尽管美国主流大报的订阅激增但行业整体流通量和收入在下滑

尽管美国主流大报的订阅激增但行业整体流通量和收入在下滑

来源：皮尤研究中心

2017年6月1日

作者：MICHAEL BARTHEL

在去年的总统选举之后，一些美国主要报纸的数字订阅量急剧上升，从而推动了总体流通量。根据最新的皮尤研究中心的分析，报业在2016年一直面临着持续的挑战。

年度财务报表显示，《纽约时报》在2016年增加了超过50万的数字订阅量，同比增长了47%。根据道琼斯（Dow Jones）编制的审计报告，《华尔街日报》增加了超过15万的数字订阅，增长了23%。根据审计媒体联盟（AAM，一个验证了许多日报发行量的组织）的存档文件，《芝加哥论坛报》在平日数字流通中增加了大约10万的数字流通量，同比增长了76%。

但这些收益并未转化为整体行业发行量的增长。皮尤研究中心对审计媒体联盟（AAM）数据的分析显示，《美国日报》（印刷版和数字版）的总平日发行量在2016年下降了8%，是连续第28年下降。 （周日发行量也下降了8%）。整体下跌幅度包括平日印刷发行量减少10%（周日为9%），平日数字发行量下降1%（星期日上涨1%）。 《美国日报》的平日发行量下降到3500万，而周日的周日流量下降到3800万，是自1945年以来的最低水平（有关如何计算这些总计的更多信息，请参阅我们的资料）。

虽然印刷发行量包括上述所说的主流大报，但数字版流量更难评估。美国最大的三份日常报纸—《纽约时报》、《华盛顿邮报》和《华尔街日报》，没有完全将它们的数字订阅报告给AAM,因此它们没有包括在上述总体流通估算中。如果“时代报”和“日刊”的独立制作数字流量数据被包括在内，那么整体平日流通量会下降4%，而不是只在AAM数据中所显示的8%。

根据年终财务报表，《纽约时报》的广告收入同比下降9%，发行收入增长3%，整体收入下降2%。强调数字创新的Tronc（更名自论坛出版公司Tribune），广告收入下降8%，总收入下降4%，尽管发行收入增长了5%（Tronc拥有《芝加哥论坛报》和《洛杉矶时报》等报纸）。而报业巨头Gannett的广告收入没有变化，但这主要是由于公司在一年中收购了其他的报纸。如果这些新收购不算在内，广告收入就下降了13%。

Despite subscription surges for largest U.S. newspapers, circulation and revenue fall for industry overall

From: Pew Research Center

June 01,2017

By MICHAEL BARTHEL

http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/06/01/circulation-and-revenue-fall-for-newspaper-industry/

Following last year’s presidential election, some major U.S. newspapers reported a sharp jump in digital subscriptions, giving a boost to their overall circulation totals. The newspaper industry as a whole, however, faced ongoing challenges in 2016, according to new Pew Research Center analysis.

Yearly financial statements show that The New York Times added more than 500,000 digital subscriptions in 2016 – a 47% year-over-year rise. The Wall Street Journal added more than 150,000 digital subscriptions, a 23% rise, according to audited statements produced by Dow Jones. And the Chicago Tribune added about 100,000 in weekday digital circulation, a 76% yearover-year gain, according to its filings with the Alliance for Audited Media (AAM), an organization that verifies many daily newspapers’ circulation figures.

But these gains did not translate into circulation growth for the industry overall. A Pew Research Center analysis of data from AAM shows that total weekday circulation for U.S. daily newspapers – both print and digital – fell 8% in 2016, marking the 28th consecutive year of declines. (Sunday circulation also fell 8%.) The overall decline includes a 10% decrease in weekday print circulation (9% for Sundays) and a 1% decline in weekday digital circulation (1% rise for Sundays). Total weekday circulation for U.S. daily newspapers fell to 35 million, while total Sunday circulation declined to 38 million – the lowest levels since 1945. (For more information on how these totals were calculated, see our fact sheet.)

While the print circulation figures include the large papers cited above, digital circulation is more difficult to assess. Three of the largest U.S. daily papers – The New York Times, The Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal – do not fully report their digital subscriptions to AAM, so they are not included in the overall circulation estimate above. Had the independently produced digital circulation figures from the Times and Journal been included, total weekday circulation would have fallen by 4%, rather than the 8% figure shown in the AAM data alone.

According to year-end financial statements, The New York Times saw a year-over-year decline of 9% in advertising revenue but a 3% rise in circulation revenue, for an overall revenue decline of 2%. Tronc, which has emphasized digital innovation in changing its name from Tribune Publishing, saw an 8% decline in advertising revenue and a 4% decline in total revenue, though circulation revenue increased 5%. (Tronc owns the Chicago Tribune and Los Angeles Times, among other papers.) And Gannett saw no change in its advertising revenue, but this was due mainly to the company’s acquisition of additional newspapers over the course of the year; once these new acquisitions are taken out of the equation, ad revenue declined by 13%.