中华文化术语选篇

“中华思想文化术语”，是浓缩了中华哲学思想、人文精神、价值观念等的以词或短语形式固化的概念和文化核心词。它们是中华民族几千年来对自然与社会进行探索和理性思索的成果，积淀着中华民族最深沉的历史智慧。本文选登“中华文化术语”诠释和英文翻译，使中国人更加理解中国古代哲学思想，也使世界更加了解中华思想文化。

情

Qing

“情”有三种不同含义：其一，泛指人的情感、欲望。“情”受外物感动而发，是人的自然本能，不是后天习得的。其二，特指人的某些情感、欲望，通常被规定为好、恶、喜、怒、哀、乐六者，或喜、怒、哀、惧、爱、恶、欲七者。前者也被称作“六志”或“六情”，后者被称作“七情”。其三，指情实或实情。对于前两个意义上的“情”，历代学者持有不同态度，或主张抑制“情”，或承认“情”的合理性而加以引导和安处。

The term has three different meanings. First， it means human emotions and desires， referring to the natural and instinctive reaction to external circumstances， not a learned response. Second， it refers to specific human emotions and desires， commonly known as the six human emotions： love， hatred， happiness， anger， sadness， and joy， or as the seven human emotions： happiness， anger， sadness， fear， love， hatred， and desire. Third， it means the true state of affairs， or actual situation. For centuries， scholars have had different interpretations on the first two meanings. Some advocated that emotions should be restrained or controlled， while others believed that emotions and desires were natural and should be properly guided.

引例 Citations：

◎何谓人情？喜、怒、哀、惧、爱、恶、欲，七者弗学而能。（《礼记·礼运》）

（什么叫做人之情？就是喜爱、恼怒、悲哀、恐惧、爱慕、憎恶、欲求，这七者不用学习就能产生。）

What are human emotions？ They are happiness， anger， sadness， fear， love， hatred， and desire that arise instinctively. （The Book of Rites）

◎上好信，则民莫敢不用情。（《论语·子路》）

（地位高的人讲求诚信，则民众没有人敢不以实情相待。）

If those in high positions act in good faith， the people will not dare to conceal the truths. （The Analects）

趣

Qu

指文學艺术作品中所表现的作者的志趣、情趣、意趣等。作者的“趣”决定他们对自然、人生的独特体验和理解，以及对作品主题的选择和作品的表现风格。“趣”是作品中无形的精神韵味，通过审美活动而体现出它的价值与品位高下。

Qu is the aspirations， emotions， and interests expressed in the work of a writer or artist. His pursuit of qu determines his unique perception and comprehension of nature and life. It also determines what theme he chooses for his work and how he gives expression to it. Qu is invisible but manifests its value and appeal through aesthetic（审美的）appreciation.

引例 Citations：

◎（嵇）康善谈理，又能属文，其高情远趣，率然玄远。（《晋书·嵇康传》）

（嵇康善谈玄理，又擅长写作，他情趣高雅，率真而旷远。）

Ji Kang was good at explaining profundities and writing. He had a high style and fine taste. A forthright and broad-minded man， indeed！ （The Jin History）

◎世人所难得者唯趣。趣如山上之色，水中之味，花中之光，女中之态，虽善说者不能下一语，唯会心者知之。……夫趣得之自然者深，得之学问者浅。（袁宏道《叙陈正甫〈会心集〉》）

（世人难以领悟的只有“趣”。“趣”好比山的颜色、水的味道、花的光彩、女人的姿容，即使擅长言辞的人也不能一句话说清楚，只有领会于心的人知道它。……趣，如果从自然之性中得来，那是深层次的“趣”；如果从学问中得来，往往是肤浅的“趣”。）

The only thing really hard to understand in the world is qu. Qu is like the hues（颜色）of hills， the taste of water， the splendor of flowers， or the beauty of a woman. Even an eloquent person can hardly find words to put it clearly. Only those with empathy know it well… Qu that comes from nature is deep and mellow（醇美的）； if it comes from book learning， it is often shallow. （Yuan Hongdao： Preface to Chen Zhengfus Inspirations of the Mind ）