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单元点拨与高考链接

2018-01-06吴涛

中学课程辅导·高考版 2018年9期
关键词:句首真题连词

吴涛

Module 9 Unit 1

一、词汇

1. ambiguous adj.(L.1, P.14)“模糊不清的,引起歧义的”,如:

His answer was ambiguous. 他的答复是含糊的。

ambiguous requirement definitions模糊的需求定义

【拓展】 ambiguously adv. ambiguousness n. 含混;歧义性

【高考真题回放】 The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But              explanations are hard to find. (2017江苏卷34)

A. alternative B. aggressive

C. ambiguous D. apparent

【解析】 A。本题考查形容词。alternative可供替代的;aggressive好斗的,有进取心的;ambiguous 模糊不清的,模棱两可的,不明确的;apparent显而易见的。句意:恐龙的消失未必是由天文事件引起的,但是难以找到其他解释。故选A。

2. occasion n. (P.9) ① [C]时刻,时节;② [C]重要的庆祝活动;③ [U]场合,时机。如:

Ive met with him on several occasions. 我已见过他好几次。

I bought a new dress just for the occasion. 就为这次活动,我买了一身新衣服。

The conference is an occasion for different countries to exchange views. 這次大会是不同国家交流看法的一个好时机。

【拓展】 on occasion有时,间或;occasional adj.偶尔的;occasionally adv. 偶尔地

【高考真题回放】 An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered              a long lost antique Greek vase. (2013湖北卷30)

A. at random B. by chance

C. in turn D. on occasion

【解析】 B。at random任意地,随便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;in turn转而,反过来,依次;on occasion有时,间或;此处是指一个艺术家偶然发现了一个古希腊花瓶,所以选B。解题的关键在于正确理解和把握固定词组的多个含义。

3. owe vt. (L.18, P.14)“欠某人钱;归功于;归因于”,常见的用法有:

owe sb. money欠某人钱;owe sb. for sth.因为某事亏欠某人;owe it to sb. to do sth. 做某事归功于某人;owe sb. an apology / explanation欠某人一个解释或道歉

【拓展】 owing to因为,表示原因的同义词组有:due to; as a result of; on account of; because of thanks to等。

【真题回放】             his broken legs, Tom was forced to abandon the coming provincial sports meeting, which made him very depressed. (2015扬州期末)

A. In case of B. In terms of

C. On top of D. On account of

【解析】 D。本题考查介词短语。句意:因为腿断了,汤姆不得不放弃即将到来的省运会,这让他非常沮丧。in case of万一;in terms of就……而言;on top of除……之外;on account of因为,由于。根据句意选D正确。

4. equip vt. (L.25, P.14) “装配,配备” 常见用法:be equipped to do装备来做某事;equip sth. / sb. with sth. 用……对某事/某人进行装备;equip sb. with sth. 使某人具备某种知识、技能等;equip sb. to do sth. 使某人具备某种知识、技能来做某事。如:

The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons. 士兵们配备着最新式的武器。

So he gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in medicine. 于是他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行医学研究。

【拓展】 be equipped with装配,安装;be equipped for准备好,对……有准备;equipment n.设备,装备(不可数名词)

【高考真题回放】 She              the carpet with some very nice curtains in color. (2013江西卷31)

A. connected B. fitted

C. equipped D. matched

【解析】 D。句意:她把彩色的漂亮窗帘与地毯搭配起来。A connect... with“用……把……连接起来”;B 与fit经常搭配的介词是to,“使……适合……,适应”;C equip... with... “用……装备、使具备”;D match... with “使……相配”。

二、短语、句型或语法

5. For those who love natural recreation, it is possible to walk, sail, cross-country ski for hours—or even days—without meeting another person. (L.11, P.2) 對于热爱户外娱乐活动的人来说,参加远足、帆船运动, 越野滑雪时, 他们可能好几个小时甚至好几天都碰不到一个人。

【点拨】 who引导定语从句,在从句中担任主语,不能省略。由于先行词是those,不用that引导。

【高考真题回放】 Self-driving is an area              China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. (2018江苏卷23)

A. that B. where

C. which D. when

【答案】 B。

【点拨】 possible 表示 (做某件事是) 可能的,不能用某人或某物做主语。掌握这样两个句型:It is possible / probable / likely (for sb.) to do sth.;sb. / sth. is likely to do sth. 如:

她可能解决那个问题。

[×] She is possible to solve the problem.

