腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术的疗效及安全性探讨
2017-05-09胡小苗向进见
胡小苗,向进见
(湖北省荆州市第一人民医院 胃肠外科,湖北 荆州 434000)
腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术的疗效及安全性探讨
胡小苗,向进见
(湖北省荆州市第一人民医院 胃肠外科,湖北 荆州 434000)
目的探讨腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术(LADG)治疗进展期胃癌的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析198例 手术治疗的进展期胃癌患者的临床资料和随访资料,依手术方式将患者分为开腹组(n=101)和腹腔镜组(n=97),比较两组患者术中情况、术后并发症及生存质量。结果腹腔镜组与开腹组间手术时间[(226.30±36.40)vs(220.50±29.90)min,t=1.23,P=0.221]、淋巴结清扫数目[(22.01±4.99)vs(20.69±4.53)个,t=1.95,P=0.053]差异无统计学意义;腹腔镜组术中出血量少于开腹组[(114.50±20.30)vs(168.30±40.04)ml,t=11.77,P=0.000];胃肠功能恢复时间低于开腹组[(72.30±7.91)vs (84.05±9.04)h,t=9.72,P=0.000];住院天数低于开腹组[(8.89±1.57)vs(10.36±2.65)d,t=4.72,P=0.000];腹腔镜组、开腹组术后肿瘤近端切缘[(5.07±2.04)vs(4.85±1.98)cm,t=0.77,P=0.442],远端切缘[(4.33±1.90)vs(3.90±2.02)cm,t=1.54,P=0.125]差异无统计学意义;腹腔镜组和开腹组患者术后并发症发生率分别为9例(9.27%)和8例(7.92%),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01,P=0.907);腹腔镜组术后7天Karnofsky评分(KPS)高于开腹组[(79.33±15.54)vs(73.49±13.37)分,t=2.84,P=0.005];术后30天两组患者KPS评分差异无统计学意义[(90.83±8.36)vs(89.57±7.98)分,t=1.09,P=0.279)。结论LADG治疗进展期胃癌与开腹手术有相同的临床疗效,但其对患者创伤小,患者近期生存质量高于开腹组。
腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术;进展期胃癌;疗效;安全性
在胃癌的临床治疗过程中,以手术治疗为核心的综合治疗模式已被广泛接受。由于我国胃癌普查工作的不足,患者多以进展期胃癌为主,病变多发生于胃体或胃窦。因此,手术方式以远端胃切除、D2淋巴结清扫术为主,腹腔镜辅助远端胃切除术(1aparoscopyassisted distal gastrectomy,LADG)是近年来发展起来的手术方式,但由于胃周解剖结构的复杂性以及腹腔镜操作视野相对局限等原因,使其根治性和安全性尚存在争议[1]。为明确腹腔镜技术在胃癌治疗中的价值,本文回顾性分析了198例手术治疗的进展期胃癌患者的临床资料,探讨腹腔镜技术对进展期胃癌的临床疗效和安全性。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
收集2011年1月-2012年12月198例行手术治疗的进展期胃癌患者的临床资料,患者术前均经内镜下活组织病理检查证实为胃癌,经超声内镜、CT和术后病理明确淋巴结转移范围和浸润深度,依据2011年UICC胃癌TNM分期(第七版)标准予以TNM分期[2],排除肝脏、腹膜等远处转移患者,排除浸润深度为T4期患者。患者中男116例,女82例,平均年龄(60.27±12.54)岁,依手术方式分为开腹组101例,腹腔镜组97例。两组患者性别、年龄、及临床病理资料保持均衡,具有可比性。结果见表1。
表1 两组患者一般情况及临床病理资料比较Table 1 Comparison of two groups with general and clinical pathological data
1.2 手术方法
1.2.1 开腹远端胃癌根治术遵循日本胃癌处理规约(第13版)常规完成手术[3-4]。
1.2.2 腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术常规建立气腹,行腹腔镜下腹腔、盆腔探查,确认肿瘤部位后沿横结肠边缘用超声刀游离大网膜,向左至近结肠脾区,裸化胃网膜左动静脉根部并双重结扎,清扫第4sa组淋巴结(大弯淋巴结左组,沿胃短动脉),向上分离结肠系膜前叶,沿胰腺下缘及胰头表面清扫第14组淋巴结;游离胃网膜右动静脉,清除第6组淋巴结;解剖肝总动脉,胃左、右血管,近端脾动脉,并清扫第7、8a、9和11p组淋巴结,胃左、右血管根部裸化后生物夹夹闭后切断;靠近肝下缘离断肝胃韧带,解剖肝十二指肠韧带,清扫第1、3、5和12a组淋巴结。完成D2淋巴结清扫及胃的游离,备开腹切除胃标本并重建消化道,常规放置引流管后关腹。
1.3 观察指标
观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、清扫淋巴结及术后胃肠功能恢复时间、导尿管拔除时间和住院天数;术后术区感染、吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、反流性食管炎、胃瘫和肠梗阻等并发症发生情况及病理近远端切缘情况;并应用Karnofsky(KPS,百分法)肿瘤患者术后功能状态评分[5]评价患者术后生存质量。
1.4 统计学方法
分析软件采用SPSS 17.0统计软件。计数资料以频数表示,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher’确切概率法检验,计量资料以均数±标准差(±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验,检验水准α=0.05。
