例说单项选择题中的结构变化

张育阳

中图分类号：G632 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1002-7661（2017）01-085-01

单项选择题是高考题型中必不可少的题型，题目语境化、交际化、侧重考查语言运用能力的程度在逐年加大，表现在：题干隐蔽性强，句子结构变化复杂等。这些都造成了学生在做题时感到无所适从或错选。下面就单项选择题中的一些结构变化例举如下：

1.Do tell me the ways you think of ___ the problem as soon as possible.

A. to solve B. solving C. solve D. being solved

解析：答案为A。本题考查学生的逆向思维。因为think of 通常接动词-ing 形式，所以许多学生就误选了B、D项。此题干中的you think of 是一定语从句修饰the ways，意为“你想到的办法”，不是“你考虑解决困难”，故think of与solve 不是动宾关系。由题意“务必告诉我你想到的尽快解决这一困难的办法。”可以看出solve the problem 作定语修饰the ways。way后面常用of doing或to do 作定语，故答案为A.

2.The theory he had stuck ___ to be true.

A. proved B .to proving C .to prove D . to proved

解析：答案为：D。此题把定语从句中的谓语动词stuck to 与主句谓语连在一起，许多学生由于思维定势而错误地认为介词to后应跟动词-ing形式而错选为B。

3. ___the house Mr Zhang has been broken into？

A. When was it that B. When C. Has D. Had

解析：此题答案为C。主要考查疑问句的构成。由于学生对题中含有的定语从句Mr Zhang has分辨不清，误认为Mr Zhang has been broken into而造成思维空缺，错选为A。此题句意为“是否有人闯入张先生的房子？”，故此题答案为C，构成现在完成时态的一般疑问句。

4.Time must be made full use of ___hard.

A. to study B. study C. studying D. studied

解析：答案为A。此题考查的是make full use of time.。但由于此句用了被动语态使得谓语动词中的of与后面作目的状语的不定式连在一起，使许多学生认为介词of后跟to study是违背语法的而错选为C。

5.She is often listened ___ English songs.

A. to sing B. to to sing C. sing D. singing

解析：答案为B。此题考查感官动词后跟不定式作宾语补足语时通常要省略to，但在变成被动语态时要加上其符号to，即：listen to sb. do sth.→sb. be listened to do sth.。这样就把谓语中的listen to 与不定式to sing 中的两个to连在一起，使得学生认为两个to是不可能连在一起的而误选为A。

6.Who did the teacher ____an article for the wall newspaper？

A. has write B. has written C. have write D. have written

解析：答案为C。此题考查have sb. do sth.。但由于题干中用了一个特殊疑问词what对宾语提问，造成学生对句子结构分辨不清，认为have write 不符合现在完成时态构成而错选为B。

7.The teacher often tells him to spend as much time as he ___ his lessons.

A. can do to study B. can studying C. possibly studying D. possible to study

解析：答案B。此题主要考查句型to spend...（in） doing sth.但由于在賓语后插上一个状语从句，并把从句中的谓语与该句型中的一部分连起来使得学生忽略对题干的整体理解而误选。

8.The home improvements have taken what little there is ___ my spare time.

A. from B. in C. of D. at

解析：答案为C。此题设计巧妙，结构复杂，我们通过观察句子结构发现，谓语动词have taken 的宾语是一个以what引导的感叹句，如把此句用正常语序排列：...what little___my spare time there is可清楚地看出“...花费我的空余时间中的不多时间”，故正确答案为C。

9.Last term our teacher set so difficult an examination problem ___none of us worked out.

A. that B. as C. so that D. which

解析：答案为B。此题考查引导状语从句的连词之间的区别。但由于学生们故有的思维定势而轻率的选择了A，忽略了对句子结构的进一步探究。状语从句none of us worked out中的worked out 是一个及物动词须带宾语，因此须用关系代词as引导，as作worked out 的宾语。如要看作状语从句，则必须加上代词it，即...worked it out.

10.Is this watch ___ you wish to have repaired？

A. the one B. which C. that D. what

解析：答案為A。此题考查引导定语从句时关系代词该如何选择，但该句以疑问句的形式出现，对学生引起误导，认为先行词是this watch.，事实上，this watch 在句中作主语，如把此句改为陈述句则为：This watch is ___you wish to have repaired.，显然，此句缺少表语也就缺少先行词，因此正确答案为A。

反馈练习：

1.You can hardly imagine what great trouble Ive had ___ the wounded soldier.

A. treat B. treated C. treating D. to treat

2.––What have you ___hydrogen， Mary？ ––- Balloons.

A. have filled with B. had filled with. .C. had filled of D. to have filled

3.Thats the best way you should think of___ the dying soldier.

A . to save B. save C. having saved D. saving

4.More attention should be paid ___good habits of reading carefully.

A. for forming B. to form C. to forming D. in forming

5.To my disappointment， I saw the computer I had ___went wrong again.

A. it repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired

6.Mr Li made up his mind to devote all he could ___ his oral English before going abroad.

A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving

7.The girl___ forward to buying a new diamond ring.

A. referred to look B. refers to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to look

8.Has the boy who was made use of ___realized his mistake？

A. stealing B. stolen C. to steal D. for stealing

9.The war and suffering ___caused made him older than he really was.

A. it B. that C. what D. which

10.We did all___ help the poor children in western regions.

A. we could do B. what we could do C. that we could D. we could to

Keys： 1～5 CBACC 6～10 DCCAD