“多变”的强调结构

张育阳

中图分类号：G632 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1002-7661（2017）01-162-01

强调结构是由“It + be + 被强调成分+ that +句子的其它成分”构成，该句型强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。但是在对该句型进行考查时，往往通过改变其句子结构以及相似句型的区别来考查学生对其掌握的熟练程度以及灵活运用该句型的能力，这就使得一部分学生感到对該句型掌握困难、运用很棘手觉。为了便于同学们掌握，本文就此问题归纳如下：

一、强调句型变化形式的归纳

1、以一般疑问句的形式出现

例1 Was ___ that I saw last night at the concert？

A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself

【解析】从句子所提供的语境“that I saw last night at the concert”来看，句中缺少宾语，再根据整个结构可判断出该句是强调结构，强调部分应是句子的宾语。因此应选A。

2、以特殊疑问句的形式出现

例2 Why！ I have nothing to confess. ___ you want to say？

A. What is it that B. what it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that

【解析】我们把此句按下列顺序解析其结构变化：① 补全所缺成分：It was this book that he bought yesterday. ②对划线部分提问 What was it that he bought yesterday？ ，显然，答案应为A。再如：

____ is it ____ has made Tom ____ he is today？

A. What； that： that B. That； that； what C. What； what； that D. What； that； what

通过运用以上步骤分析可知，答案应为D。

3、强调结构以名词性从句的形式出现

例3 I”ve already forgotten ___ you put the dictionary.

A. that it is there B. where was it that C. that where was D. where it was that

【解析】为了更好地理解，正确地做题，我们也可采用以下步骤进行分析：①把原句复原：It was on the shelf that I put the dictionary.②对划线部分提问：Where was it that you put the dictionary？③将其用于宾语从句中，注意此时的语序应为陈述语序：Ive already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.由此可见，答案应为D。

4、与not…until句型相结合

例4 It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. （07浙江卷） A. was until； when B. was until； that C. wasnt until； when D. wasnt until； that

【解析】当要强调句子的某一成分（一般是句子的主语、宾语、状语）时，通常用“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分”这种句子结构。如果被强调的部分是表示人的意义的名词时可以用who或that；但是，无论被强调的部分是表示地点、还是表示时间意义的名词，都不可以用where或者when。在“not...until..”结构中，如果强调until引导的时间状语或时间状语从句，则必须把not一起提到被强调部分中。该句对until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks进行强调，所以要用“It was not until…that+句子其余成分”这种结构。因此答案为D。

二、与强调句型相似的句型归纳

1、It +be +adj./n. / 过去分词+that +从句

此句型为主语从句，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是“that+从句”；句型中的adj./ n. / 过去分词作表语。

例1 It is our belief ___ improvements in health care will lead to a stronger， more prosperous economy.

A. that B. what C. which D. how

【解析】根据句意“我们坚信医疗保健的改进将会导致经济强大繁荣的发展”可判断出it是形式主语，真正的主语是that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger， more prosperous economy。因此答案为A。

2、It + be + 表示一段时间的名词+ since +从句

此句型表示“自……以来”，当since从句用过去时态时，主句应用is；如果从句中谓语动词用过去完成时态，主句则用was。此外，当从句中谓语动词是非延续性动词，表示“自该动作发生以来到现在”；如果是延续性动词，则表示“自该动作结束以来到现在”。

例2 That was really a splendid evening. Its years ___ I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when B. that C. before D. since

【解析】“It is/ was + 一段时间”后接时间状语从句时，常常用since引导。如果从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，表示“有很长时间没那么做了”。这个句子的意思是“我多年没有那么高兴了。”如果谓语动词是非延续行动词，表示“从那时开始，到目前为止有多长时间了”。例如：It is five years since I began to learn English.我学了五年英语。此题答案为D。

3、It + be +表示一段时间的名词+ before +從句

在此句型中，before引导时间状语从句，意思是“在……之前”。如果主句是肯定形式，整个句子意思是“过……时间才会……”；如果主句是否定形式，则整个句意为“不到……时间就会……”。

例3 Scientists say it may be five or six years ___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

A. when B. until C. since D. before

【解析】根据从句中谓语动词的时态“it is…”以及句意“科学家们说要过五、六年时间才能用于病人身上检验这种药”。故此题答案为D。再如：It wasnt long before the news got around.（不久这个消息就传开了）

巩固练习：

1. It was not until she got home ___ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

A. when B. that C. where D. before

2. It is not who is right but what is right ____ is of importance. （07重庆卷）

A. which B. it C. that D. this

3. ---- Where did you get to know her？ （07山东卷）

----It was on the farm _____ we worked.

A. that B. there C. which D. where

4. I have always been honest and straightforward， and it doesnt matter ___ Im talking to.

A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom

5. ---- Did Jack come back early last night？

---- Yes. It was not yet eight oclock ___ he arrived home.

A. before B. when C. that D. until

Keys： 1 ～ 5 BCDBB