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小草与大树:我与陈桥驿先生

2017-09-14童银舫

文化交流 2017年8期
关键词:慈溪慈溪市陈先生

童银舫

陈桥驿先生魂归道山已经两年有余,他那慈祥的面庞和温柔的眼神,那带有绍兴音调、顿挫有致的话语,那潇洒而又遒丽的笔迹,却一直烙印在我的脑海中。在我的案头,摆放着他的两本方志文集、一本自传,百读不厌;在我的电脑桌面上,放置着我与他的合影,时时勾起我对他的怀念……

支持方志编修 不遗余力

陈先生是我从事方志编撰的引路人、精神上的导师。

1986年,慈溪开始着手编修县志,我作为业余文史爱好者,有幸被破格录用,参与中华人民共和国成立以来第一次全国性的地方志编修工作。盛世修志,躬逢其时,大家热情高涨,简直到了废寝忘食的程度。不到四年,《慈溪县志》写成初稿,1990年4月,慈溪市政府召开志稿评审会,邀请杭州大学教授陈桥驿、浙江省地方志编纂室主任俞佐萍、浙江人民出版社方志室主任潘一平、宁波市志办主任陆久逊、《宁波市志》主编俞福海等20余人参加,可谓专家云集,名师荟萃。

我至今还十分清晰地记得,陈先生在评审会上即兴发言,侃侃而谈,思路开阔,且一语中的。

陈先生从上林湖是中国陶瓷之路的重要起点说起。我那时20多岁,孤陋寡闻之极,只知道课本上学到的“丝绸之路”,根本不知道还有“陶瓷之路”。接着,陈先生又说到“三北平原”(又称“三北半岛”),把“三北平原”外面的海滩称为“三北浅滩”。陈先生还特别提到慈溪另外的两个地域特色,一是“海塘博物馆”,从北宋庆历七年筑大古塘起,一直到十塘,形成了中国现存稀有的露天海塘博物馆;二是慈溪的“白色优势”,即盐和棉花。他说,县志在描述海岸地貌、商业活动、人口流动等内容时,必须突出这些特色。

陈先生指出,作为地方志,应该记载那些在地方志编修上有过贡献的人物;同时还要重视地方志的索引。他一再强调,索引是个科学的手段,可使志书发挥更大的作用。

陈先生的发言,观点鲜明,知识渊博,逻辑严密,从地方特色、方志特性乃至志书利用,一一引经据典,信手拈来,发人之所未发,道人之所未道,令人大受教益。

我非常惊讶他对慈溪历史和地理的熟悉及研究程度,如他提到慈溪古代方志专家——明代的孙公式、清代的王嗣皋和冯一梅,一口气列举了他们编纂的万历《绍兴府志》、康熙《绍兴府志》和光绪《龙游县志》,简直不可思议。

《慈溪县志》出版后,陈先生专门写了一篇将近4万字的论文《中日两国地方志的比较研究——中国慈溪市与日本广岛市的地方志修纂》。这篇论文,为中外地方志比较研究的肇始之作,先由慈溪市地方志办公室印成单行本,后又收录于中日学者共同主编的《中日地方史志比较研究》一书,在中外学界产生巨大影响。而《慈溪县志》也在全国首届新方志成果评比中荣获一等奖。

陈先生十分关心和支持慈溪的地方志工作,他先后为《慈溪盐政志》《慈溪市图志》《新编慈溪市图志》《慈溪海堤集》《慈溪旧闻》《十里长街读坎墩》等史志作序,堪称不遗余力,有求必应。而他对我个人的关心、鼓励和帮助,则完全体现了一代学人的风范和品德。

引导后学潜修 循循善诱

从事地方史志研究,查阅旧志是必要的功课。“古来志书半人物”,旧志篇幅浩繁,人物众多,检索尤为费力。自从听了陈先生在评审会上的发言,结合本人在编写人物志方面的心得体会,我尝试着编纂了一份《光绪慈溪县志列传人名索引》,于1991年油印成册,分发给相关单位和文史爱好者,同时也寄了一份給陈先生。陈先生收到后,当即来信说:“大编及来信收到,您能孜孜从事地方志索引工作,甚为可贵。索引是读书和做学问的一把钥匙,至关重要,您做的工作,甚有作用,我很佩服。”并且将此作为例证,写入他的《地方志与索引》一文中:“不久以前,慈溪市志办公室编印了一种《光绪慈溪县志列传人名索引》。此事给人一种启发,旧志既可补编,新志当然更可补编,而且很有必要……希望地方志都能编纂一种内容完备、使用便利的索引,进一步提高地方志的学术价值和实用价值。”

