噻托溴铵联合福莫特罗与沙美特罗替卡松治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的疗效观察
2017-07-18袁亚平顾文超
袁亚平,方 芳,顾文超
·临床医学· ·论著·
噻托溴铵联合福莫特罗与沙美特罗替卡松治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的疗效观察
袁亚平,方 芳,顾文超
目的 探讨噻托溴铵联合福莫特罗治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床疗效。方法 选取我院诊治的130例中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者。采用数字表法随机分为噻托溴铵联合福莫特罗组(A组)和沙美特罗替卡松组(B组),每组各65例,治疗12周后,比较2组的肺功能(第1秒用力肺活量、用力肺活量)和CAT评分。结果 治疗12周后,2组患者FEV1、FVC及CAT评分较治疗前均明显增高,治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,A组患者FEV1、FVC高于B组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CAT评分2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 治疗12周后,噻托溴铵联合福莫特罗组对中重度COPD患者的肺功能的提高明显优于沙美特罗替卡松。
噻托溴铵;福莫特罗;沙美特罗替卡松;慢性阻塞性肺疾病
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronicobstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是由气道与肺实质慢性炎症所导致的持续性气流受限为特征的可以预防和治疗的疾病,气流受限通常为进展性。在世界范围内,慢性阻塞性肺疾病是重要的健康问题,在中国,40岁以上人群COPD 患病率为8.2%,每年致残人数500万~1 000万,致死人数达100万[1]。COPD长效的胆碱能受体阻滞剂(long-acting muscarinic antagonist,LAMA),长效的β2受体激动剂(long-actingbeta2-agonist LABA)和吸入糖皮质激素(inhaled corticosteroid ICS) 在COPD治疗中起重要作用。LAMA和LABA作为支气管扩张剂,很多研究已经证实LAMA联合LABA较单个支气管扩张剂的疗效佳[2-6]。根据COPD不同的分期采用2种或者3种吸入药物治疗较单个药物治疗效果更佳[7-9]。目前的GOLD建议稳定期COPD仅在C和D组使用吸入糖皮质激素,但在实际临床中吸入糖皮质激素(ICS)或者(LABA+ICS)应用更早[10-11]。长期规范化吸入ICS/LABA可以改善COPD患者肺功能、减少急性加重次数、缓解呼吸困难、提高生活质量。然而,有数据显示,吸入ICS/LABA可增加COPD患者肺炎风险[12]。目前已经有研究显示对中重度稳定期COPD,LAMA+LABA显著改善COPD肺功能,优于LABA+ICS[13-14]。本工作拟研究噻托溴铵联合福莫特罗对比沙美特罗替卡松对中重度稳定期慢性阻塞性肺病的治疗效果。
1 资料与方法
1.1 研究对象 选取2015年1月至2016年6月就诊的稳定期COPD患者130例,男109例,女21例,纳入标准:符合2014年GOLD诊治指南稳定期中重度COPD的诊断标准。剔除标准:伴有严重心血管疾病、肝肾功能损害的患者;需要机械通气的患者;需长期服用激素的患者。
1.2 研究方法 采用数字表法随机分为噻托溴铵(速乐正大天晴18 μg每天1吸)联合福莫特罗组(平适正大天晴12 μg每天2吸)(A组)和沙美特罗替卡松组(葛兰素史克50/250 μg每天2吸)(B组),各65例。A组男54例,女11例,平均年龄(69.7±8.9)岁;B组男55例,女10例,平均年龄(70.3±9.7)岁。2组患者性别、年龄比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。治疗12周行肺功能检测以及COPD评估测试(COPD assessment test,CAT)。肺功能检测指标:第1秒用力肺活量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1);用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC);CAT问卷,项目设置参照中华医学会COPD诊治指南(2013修订版),其内容包括8项,分别为咳嗽的严重程度、痰量、胸闷程度、运动后呼吸困难、家务活动受限、社会活动受限、睡眠、精力,每项以数字0~5分表示严重程度,分值范围0~40分[15]。
1.3 统计学处理 采用统计学软件SPSS 17.0对数据进行分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,2组患者间年龄、肺功能指标及CAT评分,进行两独立样本t检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 2组患者肺功能指标及CAT评分比较 治疗前2组患者FEV1、FVC比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗12周后,2组肺功能指标FEV1、FVC均升高,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(t=3.42及6.09,P<0.05);A组肺功能指标FEV1、FVC均高于B组,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=3.72及4.89,P均<0.05)。CAT评分比较,2组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。
表1 噻托溴铵+福莫特罗组和沙美特罗替卡松组肺功能指标及CAT评分比较(x±s,每组n=65)
注:COPD:慢性阻塞性肺疾病,FEV1:第1秒用力肺活量,FVC:用力肺活量,CAT:COPD评估测试。A组:噻托溴铵+福莫特罗组;B组:沙美特罗替卡松组
表2 2组中重度稳定期COPD 患者治疗前后肺通气功能及CAT评分的比较(x±s)
注:COPD:慢性阻塞性肺疾病,FEV1:第1秒用力肺活量,FVC:用力肺活量,CAT:COPD评估测试
