980s, he was among the first Chinese artists who went international. From the 1980s to the first few years of the 21st century, he exhibited his works of art in more than 20 countries and regions such as Japan, USA, Germany, and France.endprint
Chen is a creative and versatile artist. He has made innovations in traditional painting and successfully explored the properties of various painting materials. His graceful style integrates various elements of landscape, figure, flowers-birds, all being subgenres in traditional Chinese painting. By absorbing the elements from painting, porcelain, embroidery, furniture, garments, he has convincingly demonstrated how art can present three dimensional images.
The finest artwork he has created is very probably the huge landscape he painted for the G20 Summit Meeting in Hangzhou in 2016. The 2-meter-tall, 5-meter-wide served as the background when heads of states and international organizations stood together for a group photo to mark the historical occasion. Thanks to his reputation both as a representative Chinese traditionalist and innovative artist, Chen was commissioned to create a painting of the West Lake for the key international event. He had painted the top ten highlights of the West Lake. This time, the artist wanted to create something original, something traditional yet unseen before. After all, too many artists had painted West Lake. One day, he hit upon the idea of highlighting peaks around the West Lake in his new creation. This inspiration laid the foundation for the painting since it was a summit meeting.
Unlike some traditional artists, Chen applied layers of colors and the thick colors reflect his passion for the lake in his heart and soul. Serenity and lyricism, two outstanding features of his artistic persona, makes the painting irresistible.
After the G20 Summit, the painting stayed at the venue in Hangzhou for about a year, attracting many visitors from near and far to admire it. On September 5, 2017 he came to Hangzhou personally to see off the huge artwork on its journey from the venue to the National Art Museum of China in Beijing.
On display at the exhibition were many artworks he specially created for this exhibition. Many were created in the past five years, including those portraying revolutionary cradles in the first half of the 20th century and singing of the achievements China has scored over the past decades. Outstanding were huge paintings under a general title of . Each scene is composed of five pieces and each piece is 5 meters wide and 2.3 meters tall.
Also on display at the exhibition were 13 giant porcelain vats made by him and his son together. The paintings on the jars were his. Chen Jialing turned to porcelain art in 2000. Over years he experimented and perfected. The 13 vats came out of a batch of 40, fired at a kiln in Jingdezhen, a capital of porcelain making in Jiangxi Province. From 2016 on, he spent about a year in Jingdezhen to paint and make the 40 vats. Usually he needed five days and nights to complete a painting on a vat and only 3 or 4 vats could be fired together at a kiln. Sometimes all the vats in one kiln could be failures. Altogether only 15 of the 40 were without blemishes.
The thirteen on display were in two series: lotus flowers and pomegranates. The vats are so huge that it takes three persons to spread their arms and touch each other from fingertip to fingertip to hold around a single vat.endprint