浅谈中考阅读理解（下）

颜世江供稿

浅谈中考阅读理解（下）

颜世江供稿

阅读理解之解题技巧一点通

1. 细节理解题

细节理解题是针对文章的某个细节而提出的，命题信息一般来自文章的某一处。细节理解题是阅读理解试题中最容易的试题，可以在原文中直接找到答案。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（why）、结果（result），以及文中的相关数据（data）等。

2. 推理判断题

推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常互相依存——推理是为了做出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求同学们在理解文字表面意思的基础上，进一步做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系，以及事物的发展变化等已知信息，推断出作者没有直接表达出来的态度和观点。常见的推理判断题的设题方式如下：

1) 推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式：

①The purpose in writing this text is to ________.

②The author writes this passage to ________.

2) 推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式：

①It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

②What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

③From the passage, we can conclude that ________.

3) 推断文章出处的设题形式：

①The passage is most likely to be taken from ________.

②Where can we read this passage?

推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中每句话的意思，还要求考生学会推理它们之间的关系，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层含义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：从已知部分（推理的前提）推测出未知部分（推理的结论）。切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。

3. 词义猜测题

词义猜测题是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、关键词或短语的意义。近几年的阅读理解题中至少会出现一道词义猜测题，题中词语常常是理解文章的关键，学习并掌握一些猜词技巧对于提高阅读能力可以起到事半功倍的效果。一般常见的设题形式有以下几种：

1) What does the word “_______” mean?

2) The word “…” means _______.

3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to “_______”?

4) What does the underlined word “_______” mean in Chinese?

5) The underlined word in the…paragraph probably means ________ in Chinese.

6) The word “_______” in the…paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.

7) The underlined word “…” in the passage refers to ________.（注：此处的划线词一般为指示代词。）

同学们可以根据生词本身的特点推测词义；也可以通过上下文，运用有关线索，如同义词、反义词、举例、重述或定义等推测词义；还可以运用逻辑推理和其他知识进行推测。

4. 主旨大意题

主旨大意题主要考查学生对文章或段落中心思想的理解。考查主旨大意的题型主要有：选择最佳标题、找出中心话题、概括段落大意、推测作者观点、总结人物特点、指明写作目的等。一般而言，文章和段落的开头或结尾会有主题句，其他内容都是围绕主题句而展开。做主旨大意题的关键，是要找到主题句并进行高度概括。其主要设题形式有：

1) What is the best title of the passage?

2) What is this passage about?

3) In this passage, the writer tries to tell us ________.

4) The passage tells us that ________.

5) The passage/paragraph mainly talks about ________.

阅读时要注意文章各段的首尾句，这样易于找出主题句；在不能直接找出主题句的情况下，文章中叙述或强调较多的某一事物或观点往往就是文章的中心；如果对个别选项仍存有疑问，就采用排除法，排除表述片面或错误的选项，从而找出最能概括文章中心的选项。

实战演练

How much attention do you pay to what you put in your body, in other words, food? As we get older, we start to think about this more and more. Maybe you have started making more of your own eating choices or even preparing your own meals. Maybe you have just become extraaware of how food affects you inside and out. You are not alone!

Brian, 11, told us, “I just wish I would eat healthier food. I’m not exactly on the thin side.”

Jessica, 12, says, “If I had another chance, I would choose to eat less junk food and eat more healthy foods. I would also treat myself to candies only once a week.”

Melissa, 11, writes that she would like to change how much she eats for dinner. “I always eat 2 or 3 servings for dinner,” she says.

Allie, 11, says, “I would make myself like more foods.”

It is not much fun denying ourselves something we want to eat. On the other hand, eating lots of junk food and sweets can make us feel a little unpleasant and maybe guilty, because we have not been good to our bodies.

Remember: This is not a guide to losing weight! If you feel you are overweight, talk to a parent, doctor or school nurse about whether you really need to lose some pounds and fnd a safe way to do it.

(1). What is the best title for the reading?

A. We Are Fatter and Fatter B. A Guide to Losing Weight

C. Food Smarts: What’s in You? D. Let’s Start to Lose Weight

(2). Who is the oldest one of all the people mentioned above?

A. Brian. B. Jessica. C. Melissa. D. Allie.

(3). What does the underlined word “this” refer to?

A. What you put in your body. B. How much attention you pay.

C. Which food is healthy. D. Food lists.

(4) 4. What should you do if you feel you are overweight?

A. Talk to a parent, doctor or school nurse and fnd a safe way to do it.

B. Stay at home.

C. Eat some pills to lose weight.

D. Don’t eat any food in the morning.

(5). You can read the passage in a magazine about _____________.

A. fashion B. schooling C. health D. sports

阅读分析

这道阅读理解题需要在理解短文意思的基础上进行分析、判断，方能得出正确的答案。本文主要讲述的是饮食选择问题，并进行了举例说明。同学们应在掌握了全文大意后，仔细阅读文章后的问题，然后带着问题再次回到原文寻找有关信息。逐题分析如下：

1. 这是一道主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了饮食的选择问题，故本题答案为C。

2. 这是一道数据推算题。根据文章中提供的信息“Brian, 11；Jessica, 12；Melissa, 11；Allie, 11”，可选出答案B。

3. 这是一道推理判断题。结合上文的“How much attention do you pay to what you put in your body, in other words, food?”，可选出答案A。

4. 这是一道事实询问题。结合文章中的最后一段，可选出答案A。

5. 这是一道推理判断题。依据文章中的表面文字信息，可判断C选项是正确的。