1.2 随访情况 治疗12周内,A组患者COPD急性加重1例,B组COPD急性加重2例。A组有2例心悸及口干,1 例排尿困难,B组3例声音嘶哑,均能自行缓解。该研究存在缺陷,因为观察时间短,不能反应长期的不良反应。
3 讨论
噻托溴铵是具有特异性选择性的长效抗胆碱能药物(LAMA),可以选择性与气道黏膜上的M1和M3亚型受体结合,扩张支气管平滑肌。福莫特罗是长效的β2受体激动剂(LABA)与气道平滑肌中的β2受体结合,进而发挥松弛气道平滑肌、扩张支气管的作用。2种药物共同使用产生协同作用,进而治疗效果更好。既往的研究中,ICS/LABA较单用长效的支气管扩张剂更好的增加患者肺功能[16-17]。但噻托溴铵/福莫特罗联合应用,较沙美特罗替卡松更好的改善患者的肺功能。Klaus等[18]在为期6周的研究中,噻托溴铵联合福莫特罗治疗COPD改善肺功能。在26周治疗后,QVA149对稳定期COPD患者FEV1改善高于沙美特罗替卡松,2组的症状改善相似,圣乔治评分2组相似,但是QVA149组的急性加重减少,不良事件减少,且肺炎的发生率下降[14]。l篇Meta分析总结2014以前的多项研究,LAMA+LABA比ICS+LABA明显改善COPD患者的FEV1,减少COPD的急性发作,且降低肺炎的发生率[18]。笔者研究也显示对中重度稳定期COPD,噻托溴铵联合福莫特罗疗效优于沙美特罗替卡松。
目前的GOLD指南中,对重度、极重度COPD,LAMA+LABA仅作为ICS+LABA的备选方案。而在实际的临床中,ICS更早用于中度COPD,Price等[19]的研究显示,在英国,53.7%的COPD(不合并哮喘)和50.2%的中度COPD接受ICS治疗,因此,Price等[19]认为,很多COPD 使用ICS不考虑气道阻塞的程度以及是否合并哮喘、急性发作的风险。ICS从开始用于COPD就存在争议[10],而COPD是由嗜中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞介导的炎症,ICS的疗效不佳。另外存在争议的就是吸入ICS虽然可以减少COPD的急性发作,但增加肺炎发生率。而COPD急性发作和肺炎的症状往往比较相似。
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(本文编辑:张阵阵)
Observation on the clinical efficacy of tiotropium combined with formoterol and salmeterol in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
YuanYaping,FangFang,GuWenchao
(DepartmentofRespiratoryMedicine,ShanghaiPudongNewDistrictPeople'sHospital,Shanghai201299,China)
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of tiotropium combined with formoterol and salmeterol/fluticasone in the treatment of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods One hundred and thirty patients with moderate-to-severe COPD admitted into the hospital for treatment were enrolled for the study, and were randomized into the tiotropium plus formoterol group (or group A) and the salmeterol/fluticasone group (or group B). Following treatment for 12 weeks, scores of pulmonary functions (FEV1和FVC), as well as scores of CAT were compared between the 2 groups. Results Twelve weeks after treatment, the scores of FEV1, FVC and COPD of the 2 groups were all obviously increased, as compared with those before treatment, and statistical significance could be noticed, when comparisons were made between pre and post treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of FEV1 and FVC of group A were all higher than those of group B, and statistical significance could be seen, when comparisons were made between them (P<0.05). However, there was no statistical significance in the CAT scores, when comparisons were made between the 2 groups (P>0.05).Conclusion After 12 weeks of treatment, tiotropium plus formoterol therapy was obviously superior to salmeterol/fluticasone therapy in the improvement of the pulmonary functions (FEV1 and FVC) in the patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.
Tiotropium; Formoterol; Salmeterol/fluticasone; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
201299 上海,上海市浦东新区人民医院呼吸科
R453
A
10.3969/j.issn.1009-0754.2017.03.020
2017-01-20)