玩转2017年高考英语中的“熟词僻义”(2)
2017-10-25侯明慧
本期我们接着给大家介绍2017年全国高考英语真题中的“熟词僻义”,除了继续分享北京卷中的“熟词僻义”之外,这一期我们还将分析全国新课标II卷、江苏卷和浙江卷中的词汇活用。
stamp v.
The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. (2017年北京卷,阅读A篇)
Stamp常用作名词,意为“邮票”。
在这句话中stamp作动词,意为“to put your foot down heavily and noisily on the ground”,即“跺脚;用力踩”。整句话可译为:在训练中的卫斯理安私立學校垒球队的女孩们正等着做下一轮的击球练习,她们跺着脚来取暖。
shock n.
She recovered from the shock. (2017年北京卷,阅读A篇)
Shock常用作动词,意为“使震惊”;也常用作名词,意为“震惊;令人震惊的事”。
在这句话中shock作名词,意为“a medical condition in which you suddenly become very weak and cold and do not react normally, especially after a serious accident or injury”,即“休克”。整句话可译为:她从休克中恢复了知觉。
hit n.
TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children's publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month. (2017年北京卷,阅读B篇)
Hit常用作动词或名词,意为“击;打”。
在这句话中hit作名词,意为“a person or thing that is very popular”,即“很受欢迎的人或事物”。整句话可译为:《TOKNOW杂志》是儿童出版界非常畅销的一本读物,它将富有挑战性的观点和非常有趣的内容结合在一起,每个月都给小粉丝们带来独特的内容。
take n.
The magazine also explores philosophy and well-being to make sure young readers have a balanced take on life. (2017年北京卷,阅读B篇)
Take常用作动词,意为“拿走”。
在这句话中take作名词,意为“someone's attitude or opinion about a situation”,即“某人(对某事的)态度或观点(立场)”。整句话可译为:为了确保小读者们对生活有客观的看法,这本杂志也探讨哲学及幸福这些话题。
put down
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. (2017年全国新课标II卷,阅读C篇)
Put down常表示“放下;记下”。
在这句话中put down意为“to pay part of the total cost of something, so that you can pay the rest later”,即“付订金”。整句话可译为:为了买到一辆Transition,差不多有100人已经支付了10000美元的订金,而当Terrafugia公司本周晚些时候在纽约车展上向公众推介Transition之后,付订金的人数和订金数额都有可能上升。
reasonably adv.
But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well. (2017年江苏卷,完形填空)
Reasonably用作副词,意为“合理地;理智地”。
在这句话中reasonably作副词,意为“to a degree that is fairly good but not very good”,即“尚可;还可以”。整句话可译为:但他很快就发现自己喜欢演奏这种乐器,并投入到了练习之中,所以没用几个月他就演奏得还不错了。
case n.
When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual. (2017年江苏卷,阅读D篇)endprint
Case常用作名词,意为“事例;情况;案件”。
在这句话中case作名词,意为“a set of reasons why something should happen or be done”,即“理由,论据”。整句话可译为:当那些污染行业争辩说我们已经输掉了控制碳污染的这场战斗,并且除了适应别无选择时,这纯属是为给企业照常经营找理由而构思的无稽之谈。
vehicle n.
Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard .nancial times make it more dif.cult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration (融合). (2017年浙江卷,閱读C篇)
Vehicle常用作名词,意为“车辆;交通工具”。
在这句话中vehicle作名词,意为“a way of expressing ideas or of making something happen”,即“(表达思想或使某事发生的)媒介,工具,手段”。整句话可译为:一些拥护移民的人担心,随着经济状况的不景气使得本地人保住工作变得更加困难,这些措施与其说是融合的媒介,更不如说它们会变成不宽容的手段。
lay down
Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. (2017年浙江卷,阅读C篇)
lay down常表示“放下”。
在这句话中lay down意为“to state officially what someone must do or how they must do it”,即“(正式地)规定,制定,声明”。整句话可译为:其他欧洲国家对移民者提出了一项类似的要求,其中有些条款更为严格。
以上便是北京卷、全国新课标II卷、江苏卷和浙江卷这四套高考试题中的“熟词僻义”,希望同学们在平时的学习中多思考,多积累,这样才能在考试中迅速地识别出这些活用词汇,取得好成绩。
作者简介:
侯明慧,自由撰稿人,曾参与编写《英语常见问题解答大词典》等书籍。endprint