老人与海
2017-06-24翻译Portia
⊙ 翻译:Portia
老人与海
⊙ 翻译:Portia
欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威(Ernest Miller Hemingway,1899年7月21日-1961年7月2日)可以说是中国人最熟悉的美国作家之一。他曾分别在第一、第二次世界大战期间奔赴欧洲进行战地救护和当战地记者,也正是因为这两段经历,他先后创作了《在我们的时代里》《第五纵队》《丧钟为谁而鸣》等反战作品。
海明威在1952年发表的《老人与海》被许多人视为其最优秀的作品。《老人与海》在发表后的第二年获美国的普利策奖,海明威在1954年荣获诺贝尔文学奖时,评奖委员会明确指出这部作品正是他获奖的原因之一。《老人与海》同时也是海明威自己最满意的作品之一,是海明威个人世界观和人生观的结晶。
《老人与海》是根据真人真事写成的。第一次世界大战结束后,海明威移居古巴,认识了老渔民格雷戈里奥·富恩特斯。1936年,富恩特斯出海在离岸很远处捕到了一条大鱼,但由于这条鱼太大,渔船在海上拖了很长时间,结果在归程中大鱼被鲨鱼袭击,回来时只剩下一副骨架。这件事当时就给了海明威很深的触动,他觉察到此事是很好的小说素材。1950年圣诞节后不久,海明威开始动笔创作《老人与海》。他在1951年2月23日完成了初稿,前后仅用了八周时间。同年4月,海明威把手稿给到古巴去探访他的友人们传阅,博得了一致好评。
小说的主人公是一位名叫圣地亚哥的老渔夫,配角是一个叫马诺林的小孩。风烛残年的老渔夫一连84天都没有钓到一条鱼,但他不仅不肯认输,反而充满着奋斗的精神,终于在第85天钓到一条巨大的马林鱼。大鱼拖着船往海里走,老人独自一人死拉着鱼饵线不放。即使没了水和食物,左手抽筋了,他依然不灰心。经过两天两夜之后,他终于杀死大鱼,把它拴在船边返航,但许多鲨鱼前来抢夺他的战利品。尽管他奋力杀死了众多的鲨鱼,但他捕获的马林鱼仍难逃被吃光的命运,最终,筋疲力尽的老人拖着一副鱼骨头回家。
《老人与海》出版后曾被多次改编成电影和电视剧。1999年,俄罗斯动画师亚历山大·彼得罗夫(Alexander Petrov)别出心裁地把小说改编成一部长20分钟的动画片。该片采用的是玻璃动画的形式——这是一门以慢干型油彩在玻璃片上制作动画的技术。彼得罗夫在这门技术上造诣很高,曾凭借玻璃动画多次获奖。《老人与海》完全是在玻璃上创作,是彼得罗夫将自己的指尖当作画笔涂抹油彩,他也是世界上唯一使用自己的指尖来作画的动画师。他花了两年时间,画了近三万张画稿。他创作的每一个画面都是一幅精致的油画,在玻璃上满溢流淌的色彩和线条非常生动地表现了人物的心理活动。《老人与海》动画甫一面世,马上好评连连,并在2000年获奥斯卡最佳动画短片奖。
1.圣地亚哥的徒弟马诺林准备好了两人的晚餐。
Manolin: Supper.
Santiago: Hunh?
Manolin: Wake up. We’re gonna have supper.
Santiago: I’m not very hungry.
Manolin: Come on! Eat! You can’t fish and not eat.
Santiago: I have.
Manolin: You’ll not fish without eating while I’m alive.
Santiago: Then live a long time, and take care of yourself.
Manolin: Santiago!
Santiago: Hunh?
Manolin: I could go with you, again. We’ve made some money.
Santiago: No, no. You’re on a lucky boat now. I know you did not leave because you doubted me. It’s been 84 days since I caught a fish. Stay with them.
Manolin: It was papa who made me leave. I am a boy, and I must obey him.
Santiago: I know, but it’s quite normal. When I was your age, I was before the1)mast on a2)square-rigged ship that ran to Africa. I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening.