[√] It is possible for her to solve the problem. = She is likely to solve the problem.

6. Canada is one of the largest countries in the world, second only to Russia... (L.1, P.2) 加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一,仅次于俄国……。

【点拨】 second only to 仅次于……;second to none 最好的;首屈一指的。如:

In terms of scoring goals, he was second only to Liu Xiang during the match. 这场比赛中,他得分仅次于刘翔。

We will provide a service second to none. 我们将提供最为优质的服务。

【拓展】 短语中介词to有“比较”的意思。类似的短语有:be junior to比……年轻,比……资格浅;be senior to 比……年长,比……资格老; be superior to比……优越, 胜过……;be inferior to比……差,不如……。

【高考真题回放】 Im so              to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. (2015安徽卷26)

A. special B. superior

C. grateful D. attractive

【解析】 C。句意:我非常感激所有的志愿者,因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。A特殊的;B优秀的,比……好的;C感激的;D有吸引力的。根据句意可知,这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情,故选C。

7. In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is often called the CN Tower for short. (L.22, P.2) 加拿大国家电视塔坐落于多伦多市中心,通常简称CN塔。

Adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Lingen Palace, ... (L.18, P.30)陵恩殿以其简单设计和彩绘内顶而闻名,为长陵增添了宏伟与壮丽。

【点拨】 这两句为倒装句。句首状语是表示地点的介词短语或某些表示方向的副词 (here, there, up, down, now, then, in, out, away, off) 时,完全倒装。但主语如为人称代词时,则不能倒装。为了句子平衡,我们经常把-ed形式,-ing形式,形容词等放置在句首,并且将谓语动词提到主语前面。如:

On the hill in front of them stood a great castle. 在他们面前的山上有一座大的城堡。

Present at the meeting are teachers teaching 30 years. 出席会议的是任教30年的教师。

【拓展】 部分倒装是指(1) so, nor, neither; (2) 虚拟语气中if省略; (3) 否定词作状语位于句首;(4) “only + 状语”位于句首;(5) 在so... that, such... that等结构中,so,such位于句首;(6)在there be结构中。

【高考真题回放】 Not until recently              the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. (2016江苏卷34)

A.they had encouraged B. had they encouraged

C. did they encourage D. they encouraged

【答案】 C。

8. Montreal, a port in the province of Quebec, ..., Paris being the largest. (L.24, P.2) 魁北克省内的港口城市蒙特利尔是加拿大第二大城市,也是世界上仅次于巴黎的第二大法语城市。

With most of its population living near the coast, swimming and surfing are popular activities... (L.21, P.14) 由于大部分人口都住在沿海地区,游泳和冲浪是最受喜欢的运动。

【点拨】 Paris being the largest是一个独立主格结构,在句中做状语,补充说明。相当于and Paris is the largest. With most of its population living near the coast 是一个独立主格结构在句中做原因状语。相当于Because most of its population live near the coast, ... 独立主格结构的构成:(with) + 名词/代词 + 形容词/副词/介词短语/分词或不定式。 如:

Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. 明天如果天气好,我们就进行比赛。

With so much homework to do, he hurried home. 有那么多作业要做,他很快回去了。

【高考真题回放】 Much time              sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. (2015江蘇卷24)

A. being spent B. having spent

C. spent D. spending

【答案】 C

9. For fans of this sport, though, it is an art form. (L.38, P.15) 但对于热爱这项运动的人而言,它是一种艺术。

【点拨】 though此处用作副词,前后都用逗号与主句隔开,意为“然而、但是”。如:

He said he would come to the party; he didnt, though. 他说他会来参加晚会的,然而没来。

【拓展】 though还可以用作连词引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。如:

Although / Though he is young, (yet) he knows a lot. 尽管他年轻,然而他懂得很多东西。

【高考真题回放】              scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still dont know. (2015安徽卷23)

A. Once B. Since

C. Though D. Unless

【答案】 C。

10. So, while a high percentage of Australians may be people who watch sports rather than do them, Australia is indeed a great sporting nation. (L.51, P.15) 因此,虽然相当比例的澳大利亚人只观看体育比赛,而不参与运动,但澳大利亚仍不愧是体育大国。(L.51, P.15)

【点拨】 在这个句子当中,while引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管,虽然”,相当于though。如:While I understand your viewpoint, I dont agree with you. 虽然我了解你的观点,我还是不能同意你的观点。

【拓展】 除此之外,while还有名词、并列连词和从属连词(引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”,“在……期间”。如:He was taking a bath while I was preparing dinner. 我准备晚餐的时候他在洗澡。)的用法。

【高考真题回放】              the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp. (2015福建卷31)

A. While B. Unless

C. Since D. Until

【答案】 A。

Module 9 Unit 2

一、词汇

1. decoration n. (L.19, P.30) 装饰,装修,装潢

The house is wonderful. But I dont like the decorations.房子不错,不过我不喜欢里面的装潢。

【拓展】 decorate vt. 装饰,装潢;decorative adj. 装饰的,装潢的;decorator n.装饰家

【高考真题回放】 —The town is so beautiful! I just love it. (2013江苏卷23)

—Me too. The character of the town is well             .

A. qualified B. preserved

C. decorated D. simplified

【解析】 B。动词的过去分词已具备形容词的性质。be qualified合格的;有资格的;be well preserved保存完好的;be well decorated装饰得很漂亮的;be simplified被简化的。根据句意,选B。句意:——这座小镇是如此美丽!我真是喜欢它。——我也是。小镇的特色保存得很完好。

2. (1) associate vt.(L.16, P.18)使……发生联系,使联合;association n. 如:

We associate China with the Great Wall.我们说起中国,就会想到长城。

(2) register vt. 登记,注册;n. 花名册,登记簿 (L.47, P.31) 如:

He registered the birth of his child.他登记了孩子的出生日期。

【拓展】 register for为……而报名登记;register with到某人处登记;be registered as登记注册为……。

【高考真题回放】 According to the law, all foreigners have to              with the local police within two weeks of arrival. (2013湖北卷24)

A. associate B. dispute

C. negotiate D. register

【解析】 D。register登記,注册;associate(使)发生联系;(使)联合;结交;联想;dispute辩论,争论;negotiate谈判,协商;此处是指所有的外国人都必须在抵达两周内到当地警察局登记。

3. appoint vt. (L.89, P.19) 任命,委任;指定 (时间、地点),如:

Who shall we appoint as chairperson? 我们委派谁担任主席呢?

【拓展】 appointment n. 委任,约会;make an appointment with sb.和某人约会;at the appointed time在约定的时间

【真题回放】              to work in an international company, he felt it both stressful and challenging. (2014南通一模)

A. Being appointed B. To be appointed

C. Having appointed D. Appointed

【解析】 D。本题考查非谓语动词。句意:被任命到一家跨国公司工作,他感到既有压力又有挑战。He和appoint之间是被动关系(be appointed to do sth.),被任命,故选D。

4. inspiration n. (L.9, P.25) 灵感,启发灵感的人 (或事物)。如:

Many poets have drawn their inspiration from nature.许多诗人从大自然中获得灵感。

【真题回放】 The Chinese womens volleyball team won the World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest             . (2015镇江期中)