2 结果
2.1 围手术期情况比较
腹腔镜组和开腹组患者手术时间分别为(226.30± 36.40)和(220.50±29.90)min,两组患者手术时间差异无统计学意义(t=1.23,P=0.221);腹腔镜组术中出血量为(114.50±20.30)ml,明显少于开腹组(168.30±40.04)ml,两组间差异有统计学意义(t=11.77,P=0.000);腹腔镜组淋巴结清扫数目为(22.01±4.99)个,开腹组为(20.69±4.53)个,两组间差异无统计学意义(t=1.95,P=0.053);腹腔镜组胃肠功能恢复时间为(72.30±7.91)h,低于开腹组(84.05±9.04)h,差异有统计学意义(t=9.72,P=0.000);腹腔镜组住院天数为(8.89±1.57)d,低于开腹组(10.36±2.65)d,差异有统计学意义(t=4.72,P=0.000)。见表2。
表2 两组患者手术期情况比较 (±s)Table 2 Comparison of operation period of two groups (±s)
表2 两组患者手术期情况比较 (±s)Table 2 Comparison of operation period of two groups (±s)
组别 手术时间/min 术中出血/ml 淋巴结清扫数目/个 胃肠功能恢复时间/h 住院天数/d腹腔镜组(n=97) 226.30±36.40 114.50±20.30 22.01±4.99 72.30±7.91 8.89±1.57开腹组(n=101) 220.50±29.90 168.30±40.04 20.69±4.53 84.05±9.04 10.36±2.65t值 1.23 11.77 1.95 9.72 4.72P值 0.221 0.000 0.053 0.000 0.000
2.2 两组患者术后病理比较
腹腔镜组和开腹组术后肿瘤近端切缘分别为(5.07±2.04)和(4.85±1.98)cm,两组间差异无统计学意义(t=0.77,P=0.442);远端切缘分别为(4.33±1.90)和(3.90±2.02)cm,两组间差异无统计学意义(t=1.54,P=0.125)。见附图。
2.3 两组患者并发症发生情况
腹腔镜组和开组患者术后并发症发生率分别为9例(9.27%)和8例(7.92%),两组患者的并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01,P=0.907)。其中,腹腔镜组患者术后术区感染、吻合口出血、胃瘫各1例,吻合口瘘2例,反流性食管炎4例;开腹组患者术后术区感染2例,反流性食管炎3例,吻合口瘘、胃瘫和肠梗阻各1例。见表3。
2.4 两组患者术后生存质量比较
腹腔镜组和开腹组术后7天KPS评分分别为(79.33±15.54)和(73.49±13.37)分,腹腔镜组生存质量高于开腹组(t=2.84,P=0.005);术后30天两组患者KPS评分分别为(90.83±8.36)和(89.57±7.98)分,两组间差异无统计学意义(t=1.09,P=0.279)。见表4。
附图 两组患者术后切缘比较Attached fig. Comparison of resection margin of postoperative
表3 两组患者术中及术后并发症比较 例(%)Table 3 Comparison of postoperative complications on intraoperative and postoperativen(%)
表4 两组患者术后生存质量KPS评分 (分,±s)Table 4 Quality of life KPS score of two group patients (score,±s)
表4 两组患者术后生存质量KPS评分 (分,±s)Table 4 Quality of life KPS score of two group patients (score,±s)
组别 术后7天 术后30天腹腔镜组(n=97) 79.33±15.54 90.83±8.36开腹组(n=101) 73.49±13.37 89.57±7.98t值 2.84 1.09P值 0.005 0.279
3 讨论
胃癌手术成功与否与扎实的临床解剖基础密切相关,腹腔镜手术与传统的开腹手术在解剖本质上无差异,但由于腹腔镜手术入路与视角变化的不同,一些重要的易于识别的解剖标志、毗邻结构和解剖层次缺乏,一些诸如淋巴结清扫时的出血、血管的损伤等在开腹手术情况下较简单的问题或许成为腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术中的难点[6-7]。另外,如临床医生对腹腔镜下的解剖关系认识不足的话,则在清扫胰上区域淋巴结时的手术难度会增加[8]。因此,对这一技术的安全性和根治性的存在质疑。特别是在早期的学习期,手术医生操作不熟练,手术时间增加等因素均可导致病变切除不彻底、术后并发症增多的可能[9-10]。相关研究认为,在完成手术例数50例后才能跨越学习曲线,熟练掌握手术方法,避免并发症的发生[9]。
腹腔镜手术本身具有对患者腹腔干扰小、手术创伤小的特点[11-12],国内有研究者报道,胃癌患者应用腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术可获得理想的治疗效果[13]。本研究结果显示,腹腔镜手术保证了治疗的彻底性,患者病理切缘及淋巴结清扫个数与传统开腹组差异无统计学意义,但腹腔镜手术患者术中出血少,术后患者恢复快,患者短期生存质量优于传统的开腹手术,表明腹腔镜手术适用于胃癌的淋巴结清扫,可以保证良好的治疗彻底性和安全性。笔者通过临床观察发现,在术中具有熟练的腹腔镜操作技术下,保证腔镜视野下良好的解剖层次感是淋巴结清扫的关键;腹腔镜具有有效的放大作用,能够将较为精细的神经、脉管及筋膜等结构清晰的显示出来,有利于术者进行血管鞘内淋巴结的清扫;而超声刀具有良好的切割、止血效果,并对周围组织损伤轻,适合于血管的分离裸化。
另外,有研究显示,腹腔镜手术后C反应蛋白和血清内脏蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白及视黄醇结合蛋白等水平均较开腹组低[14],表明腹腔镜患者术后炎症反应轻,术后早期机体应激反应程度和持续时间均可有效的降低。