Manolin: Yeah, I know. You told me.
Santiago: Tomorrow is goin’ to be a good day with this current.
Manolin: Where’re you gonna go?
Santiago: Far out so as to come in when the wind3)shifts.
(Manolin is helping Santiago to prepare for a fishing trip the next morning.)
Manolin: Santiago, how old was I when you first took me in a boat?
Santiago: Five. And you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green. And he nearly tore the boat to pieces. Can you remember?
Manolin: I remember everything from when we first went together.
(Santigo is about to sail.)
Santiago: Good luck, Manolin.
Manolin: Good luck, old man.
又到role play时间了。这段对话很短,内容简单,却很能体现两个人之间的关系。按理说,一个小孩子面对历尽沧桑的老人,说话时应该客客气气,恭敬有礼,更何况老人曾带他出海,教他打鱼。但小孩对老人说话并不客气,在片段开始时甚至用了命令的口气。其实,这正从另一个角度说明两人的关系非同一般,可以平等相待。接下来,两人在谈到出海捕鱼时的语气则显得非常亲密。建议同学们仔细揣摩对话中两人的语气变换,然后找个搭档进行模仿练习。
2.在海上一直等到中午,圣地亚哥看到一条大鱼正围着鱼饵打转。
Santiago: Eh, yes! There it is. I cannot lose this chance. This far out, he must be huge in this month.
Eat it. Come on, fish. Eat it. He will take it. God, help him to take it. Come up easy and let me put the4)harpoon into you.
Are you ready? Now!
(A huge marlin bites the bait. Unable to pull in the big fish, Santiago is pulled by the fish.)
What’s that? My God! What a5)wake! I am being6)towed by the fish.
I hope he doesn’t know there is only one man against him, an old man. Must convince him of my strength.
I convinced everybody else. That time in the7)tavern in8)Casa Blanca, when I played the hand game with that great black, who was the strongest man on the9)docks. We had gone one day and one night facing one another. Our10)forearms were straight up, the hands11)gripped tight. We were trying to force each other’s hand down on the table. There was much bet, and people went in and out of the room under the12)kerosene lamps.
Referee: Eleven hours and still counting. Santiago: They changed the referees every four hours so that the referees could sleep. Many of the13)bettors had asked for a14)draw because they had to go to work on the docks, loading sacks of sugar. Otherwise, everyone would have wanted it to go to a finish.
The match had started on a Sunday morning and ended on a Monday morning. For a long time after that everyone had called me “the champion.”
Man is not much beside the great birds and beasts. Though they’re not as intelligent as we who kill them, they are more15)noble and more able. I would rather be that beast down there, in the darkness of the sea.
The fish is my brother, but I must kill him. I am glad we do not have to kill the stars. Imagine if, each day, a man must try to kill the moon. The moon runs away. But imagine if a man, each day, should have to try to kill the sun. We are born lucky. It is enough to live on the sea and kill our true brothers. I have never seen or heard of such a fish, and now we are joined together.
1) mast [mAst] n. 船桅
2) square-rigged [5skweE(r)7rIgd] adj. 横帆的
3) shift [FIft] v. 改变方向
4) harpoon [hB:5pu:n] n. 鱼叉
5) wake [weIk] n. 航迹,尾波,此处指鱼在身后留下的波浪。
6) tow [tEJ] v. 拖,拉
7) tavern [5tAv(E)n] n. 小酒馆
8) Casa Blanca 卡萨布兰卡,位于摩洛哥西北部的港口城市。
9) dock [dɒk] n. 码头
10) forearm [5fC:rB:m] n. 前臂
11) grip [^rIp] v. 紧握,握牢
12) kerosene lamp 煤油灯
13) bettor [5betE] n. 打赌者
14) draw [drC:] n. 平局,平手
15) noble [5nEJb(E)l] adj. 崇高的,高贵的
在这个片段里,老人关于从前与人掰手腕的自述很精彩。老人用三言两语就把故事交代清楚。随后,通过对当时现场其他人的活动、下赌注的情况、换岗的裁判,以及观众的心情等细节的描写,让一场看似平常的掰手腕较量顿时变得紧张刺激起来。老人没有直接宣布结果,而是通过事后被称为“冠军”的方式宣示自己的胜利。这种渲染气氛的写作方式值得同学们好好学习,建议同学们反复阅读这个片段。
3.圣地亚哥被马林鱼拖着在海里转了两天两夜。
Santiago: I will stay with you until I’m dead, fish. Ow! Oh, my hand! God, help me16)endure!
