含裂纹的直角域中凸起与衬砌的动态性能分析
2017-07-07齐辉张希萌陈洪英丁晓浩
齐辉,张希萌,陈洪英,丁晓浩
(哈尔滨工程大学 航天与建筑工程学院, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001)
含裂纹的直角域中凸起与衬砌的动态性能分析
齐辉,张希萌,陈洪英,丁晓浩
(哈尔滨工程大学 航天与建筑工程学院, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001)
为了研究直角域中裂纹附近缺陷对SH波的散射,采用复变函数法、镜像法和裂纹切割法研究直角域中裂纹附近凸起和衬砌的动应力集中问题,给出了圆形衬砌周边的动应力集中系数与裂纹尖端动应力强度因子的解析表达式,并给出了它们随入射波频率、材料的物理常数和结构几何参数变化的计算结果图。结果表明:入射频率、裂纹长度对动应力集中系数影响显著,高频入射时动应力集中系数最大值比低频入射时提高20%,增加衬砌厚度并不一定能使动应力集中系数减小,入射频率对地表位移影响较大。对含缺陷的直角域进行动力学分析非常必要。
直角域;半圆凸起;圆形衬砌;直线裂纹;SH波;动应力集中系数(DSCF);动应力强度因子(DSIF)
生命线工程对维护城市功能系统和国计民生具有重要意义,众多地下复杂结构均含有缺陷,缺陷使生命线工程的动应力集中问题更加复杂。弹性波动理论是研究含有凸起、裂纹等缺陷的复杂地下结构的弹性动力学问题的重要方法,被广泛应用于地下衬砌结构这一生命线工程的抗震与抗爆设计中,如供水、排水、石油输送管道以及地下隧道工程等,而复杂地形中坡度较缓的山丘,可以简化为半圆凸起。众多学者对裂纹缺陷与凸起问题进行研究并取得大量成果[1-12]。齐辉等对直角域或半空间中圆形凸起与裂纹的动力问题进行了分析[1-8]。南景富等对脱胶衬砌与裂纹的动力响应问题给出了数值解[9]。梁建文等研究了衬砌和地下球形结构的动应力集中问题[10-11]。杨在林等研究了非均匀介质的动力学问题[12-14]。
本文采用“分区”思想,将含半圆凸起的直角域进行分区,分成圆形凸起和含半圆凹陷的两个区域。利用 “镜像法”,构造出满足水平、垂直边界应力自由的波函数。通过衬砌与凸起周边连续性条件建立方程组,利用裂纹切割法和坐标转换法得到了衬砌周边动应力集中系数和裂纹尖端动应力因子的解析表达式。文章最后给出具体算例和数值结果,讨论了入射角度、入射波数、裂纹长度、裂纹角度、圆形衬砌位置、圆形衬砌厚度比等对动应力集中系数、动应力强度因子与地表位移的影响。
1 直角域中凸起和衬砌模型的描述
天然介质中有很多复杂的地形,这些地形在地震波作用下会出现动应力集中问题。本文模型是直角域地形结构中地下衬砌与坡度缓和的山丘凸起在SH波作用下动应力响应问题的简化。如图1,介质Ⅰ为含圆形衬砌和直线裂纹的直角域,其水平、垂直边界分别为ΓH、ΓV;介质Ⅱ为圆形衬砌,其质量密度与剪切模量分别为ρ2、μ2,中心位置与垂直边界ΓV距离为d,与水平边界ΓH距离为h,内、外半径分别为b、a,其内边界、外边界分别为ΓB、ΓA;介质Ⅲ为圆形凸起,其半径为c,边界为ΓC,中心位置与垂直边界ΓV距离为d2。介质Ⅰ与介质Ⅲ质量密度与剪切模量分别为ρ1、μ1。裂纹长度为2C,角度为β,裂纹尖端与垂直边界ΓV距离为d1,与衬砌圆点o垂直距离为h1,坐标系x1oy1中x1方向与裂纹方向平行,裂纹尖端与y1的垂直距离为c0。本文采用坐标变换法,建立坐标系xoy、x1oy1与x′o′y′,所对应的复坐标系分别为:η=x+yi=reiθ、η1=x1+y1i=r1eiθ1与η′=x′+y′i=r′eiθ′,各坐标系关系为
(1)
图1 直角域中半圆形凸起和圆形衬砌模型Fig.1 The model of a semi-circular salient and a circular lining near the linear crack in a quarter space
2 直角域中位移场的基本控制方程
如图2所示,本节采用Green函数法对含圆形衬砌和半圆凸起的直角域进行分析,研究直角域介质Ⅰ在线源荷载δ(η-η0)作用下的动应力响应问题。其中η0=d-d3+(h-h3)i,表示位于介质Ⅰ内部的点。
图2 受线源荷载作用的直角域模型Fig.2 The right-angle plane model impacted by a line source force
(2)
(3)
本节研究的直角域的边界条件可以表示为
(4)
由线源荷载δ(η-η0)产生的扰动,可视为已知的入射波Gi与反射波Gr,应满足直角域水平边界ΓH和垂直边界ΓV上应力自由,本文利用“镜像法”, 构造其表达式:
(5)
(6)
对于介质Ⅲ圆形凸起形成的散射波Gs1和介质Ⅱ圆形衬砌所形成的散射波Gs2,均满足直角域中直线边界应力自由,利用“镜像法”,构造出其表示式:
(8)
式中:η=x+yi,η2=η-2hi,η3=η2-2d,η4=η-2d
对于介质Ⅱ中的驻波Gst1,满足边界ΓC上半圆上应力自由条件,按文献[6]中思路,利用坐标系x′o′y′,构造其表达式如下