由于得到陈先生的赞许,我在县志编修结束后,又编纂了一份《光绪慈溪县志艺文作者及书目索引》,于1993年5月以慈溪市图书馆的名义油印成册。这工作我做得很有趣味,一是为他人提供方便,原志“列传”部分有5册11卷,其中“艺文”有2册4卷,查阅确实麻烦;二是为自己留点纪念,同时也为今后搜集更广泛的乡贤史料准备一份简明的目录。当年一切手工操作,编写、油印、装订,都是我一人独担。

陈先生对我这个自学青年关爱有加,但凡我有一点点成绩,都会得到他的热情鼓励。1992年,我编写的一种《慈溪古今书画家》铅印成书,这在当时确非易事。我惴惴然将书寄给陈先生,他立即回信鼓励:“编次清晰,说明简练,不失为一种乡土佳作。您着眼于桑梓人物的整理传述,实在是一件功德不浅的好事。”

当我将第一轮修志时写的文章结集成书时,陈先生又为我题写了“方志札记”书名。当我重返修志岗位、主编《慈溪旧闻》一书,他又欣然作序。一个86岁的老人,在方格稿纸内写了将近5000字,实在令人敬佩。2013年,我协助周乃复老师编辑《中国图志的继承与创新》一书时,他不但帮助联系日本的专家学者,而且又一次洋洋洒洒写来万字长文《读〈新编慈溪市图志〉》。不过这次寄来的是手稿复印件。他在信中说明:“学校规定,我的手写草稿都归学校博物馆收藏,所以对外一律只寄复印稿,也请谅察。”

陈先生对读书有着超乎常人的喜爱,我就不揣鄙陋将自己编的书刊一一寄奉求教。2009年,我把上林书社编印的刊物寄给他,他立即回复:我是老朽脑瓜,不懂新词“文化”。甚爱“书香”之名,“上林”正中下怀。endprint

后来,陈先生多次来信说:“我确实很为《上林》而欣慰,甚至骄傲。在今天的潮流中,能出现这样事物,令人鼓舞。”他还在另一篇文章中说:“我非常喜欢一直置于我案头上的《慈溪旧闻》,也很欣赏一期又一期寄来的《上林文丛》和《大塘河》等。每次从信箱得到这类新书时,我总不胜雀跃,恨不得一口气把它读完。”

回忆慈溪旧事 缘深情长

2010年2月3日,我和慈溪市方志办主任胡岳鹏一同去杭州拜访陈先生。其时,他的夫人已去世,家里请个保姆料理生活。天很冷,陈先生穿着草绿色的羽绒棉衣,头戴一顶毛线结的帽子,精神很好。陈先生见了我直接叫我名字,拉我坐在他的身旁。他说:“上届修志,慈溪非常成功,一是心齐,大家齐心合力,以集体的智慧,才能办成大事。二是有专家参与,能动脑筋,敢破敢立,终于独秀一枝,成为佳志。我作为特约审稿人,也没偷懒,写了文章多次表扬你们。”我们向他表示了由衷的感谢,说这次新修市志,考虑到先生年事已高,不忍心再来劳烦大驾了。陈先生一笑,感叹说,“你们这样做我真的很感谢。我手头上的事太多了,简直应付不了。毕竟快90岁了,我还有自己的事要做嘛。”

那天,陈先生谈了许多与慈溪相关的旧事。他说自己对慈溪的熟悉和热爱从庵东开始:小学班主任杨老师是庵东人,她在课堂上讲大海、晒盐和庵东风物,给他留下深刻印象。20世纪50年代,陈先生由新昌中学调浙江师范学院地理系任教,1957年他两次带领学生来庵东,终于了解了晒盐要经过刮泥、淋卤、板晒三个过程,盐民十分辛苦。以后,他每年都带学生来庵东一次,一直到“文化大革命”。1988年,陈先生陪同日本盐业史专家富冈仪八先生来庵东考察和研究。可惜富冈仪八先生不久后去世,而他对中国盐业的研究,包括从庵东考察所得的资料,都因全稿没完成而未曾发表,这对于中国盐业界和日本盐业界,实在是很大的损失。所以,1989年我们请陈先生为《慈溪盐政志》写序时,他觉得义不容辞,欣然应允。