(Santiago finally attacks the fish with his harpoon and ties him to the side of his boat and heads home.)
I wish the boy was here. He will be proud of me. I am a tired old man, but I have done it!
(Sharks are attracted by the marlin’s blood and keep attacking the big fish one after another.)
It was too good to last. Sharks! A-a-a-a-h, take that! (After shark attacks, the marlin is only left with a skeleton tied to the boat.)
I should not have gone out so far, fish. I’m sorry, fish.
16) endure [In5dJEr] v. 忍耐,忍受
I should not have gone out so far.
我们通常见到should用于现在时或将来时,表示某人该做什么,或不该做什么。其实它也可以用于表示悔意,或表明某事本不该发生。具体的用法是“should+现在完成时”,由于should后应该跟动词原形,所以现在完成时的助动词也应是原形have,如:
l I should have brought the dictionary with me.(我应该把字典也带来。)
l The room should not have been painted blue.(这个房间本不该刷成蓝色。)
4.圣地亚哥筋疲力尽地拖回了马林鱼的骨架,回到家里后,倒在床上呼呼大睡。
Manolin: Don’t sit up. Drink this.
Santiago: They beat me, Manolin.
Manolin: He didn’t beat you. Not the fish.
Santiago: No, truly. It was afterwards. Did they search for me?
Manolin: Of course! How much did you suffer?
Santiago: Plenty. You know, I missed you.
Manolin: Now we fish together again.
Santiago: I am not lucky, anymore.
Manolin: The hell with luck! I’ll bring the luck with me. Get well fast, for there’s much that I can learn, and you can teach me everything. I will bring you something to eat. Rest well, old man.
Get well fast, for there’s much that I can learn, and you can teach me everything.
在这个句子中,我们看到由for引导的从句表目的,用来解释主句的原因,这是for作连词时的用法。在作连词时,for一般有“因为,由于……的缘故”的意思,但比较少用于口语。与我们熟悉的because、since等相比,它不能用于回答why引导的问题,一般不放在句首,通常用于对上文的解释,而且后面常跟一个完整的句子,如:The annual sales conference was canceled, for the company had filed bankruptcy.(年度销售大会取消了,因为公司已经申请破产。)
参考译文
1
马诺林:晚饭好了。
圣地亚哥:什么?
马诺林:醒醒,我们要吃晚饭了。
圣地亚哥:我不怎么饿。
马诺林:得了,吃吧!你不能只打鱼,不吃饭。
圣地亚哥:我这样干过。
马诺林:只要我活着,你就不能只打鱼,不吃饭。
圣地亚哥:那你得活很长时间,要照顾好自己。
马诺林:圣地亚哥!
圣地亚哥:什么事?
马诺林:我可以再跟你出去打鱼。我们一起赚过不少钱的。
圣地亚哥:不,不行。你如今在一条交上了好运的船上。我知道你不是因为怀疑我的能力才离开我的。但我已经84天没有打到一条鱼了,跟他们待在一起吧。马诺林:是爸爸叫我走的。我是个孩子,不能不听他的。
圣地亚哥:我明白,理该如此。我像你这么小的时候,就上了一条去非洲的方帆船,我还见过狮子在傍晚时分出现在海滩上。
马诺林:是的,我知道,你跟我说起过。
圣地亚哥:看现在这个海流,明天应该是一个好日子。马诺林:你会去哪儿?
