常见的英语主从复合句
2017-12-22范怀涛
从句是组成句子的高级结构,能够提升学生的写作水平。然而部分考生难以分清从句的类型而乱用、错用引导词,因此,非常有必要寻找科学有效的方法对从句,特别是部分特定的主从复合句给以分类、归纳、熟记并加以训练和利用,这样就考生们就一定能够在高考的书面表达中获取高分。
1. 首先判断是否下列特定词后的从句
1.1 下列名词后的从句常用that 引导(同位语从句,that不可省):
1) News / Word (消息) came that...
2) information, belief, fact, order, hope, thought, truth, evidence, idea, possibility, request, promise, decision, conclusion, proposal 等;
1.2 下列词语后的从句常用where引导:
1) sb. + remain + where...
2) put / leave / lay / place + n. + where + S + V...
(状语从句。另要熟记该句式的被动结构中依然用where)
3) 下列名词后常用where引导定语从句(从句中不缺主语也不缺宾语):
situation, condition, case, race, scene, activity, position, site, point, process, family, job, system;
1.3 表前后转折对比时常见句式:
1) He works hard, while / yet his young brother doesnt. (然而)
2) He works hard; however, his brother hasnt made any progress. (然而)
3) He works hard; his brother hasnt made any progress, though. (然而)
4) Its a great meal, though / although it cost us much money. (尽管)
5) While / Although it is freezing, the boys are playing outdoors. (尽管)
2. 其次判断是否下列特定句式中的从句
2.1 常用when句式:
1) sb. was -ing sth. when... (正在……这时……)
2) sb. was about to do sth. when... (正要……这时……)
3) sb. had -ed sth. when... (刚刚完成……这时……)
4) Days are gone when... (……的日子一去不复返了)
5) occasion + when... (……的状况、环境)
2.2 常用before或since引导的从句:
“It + be + 一段时间 + since / before + S + / does do/ did...”
若be是 is / has been用since表“自……来多久了”;若是be的其他形式则用before表 “才、就 ……”:
2.3 常用as引导的句式:
1) 句首是名词原形、动词原形、或形容词、副词时用as表“虽然,尽管”:
① Child as he is, he knows a lot.
② Much as I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive.
③ Try as he might, he couldnt find a job.
2) 下列句式中常用as, 表:“像,按照”,“正如,正像”
① as sb. did / do / does;
② as (sb. be) told to
③ as is + -ed
④ as ... saying goes
⑤ as is often the case
3. 辨析以下句式中的引導词
① It is / was + not until ... + that ...
② It is / was + not ... but ... + that ...
③ It is / was + because ... + that ...
④ It is / was + 介词 + 时间性词语+ that ...
⑤ It is / was + 时间点 + when ... (时间从句)
4. 结语
从句类型丰富多彩,除以上特定句式外,更多的是一般情况的从句,处理该类问题是均需要分清从句类型并依据不同从句的特定要求判断引导词。掌握基本的从句引导词判定规则并加以时常运用,一定能够很好地提升写作水平。
范怀涛. 英语简明用法解读[M]. 长春: 吉林人民出版社, 2016.
(作者单位:山东省枣庄市第三中学)