1株海绵共生真菌代谢产物的研究
2017-09-23龙海林李康强许文东傅玉萍
龙海林 李康强 许文东 傅玉萍
[摘要] 综合运用各种色谱分离技术对海绵共生真菌Emericella variecolor的固体大米培养基发酵产物进行化学成分研究,利用各种波谱技术进行化学结构鉴定。结果从该真菌的发酵产物中分离得到6个单体化合物,分别鉴定为 (+)2acetyldihydroterrein (1),(+)3acetyldihydroterrein(2),anditomin(3),andilesin A(4),andilesin C(5),andilesin B(6)。其中化合物1和2为新化合物。
[关键词] 海绵共生真菌; Emericella variecolor; 化学成分
Study on metabolites from a spongederived fungus
LONG Hailin, LI Kangqiang, XU Wendong, FU Yuping*
(National Engineer Research Center for the Modernization of Extraction and Separation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Guangzhou Hanfang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510240, China)
[Abstract] We have carried out the investigation on a spongederived fungus,which was identified as Emericella variecolor from the south sea of China. Two new chemical constituents,(+)2acetyldihydroterrein (1) and (+)3acetyldihydroterrein (2),with four known compounds,anditomin (3),andilesin A (4),andilesin C (5) and andilesin B (6),were isolated from this fungus by column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH20, and ODS. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including NMR,HRESIMS,and CD.
[Key words] spongederived fungus; Emericella variecolor; chemical constituents
海洋真菌兼具种属多样、分布广、代谢途经复杂的特性。据统计,已知约71.2万种海洋真菌可栖身诸如水体、底泥、砂石等无机质生境,也可共附生于如藻类、无脊椎动物、鱼类等活体[1]。海绵共生真菌所处的生态环境兼具陆地生态系统无法比拟的高压、高盐、低光照和寡营养的物理胁迫,也存在与其宿主长期协同进化过程中生物选择胁迫,这种胁迫使两者之间发生很多次基因重组或改变[2],其互扰性和易扰性直接影响它们的次生代谢[34]。迄今为止,国内外学者已从海洋动植物共生真菌中发现一些活性分子,有些具有罕见的结构,如从海绵共附生真菌Penicillium terrestre中发现的胆碱酯酶抑制剂sorbiterrin A[5],以及从海绵共附生细菌Ruegeria sp.中发现的新颖抗菌环肽类成分[6]等。国内外学者早在二十世纪六七十年代就已经开始对真菌Emericella variecolor进行化学成分研究,发现了多种类型的化合物,如酮类[7]、萜类[89]、多烯吡喃酮類[10]、苯甲醇类[11]等。为了获得更多的活性化合物,本实验采用大米固体培养基进行微生物发酵,在正常室温条件下培养海绵共生真菌Emericella variecolor 30 d,再用乙酸乙酯萃取大米培养基,之后对提取物进行化学成分分离。在提取物中分离得到6个单体化合物,其中化合物1和2为新化合物,其他4个为已知化合物(图1)。
1 材料
UV谱用JASCO V550 紫外可见分光光度仪测定;旋光值用Autopol Ⅲ automatic polarimeter型旋光仪测定;HRESIMS用Agilent 1100 series LC/MSD Trap SL型质谱仪测定;NMR用Bruker AvanceⅢ 400 MHz核磁共振仪测定;分析型HPLC用Shimadzu LC20AD 液相色谱仪测定,检测器为SPDM20A;半制备使用Alltech LabAlliance Series Ⅲ仪器,配备UV检测器。
硅胶薄层分析使用青岛海洋化工厂的GF254薄层预制板;柱色谱硅胶(200~300目)为青岛海洋化工厂产品;常压反相ODS柱色谱使用的C18填料为日本YMC公司产品;凝胶柱色谱Sephadex LH20使用的是Pharmacia公司产品;分析用HPLC色谱柱为Thermo Scientific BDS Hypersil的C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm);半制备柱为Waters SunfireTM C18柱(10 mm×250 mm,5 μm);所有试剂为分析纯或色谱纯。
实验用菌种E. variecolor分离自中国南海采集到的海绵,菌种保藏于北京大学天然药物及仿生药物国家重点实验室。
2 提取与分离
菌株E. variecolor在经过30 d大米培养基发酵后,将大米发酵物充分破碎,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,减压浓缩后得到粗提物20 g,粗提物用80%甲醇混悬后用石油醚萃取3次,减压回收甲醇水部位得到粗浸膏约10 g。粗浸膏首先用常压ODS柱色谱分离,洗脱剂为30%,40%,50%,60%,70%甲醇梯度洗脱,得到5个流分(Fr.1~Fr.5)。Fr.3(5.2 g)再次进行硅胶 (200~300目,300 g) 柱色谱,以CH2Cl2CH3OH(100∶1,50∶1,30∶1,15∶1,10∶1)梯度洗脱,相同组分合并,得到6个流分(Fr.3.1~Fr.3.6),其中Fr.3.3为化合物3(1.8 g),Fr.3.5为化合物4(1.6 g),Fr.3.1(0.5 g)再经半制备液相 [CH3CNH2O(70∶30)] 色谱分离,得到化合物1(8 mg)和2(10 mg),Fr.3.4(180 mg)和Fr.3.6(160 mg)分别用半制备液相 [CH3CNH2O(70∶30)] 色谱纯化,分别得到化合物5(52 mg)和化合物6(48 mg)。endprint
3 結构鉴定
化合物1 为白色粉末;[α]20D+ 40.1(c 1.15,MeOH);高分辨电喷雾质谱(HRESIMS)显示其准分子离子峰为m/z 221.079 5 [M+Na]+(计算值 C10H14O4Na,221.079 0),说明其相对分子质量为198,分子式为C10H14O4,不饱和度为4;首先,分析1HNMR图谱,该化合物的氢谱与化合物dihydroterrein[12]非常相似,只多了1个甲基信号δH 2.11(3H,s,H10),可能为乙酰基的甲基,根据13CNMR和HMBC图谱发现,H10与羰基碳(C9)有相关信号,可确定化合物中含有1个乙酰基,HMBC图谱中,H2[δH 5.00(d,J=3.0 Hz)]与C9有相关信号,可确定乙酰基通过氧原子与C2相连(表1);化合物1的相对构型可根据H2与H3的偶合常数J=3.0 Hz来确定,可知H2与H3处于反式,绝对构型通过比较计算ECD与实测ECD来确定,C2与C3分别为R和S构型,命名为(+)2acetyldihydroterrein(图2)。
4 讨论
21世纪前,海绵一直是发现海洋天然产物的最主要生物来源[1620],发现了许多化学结构新颖,生物活性显著、作用机制独特的功能小分子,其中的一些已经作为新药候选先导化合物,处于临床前或临床研究阶段;海绵共生真菌作为海绵宿主的重要组成部分,两者互相协作,共同适应海洋复杂的生存环境,海绵为真菌提供营养物质和寄生产所,共生真菌为海绵抵御外来环境的威胁而释放一些化学物质;海绵共生真菌体内蕴藏着巨大的生物合成基因簇,大力挖掘海绵共生真菌的天然产物合成潜力,是获得活性化学成分的又一宝贵途径,总之,海绵及其共生微生物是开发先导化合物的重要资源。
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