圣地亚哥:等风转向涨潮时,到很远的地方去。
(次日早上,马诺林帮圣地亚哥出海打鱼做准备。)马诺林:圣地亚哥,你头一回带我上船的时候,我多大?
圣地亚哥:五岁。那天我把一条活蹦乱跳的鱼拖上船去,你差一点送了命,因为它差一点把船撞得粉碎,还记得吗?
马诺林:自打我们头一回一起出海时起,什么事儿我都记得清清楚楚。
(圣地亚哥就要启航了。)
圣地亚哥:祝你好运,马诺林。
马诺林:祝你好运,老家伙。
2
圣地亚哥:啊,好!来了,我可不能失去这个机会。在这个季节,离岸这么远,它一定个头很大。
咬吧。来啊,鱼,咬吧。它会咬饵的,老天爷,让它咬饵吧。缓缓地游过来,等我把鱼叉插进你的身子。
你准备好了吗?就现在!
(一条巨大的马林鱼咬住了鱼饵。圣地亚哥无力拖动大鱼,反倒被鱼拖行。)
那是什么?天啊!好厉害的浪!我正被一条鱼拖着走。
希望它不晓得跟它搏斗的只有一个人,一个老家伙。一定要让它相信我的力量。
我曾经让所有人都服我呢。那次在卡萨布兰卡的一家小酒馆,我跟大个子黑人比手劲,他是码头上最强壮的人。我们较量了整整一天一夜,胳膊朝上伸直,两只手互相紧握,双方都竭力想将对方的手使劲朝下压到桌面上。好多人都下了赌注,人们在煤油灯下进进出出。
裁判:十一个小时,较量还在继续。
圣地亚哥:他们每四小时换一个裁判员,好让裁判员轮流睡觉。许多打赌的人要求以和局结束这场较量,因为他们要到码头上去干活,把麻袋装的糖装上船。不然人人都会要求比赛进行到底的。
掰手腕的较量从周日早上开始,到周一早上才结束。此后好长一段时间,人人都管我叫“冠军”。
人跟大鸟与猛兽相比,真的算不上什么,虽然它们的智商比不上我们这些杀害它们的人类,可它们更高贵,本事更强。我情愿做那只待在黑暗海水里的动物。
那条鱼是我的兄弟,但我得弄死它。我很庆幸我们不需要去弄死星星。想想看,如果人必须每天去弄死月亮。月亮会逃走的。不过想想看,如果人必须每天去弄死太阳,那又会如何?我们还是幸运的,在海上过日子,弄死我们自己真正的兄弟已经够我们受的了。我还从来没见过或听说过这样的鱼,现在我们的命运连在一起了。
3
圣地亚哥:大鱼啊,我会一直陪着你,直至生命的最后一刻。喔!啊,我的手啊!老天爷,帮我熬过这一切吧。
(圣地亚哥终于把鱼叉插到马林鱼身上,把鱼拴在船边,然后返航。)
我真希望那孩子在这儿,他一定会为我骄傲的。我是一个疲惫不堪的老家伙,但我成功了!
(众多鲨鱼被马林鱼的血腥味吸引而来,一条接一条地袭击马林鱼。)
这一切太美好了,稍纵即逝。鲨鱼来了!啊——啊——啊,受死吧!
(经过鲨鱼的轮番袭击,马林鱼只剩下一副骨架。)
我不应该出海到这么远的地方。鱼啊,对不起了。
4
马诺林:别坐起来。把这喝了。
圣地亚哥:马诺林,它们把我打败了。
马诺林:它可没有打败你,你没输给那条鱼。
圣地亚哥:不是那条鱼,那倒是真的。是捉到那条鱼之后的事。他们找过我吗?
马诺林:当然!你吃了多少苦?
圣地亚哥:可不少啊。你知道吧,我想你啊。
马诺林:现在我们又可以一起打鱼了。
圣地亚哥:我再也不会交好运了。
马诺林:去他的好运!我会带来好运的。你得赶快好起来,因为我还有好多东西要学,你可以把什么都教给我。我去把吃的拿来。好好休息吧,老家伙。