综上所述,针对进展期胃癌患者,开展腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术可获得较为满意的治疗效果,手术具有创伤小,术后康复快的优越性,腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术是值得在临床进一步推广的手术方式。
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(吴静 编辑)
Clinical ef fi cacy and safety of 1aparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Xiao-miao Hu, Jin-jian Xiang
(Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China)
ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical ef fi cacy and safety of 1aparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for patients with advanced gastric cancer.MethodsClinical data of 198 cases with advanced gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the surgical approach, patients were divided into laparotomy group (n= 101) and laparoscopic group (n= 97), and the intraoperative situation, postoperative complications and quality of life were compared.ResultsThere were no statistical differences in operation time [(226.30 ± 36.40) vs (220.50 ± 29.90) min,t= 1.23,P= 0.221)], number of lymph node cleaning [(22.01 ± 4.99) vs (20.69 ± 4.53),t= 1.95,P= 0.053] between the two groups; the blood loss of laparoscopy group was less than the laparotomy group [(114.50 ± 20.30) vs (168.30 ± 40.04) ml,t= 11.77,P= 0.000]; gastrointestinal function recovery time of laparoscopy group was less than laparotomy group [(72.30 ± 7.91) vs (84.05 ± 9.04) h,t= 9.72,P= 0.000); hospital stay of laparoscopy group was less than the laparotomy group [(8.89 ± 1.57) vs (10.36 ± 2.65) d,t= 4.72,P= 0.000]; there were no statistical differences in the tumor proximal cut end [(5.07 ± 2.04) vs (4.85 ± 1.98) cm,t= 0.77,P= 0.442) and margin of distal [(4.33 ± 1.90) vs (3.90 ± 2.02) cm,t= 1.54,P= 0.125] between the two groups; the postoperative complication rate of laparoscopy group and laparotomy group was 9.27% (9 cases ) and 7.92% (8 cases), respectively, the differencewas not statistically significance (χ2=0.01,P= 0.907); KPS score of laparoscopy group in 7 days after surgery were higher than laparotomy group [(79.33 ± 15.54) vs (73.49 ± 13.37),t= 2.84,P= 0.005], and in 30 days after surgery showed no statistical differences.ConclusionThe clinical effect of 1aparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer is equivalent to the laparotomy, while with less trauma. Short-term quality of life in 1aparoscopy group is higher than laparotomy group.
1aparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy; advanced gastric cancer; ef fi cacy; safety
R735.2
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-1989.2017.04.014
1007-1989(2017)04-0076-05
2016-09-01
向进见,E-mail:xiangjjxiangcy@sina.com