A.inspirations B.expectations

C.invitations D.cooperations

【解析】 B。本题考查名词词义辨析。句意:中国女排赢得了世界杯,这大大超出我们的预料。inspiration灵感;expectation期待,预料;invitation邀请;cooperation合作。根据句意应选B。

二、短语、句型或语法

5. It is apparent that the Qing Tombs are influenced by the Ming Tombs, ... (L.28, P.30) 清陵明显受到明陵的影响,……。

【点拨】 主语从句可以放在复合句的句首,但通常是用it作形式主语,而将主语从句放在句尾。如果主语从句用于疑问句中,则必须用it作形式主语而把主语从句后置。

【拓展】 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。考点一:从句的语序必须用陈述句语序;考点二:连词的使用。1.引导主语从句的连词:从属连词:that, whether;连接代词:who, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever;连接副词:when, where, why, how。 2.引导宾语从句的连词:从属连词:that, whether, if;连接代词:who, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever;连接副词:when, where, why, how。 3.引导表语从句的连词:从属连词:that, whether, as if, because(当主语为it, this, that);连接代词:who, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever;连接副词:when, where, why, how。 4.引导同位语从句的连词:从属连词:that, whether;连接代词:who, whom, which, what;连接副词:when, where, why, how。

【高考真题回放】 By boat is the only way to get here, which is     we arrived. (2018江苏卷21)

A. where B. when

C. why D. how

【答案】 D。

6. No one has had a greater influence on Western civilization than the ancient Greeks. (L.1, P.18)没有任何人对西方文明的影响比希腊人更大。

【点拨】 形容词、副词的比较级与否定式连用表示最高级的意思。如:

—What do you think of the plan? —I cant agree more. Its perfect.

——你觉得这个计划怎么样? ——我非常同意。这个计划很完美。

【高考真题回放】 —You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you dont.

—            . Confidence is really important. (2012天津卷5)

A. Its not my cup of tea

B. Thats not the point

C. I dont think so

D. I couldnt agree more

【答案】 D。

7. The Roman alphabet is a Greek invention, as is the marathon, a long distance race created in honour of a Greek soldier to report the victory... (L.6, P.18)罗马字母是希腊发明,马拉松比赛也是希腊发明,一项长距离比赛来纪念一个希腊士兵来报告胜利……

【点拨】 as conj. 表示“对……情况也是一样”之意,引导从句,且采用不完全倒装。如:

Tom is very clever, as is his son. 汤姆很聪明,他儿子也是的。

【拓展】 除此之外,as还可以用作连词引导定语从句,状语从句(比较、时间、原因、让步),表示“尽管、正如、随着、原因”。

【高考真题回放】 The number of smokers,              is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. (2015江苏卷21)

A. it B. which

C. what D. as

【解析】 D。本題考查定语从句。句意:据报道,这一年抽烟的人数就下降了17%。as is reported正如所报道的,as is well-known众所周知,as is shown正如所表明的,as is pointed out正如所指出的,as is often the case正如通常的情况。

8. Later, they used the Parthenon as a warehouse and packed it with gunpowder. 后来,他们将帕台农神庙作为储存军火的仓库。(L.47, P.18)

【点拨】 短语use... as...“把……用作……”。as在这里表示“作为”的意思。如:

He has worked as a pilot of the president.他曾任总统的飞行员。

【拓展】 常见含as(意为“作为”)的短语有:work as以……身份工作;serve as用作……;act as作为……用;look up to... as把……尊为……;regard...as / consider...as / think of...as认为……是……;treat sb. as把某人当成……

【高考真题回放】 Lets learn to use the problem we are facing              a stepping-stone to future success. (2008全国卷I)

A. to B. for

C. as D. by

【答案】 C。

9. In 1816, these sculptures were turned over to the British Museum. (L.60, P.18) 1816年,这些雕塑被移交给大英博物馆。

【点拨】 turn sth. over to sb. “把……移交给(他人管理)”

