济南发丝绣国画意境的完整留存

济南发丝绣国画意境的完整留存

Hair Embroidery Exclusive to Jinan

Xu Xiuling

Representative successor of Lu

Embroidery, provincial intangible cultural heritage.

徐秀玲

省级非物质文化遗产鲁绣代表性传人

Xu Xiuling working on the embroidery of Autumn colours on the Qiao and Hua Mountains.徐秀玲绣制《鹊华秋色图》

Nihao: What makes Jinan hair embroidery so special?

Xu: To produce a typical Jinan hair embroidery work, the master needs to adopt complext traditional techniques such as degreasing and dyeing to obtain different colours of hair. According to the artistic effect of the works, people combine hair with silk thread and embroider manually onto cloth. This particular method makes the eyebrows, beard, animal feathers and horsetails look more real. Besides, hair embroidery can also demonstrate the smooth strokes of calligraphy works. The Record of Gu Embroidery publishedin Qing Dynasty mentioned Jinan hair embroidery and proved that it is exclusive to Jinan. In addition, Jinan hair embroidery usually takes Jinan's famous person and the local sceneries as its main themes. I used to spend three years on the embroidery of Zhao Mengfu's Autumn colours on the Qiao and Hua mountains. This embroidery work shows the landscape of two famous mountains in Jinan - the Qiao Mountain and the Hua Mountain, while retaining the original conception of the origional painting.

Nihao: Have you tried to let more people know about Jinan hair embroidery?

Xu: Yes, I have tried to pass on my knowledge to more people. Learning Lu embroidery is timeconsuming and of low economic efficiency, so few people can persist on it. Very few people can be well-trained with a certain level of embroidering techniques. I am delighted to say that I actually have an apprentice who has been wlalking down the lane for ten years, which gives me hope for Lu embroidery. I have also carried out activities outside Shandong province, so as to let more people know about Jinan hair embroidery. I was once invited to stay in Macao for 20 days and demonstrate my embroidery skills to the audience.

Nihao：济南发丝绣作为鲁绣的亮点品类，它的主要特色在哪？

徐：发丝绣的工艺相比其它种类更为复杂，需要运用传统技术将发丝脱脂、染色，从而获得颜色各异的发丝。根据作品要表现的艺术效果，将发丝结合丝线，在底布上进行手工绣制。加入发丝后，刺绣作品中人物的眉毛、胡子和头发，动物的羽毛、马尾等看起来显得更立体。此外，发丝绣能够很好地展现国画的意境。发丝绣还可以表现书法作品，能够将笔画的连接流畅地体现出来。清朝出版的《顾绣考》中有关于“济南发丝绣”的记载，证明这一独特品类为济南独有。

此外，“济南发丝绣”通常以济南文化名人和当地风景为主题。比如曲阜市博物馆收藏的《孔子绣像》，济南博物馆收藏的《李清照绣像》等。我曾经花了三年时间绣制了赵孟頫的《鹊华秋色图》，用济南独有的绣法体现了济南两大名山——华不注和鹊山的风光，完整地保留了原画的意境。

Nihao:你是否尝试过让更多人了解鲁绣？

徐：有。我主要通过教学和展演来传播鲁绣知识。鲁绣的学习耗时长、经济效益见效慢，所以一般人学不久，能真正培养出来并能达到一定绣制水平的屈指可数。值得欣慰的是，目前我带的一个徒弟已经坚持了十几年，让我看到了鲁绣的希望。另外，鲁绣也积极开展社会活动，比如在济南市文化局举办公益传习。鲁绣还尝试过走出山东省，我曾经受邀在澳门进行了20天的鲁绣绝技展演，让澳门同胞领略到鲁绣之美。