陈先生还谈到了上林湖越窑。他说,上林湖越窑的历史价值目前还没有提升到应有的地位。我插话说:“我还能背诵您在1990年考察上林湖越窑遗址时当场挥毫书写的一首诗:‘翠屏连绵五磊高,两千年来听海涛;如今沧海成桑田,平原沃野逞风骚。”陈先生开心一笑说:“我不是诗人,但确是触景生情啊。当时,这首诗马上传到海外,引起很多人的兴趣呢。”

告辞时,陈先生握着我们的手说:“我与慈溪缘分不浅,你们用得着我这个老头的时候,尽管说,我一定尽力办。”

我与陈先生相识20余年,他的形象永远铭记在我的脑海中。他的记忆力之强,待人之诚恳,处事之利索,对学问之认真,特别是他谦逊、耿直、为他人着想的品格,给我深刻的影响。

如果说,我是方志界的一棵无名小草,那么,陈先生则是毋庸置疑的参天大树!“虽不能至,然心向往之。”这是小草一直想对大樹说的。

(本文照片由作者提供)

It has been more than two years since historical geographer Chen Qiaoyi passed away. For me, he was a mentor and pathfinder. I have read two of his collected works and his autobiography numerous times, and I miss the mans strong Shaoxing local accent, grandfatherly smile and beautiful handwriting so much that I put a picture of us together as my desktop background.

I joined the editorial team for the work of a Cixi chronicle as a freelance editor in 1986. The project was part of a national chronicle compilation campaign that was the first one of its kind since 1949.

The draft of the Cixi Annals took four years to finish. In April of 1990, I met Chen Qiaoyi for the first time in my life at a review meeting held in Cixi, a county city in eastern Zhejiang. The scholars erudition was fully shown in his speech that started with the origin of Chinas ‘porcelain road. He specially mentioned the seawall and the long-standing salt and cotton industry of Cixi – the citys two historically significant hallmarks, and seriously suggested they be highlighted in the book.

Throughout his speech at the meeting, he cited various authorities from ancient China with great ease. His encyclopedic knowledge of the history and geography of Cixi was beyond my imagination and was burned into my memory.endprint

At the meeting, he also pointed out the importance of ‘reference and crediting all people who contributed to the editorial work.

After the publishing of the Cixi Annals, he wrote a 40,000-word thesis – Cixi and Hiroshima: A Comparative Study of Chronicles Compilation. The article was later published as an offprint by the Cixi editorial office and collected by a book compiled jointly by Chinese and Japanese scholars. Over the following years, he also contributed prefaces for a cycle of chorographical projects conducted in Cixi.

His work ethic as well as research methodology influenced me a lot, and encouraged me to break new grounds in chorographical study not only as an amateur. He sent his encouragements and acknowledgements of my chorographical debut in 1991 and wrote me a letter after reading my second work I compiled single-handedly and printed by Cixi Library in 1993.

My colleagues and I from Cixi visited the geographer at his home in Hangzhou on a freezing day in February, 2010. That day he told us a lot about Cixi and how he had been enchanted by the place since his first visit in Andong in the 1950s when he was a teacher at the Department of Geography of Zhejiang Normal College. In 1957, he took his students to Andong for a first-hand experience of the hard work of the local salt makers. In 1988, he took a Japanese scholar specializing in the study of the salt industry in China and Japan to Andong. The scholar died shortly after he went back to Japan and did not make it to see his research work published, leaving Chen Qiaoyi in deep regret. When we invited him to write a preface for a book about the salt industry of Cixi in 1989, he felt duty-bound and more than happy to contribute.

“I am turning 90 and there are so many things left unfinished. I feel a little overwhelmed, and for that I thank you for bringing the project to its finish line,” Chen said with a content smile on his face.

He also mentioned the underestimated historical value of the ancient kiln sites in Shanglinhu. During an inspection visit there in 1990, the sight stirred up his feelings so much that he improvised a poem.

Over the two decades I knew Chen Qiaoyi, I always marveled at his stunningly good memory and learned a lot from his pure-heartedness, conscientiousness, high efficiency, integrity, considerateness and modesty. For me, he was a big tree, the top of which the little blade of grass in me cant reach.endprint

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