【拓展】 turn to somebody for help向某人求助; turn up 出现,到来;调高(音量等);turn away打发走; turn down调低;拒绝; turn in上交; turn into变成; turn off关掉; turn on打开; turn out生产;结果是

【高考真题回放】 Tom had to     the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. (2015天津卷10)

A. turn in B. turn down

C. turn over D. turn to

【解析】 B。本题考查动词词组辨析。句意:因为太忙,汤姆不得不拒绝上周末的晚会的邀请。Turn in 上交;turn down拒绝;turn over翻过去;turn to向某人求助。根据句意选B。

10. ... in 1801, when an Englishman, Lord Elgin, cut them off the face of the Parthenon, and took them to London.(L.54-59, P.18)当时英国人埃尔金勋爵把这些雕塑从帕台农神庙的建筑表层切割下来,运往伦敦。

【点拨】 非限制性定语从句起补充作用,如果省略,不影响主句意义的完整;一般要用逗号与主句隔开;修饰先行词,也可以修饰部分或整个主句;不用that以及why引导。关系词不能省略。

【高考真题回放】 Opposite is St. Pauls Church,              you can hear some lovely music. (2015北京卷24)

A. which B. that

C. when D. where

【答案】 D。

11. In 1616, he was given permission to make a trip to South America to look for gold on behalf of King James. (P.27) 他被允许代表詹姆斯国王去南美洲寻找黄金。

【点拨】 on behalf of “代表某人”如:Dont trouble to do it on my behalf. 不要为了我去麻烦了。

由“介词 + 名词 + 介詞”构成的短语还有:in charge of掌管,负责;in control of控制;in memory of纪念;in honor of纪念;向……表示敬意;in / with regard to关于;in favor of赞同,支持; in addition to除……以外;on top of在……上方;除……之外;in response to作为对……的回应、答复。

【高考真题回放】 These comments came             specific questions often asked by local newsmen. (2015浙江卷17)

A. in memory of B. in response to

C. in touch with D. in possession of

【解析】 B。句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of意为纪念, B. in response to意为回应,C. in touch with意为联系,D. in possession of意为“拥有”。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。

12. Along the Scared Way, which leads to the tombs, you can... (L.11, P.30) 通向陵寝的神道有时被称为石像神道,保存良好。

【点拨】 lead to 课文中意为“通向”;(结果) 导致……,如:

All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

Hiding your anger can only lead to unhappiness. 把氣憋在肚子里只能导致不幸。

【拓展】 ① 导致某人做某事,用lead to sb. / ones doing sth. 或者lead sb. to do sth. 如:

His anger with the teacher led to his shouting loudly in class. 他对老师的怨气导致他在教室里大叫大嚷。

② n. “引导,带头,领先”如:gain / have / take the lead in the race在赛跑中领先

【高考真题回放】 With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a             for the better. (2013江苏卷33)

A. share B. chance

C. turn D. lead

【解析】 C。本题考查固定短语在语境中的应用。A. take a share分担……;为……出力;B. take a chance冒险;C. take a turn转弯,转; (情况、形势等) 转变;D. take a lead领先,带头。根据本句for the better的提示,可见是讲转变,变得更好。句意:有了源于其他食品文化的灵感,美国饮食文化可以变得更好。

13. ... as it stresses to everyone their extreme importance and value.(L.43, P.31)……因为这向世人强调了它们极大的重要性和宝贵价值。

【点拨】 stress vt. 着重,强调。如:

He stressed the point that we should be on time.他强调的一点是我们必须准时。

【拓展】 n. 压力,重压;紧迫,紧张。如:

in times of stress在艰难困苦之时;under stress of weather迫于恶劣的天气; 常用短语:lay(或place, put) stress on (或upon) 把重点放在……上

【高考真题回放】 One of the most effective ways to reduce                   is to talk about feeling with someone you trust. (2015浙江卷15)

A. production B. stress

C. energy D. passive

【答案】 B。

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