(9)
其中:
(10)
由推导可知:
(11)
根据边界条件(4)列方程,并将方程中等式两边同时乘以exp(-inθ)或exp(-inθ1),(n=0,±1,±2,±3…),在相应的区间(-π,π)或(0,π)上进行积分,截取有限项得到方程组:
(12)
式中:
其中,
式中:θ为坐标系xoy内辐角,θ1为坐标系x1oy1内辐角。
3 直角域中SH波形成的位移场
入射波w(i,e)、反射波w(r,e)、散射波w(s1,e)、w(s2,e)均满足直角域中水平边界ΓH和垂直边界ΓV上应力自由条件,利用“镜像法”构造其表达:
(13)
(14)
式中:β0=π-α0,α0为SH波入射角度,在SH波作用下产生的波场与上节中Green 函数作用下产生的波场具有相同的形式:
(15)
式中:w(s1,e)、w(s2,e)分别表示SH波作用下由凸起和衬砌形成散射波位移,w(st1,e)、w(st12,e)分别表示SH波作用下凸起和衬砌中的驻波位移,未知量Pm、Qm、Rm、Sm、Tm根据边界条件(4)确定,所列方程组中已知系数与求解 Green 函数所列方程组中已知系数相同,求解方法与求解Green 函数中未知量的方法一致。
wⅠ=w(i,e)+w(r,e)+w(s1,e)+w(s2,e)-
(16)
式中
为格林函数。
利用坐标系x1oy1,在SH波作用下夹杂或圆孔周边的环向剪切应力可以表示为
(17)
(18)
裂纹尖端对应的值即为动应力强度因子。在计算中,通常定义一个无量纲的动应力强度因子
(19)
4 直角域中凸起和衬砌对SH波散射的计算
令μ2=0,b=0,本文模型退化为含圆孔的直角域,取与文献[15]中相同参数,得到圆孔周边动应力系数如图3所示,与文献[15]中结果吻合较好,证明了本文方法精确可行。
图3 本文方法的验证Fig.3 The vertifying of the method in this paper
图4 SH波低频入射时衬砌周边DSCF随k*与μ*的分布Fig.4 Distribution of DSCF around circular lining edge vs. k* and μ* by low frequency SH-wave
由以上可知,当SH波高频入射时衬砌相对于基体越软危害越大。
图5 SH波高频入射时衬砌周边DSCF随k*与μ*的分布Fig.5 Distribution of DSCF around circular lining edge vs. k* and μ* by high frequency SH-wave
图6 衬砌周边DSCF随ka的分布Fig.6 Distribution of DSCF around circular lining edge vs. ka
图7 SH波高频入射时衬砌周边DSCF随λ的分布Fig.7 Distribution of DSCF around circular lining edge vs. λ by high frequency SH-wave
图8 SH波高频入射时衬砌周边DSCF随C*的分布Fig.8 Distribution of DSCF around circular lining edge vs. C* by high frequency SH-wave
图9 SH波高频入射时衬砌周边DSCF随β的分布Fig.9 Distribution of DSCF around circular lining edge vs. β by high frequency SH-wave
图10 SH波低频入射时随k*与μ*的分布Fig.10 Distribution of vs. k*andμ*by low frequency SH-wave
图11 SH波高频入射时随k*与μ*的分布Fig.11 Distribution of vs. k* and μ* by high frequency SH-wave
图13给出了裂纹尖端动应力因子DSIF随ka变化图。在ka=1时k3达到最大值3.75。
图12 地表位移随ka的分布Fig.12 s. ka
图13 DSIF随ka变化图Fig.13 Variation of DSIF vs. ka
图14 SH波低频入射时DSIF随h*的变化Fig.14 Variation of DSIF vs. h* by low frequency SH-wave
图15 SH波高频入射时DSIF随h*变化Fig.15 Variation of DSIF vs. h* by high frequency SH-wave
图16 SH波低频入射时DSIF随变化Fig.16 Variation of DSIF vs. by low frequency SH-wave
图17 SH波高频入射时DSIF随变化Fig.17 Variation of DSIF vs. by high frequency SH-wave
5 结论
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本文引用格式:
齐辉,张希萌,陈洪英,等. 含裂纹的直角域中凸起与衬砌的动态性能分析[J]. 哈尔滨工程大学学报, 2017, 38(6): 843-851.
QI Hui, ZHANG Ximeng, CHEN Hongying, et al. Dynamic performance analysis of a salient and a lining in a quarter space with a crack[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2017, 38(6): 843-851.
Dynamic performance analysis of a salient and a lining in a quarter space with a crack
QI Hui, ZHANG Ximeng, CHEN Hongying, DING Xiaohao
(College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China)
To investigate the scattering of SH-wave caused by defects near a crack in a quarter space, the concentration of dynamic stress at the salient and lining near a crack in a quarter space was researched using the complex function method, mirror method, and crack incision method. The analytical expressions of dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) around the circular lining edge and dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) at the crack tip were obtained. Several calculations were plotted as examples to show the influences of the frequencies of incident wave, the physical constant of medium, and the geometry of structures on DSCF and DSIF. The calculations indicate that the influences of the frequencies of incident wave and length of crack on DSCF were obvious. When high frequency wave is incident, the maximum of DSCF will increase by 20% as compared with the case of low frequency wave. The increase in thickness of lining may not be able to decrease DSCF, and the frequency of incident wave exerts a great influence on surface displacement. Dynamic analysis of the quarter space with defects is critical.
quarter space; semi-circular salient; circular lining; linear crack; SH wave; dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF);dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF)
2016-04-01. 网络出版日期:2017-04-05.
黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(A201404).
齐辉(1963-),男,教授,博士生导师; 张希萌(1989-),男,博士研究生.
张希萌,E-mail:zhangximeng2012@163.com.
10.11990/jheu.201604002
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/23.1390.u.20170405.1558.006.html
O343.1; O347.3
A
1006-7043(2017)06-0843-09