探讨高中英语有效读前活动的作用
2017-03-31葛曙辉
葛曙辉
摘要:课前活动是课堂教学部分不可或缺的重要前奏。在以学生为主导的教学方法的驱动下,它能够以丰富多彩的形式,有效地调动学生的学习积极性,激发学习兴趣,加强自主学习能力及与人合作交际的能力,很好地提高了课堂的教学效率。本文通过教学案例分析,探讨了高中英语教学中有效读前活动的作用。
关键词:英语教学;读前活动;有效作用
中图分类号:G633.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1992-7711(2017)04-075-1
一、预测文本内容
有效的读前活动能够帮助学生为文本阅读做好准备。读前预测是指学生在阅读前中对文章可能讨论的问题进行猜测,这是一个积极思维的过程,也是为阅读热身准备的过程。在读前活动中学生对文本内容信息的了解将有助于他们树立阅读信心、明确阅读任务以及减少阅读过程中的障碍。在实践教学过程中,教师可以通过利用图片、表格、标题等信息引导学生对文本内容进行预测讨论,为正式阅读做好准备。
【案例一】 《积极英语阅读教程》(第二级)第4单元第2章节是一篇关于体育明星姚明运动生涯的简介文章。大多数学生对于姚明以及篮球运动可以说并不陌生,所以教师可以有效利用文章题目Sports Success: Yao Ming以及书上图片引导学生对文本内容进行预测。书上呈现给学生的是一张姚明投篮的图片,生动明晰。教师可以在读前让学生仔细看图片,并给出下列提示问题:
Who can you see in the picture?
What is he / she / are they doing?
What do you know about him / her / them?
接着教师让学生同伴分享自己观察到的内容。讨论之后,教师让学生小组合作结合题目以及从图片上获得的信息进行下面的活动:
Look at the title of the reading and the photo. Which of these things do you think the reading will mention? Or what else do you think might be included in the reading?
Physical strength the right personality good luck.
hard work the right body type a supportive family.
good coaches and training lots of money what else .
通过以上活动,学生对马上要阅读的文本内容可以有大致的了解和把握,进而明确阅读目的和提高阅读速度。
二、丰富学生的词汇知识
高中英语阅读教学承担着培养学生语言运用能力的重要任务,学生不仅要准确理解阅读材料内容,还要学习材料中蕴含的语言知识,并把所学知识运用于新的情景中。首先教师在备课时需要依据文本特征制定明确的词汇目标,然后将目标词汇分类,即与阅读主题紧密相连的词汇,阻碍学生理解文本的词汇,以及在文本的特定情境中具有特殊意义的词汇。对于第三类词汇,学生可以通过阅读上下文猜出词义,这类词可以放在读中阶段解决,而对于前两类词汇教师可以利用读前活动帮助学生完成词汇认知,从而促进学生进行读前热身并降低阅读新文本材料尤其是难度较高或学生较为陌生的文本的焦虑感。
【案例二】 《积极英语阅读教程》(第二级)第6单元第2章节Work Hard, Play Hard?是一篇关于告诉人们如何忙里偷闲、工作生活两不误的文章。根据上文提到的目标词汇分类,我们将以下词汇列为需要在读前活动中解决的重难点词汇: conduct, commute, pursue, 依据传统词汇教学的PPT模式即presentation, practice, testing, 我们在读前活动阶段可以通过以下活动帮助学生完成对这些词汇的初步認知。
Step One: Teacher: These words are some key new words in the text we are about to read. Look at the sentences below. For each sentence there are two different definitions of the words. Only one definition is correct. Firstly tick (√) the answer you think is correct.
1. Our school conducted a survey to find out the students reaction to the new library.
a) Our school showed students the survey. The students got to know the results.
b) Our school carried out a survey. The students were asked about their reaction to the library.
2. Jim commutes from New York to Washington D.C. every day.
a) Jim travels a long distance to get to work every day.
b) Jim is punished to travel a long distance every day.
3. Kathy pursued her acting career with great determination.
a) Kathy continued her acting career and tried to become successful over a long time.
b) Kathy kept asking out her acting career. She wanted to make sure of it.
Step Two: Teacher: Now use your dictionary to check whether your answers are correct. You may have a discussion with your partner if you are not sure.
Step Three: Teacher: Now please fill the gaps using the words underlined above.
1. He said they were a campaign to memorize those who died in the bomb attack.
……
以上活动是在教师指导下进行的,教师不但可以有效地掌控词汇输入,同时又节省读前活动时间。此外,在课堂上让学生利用字典学习词汇,一方面字典作为英语学习者的必备工具书可以帮助学生迅速查找准确信息;另一方面,对于一词多义情况,学生可以利用字典辨析单词在具体情境中的词义,以便更好地掌握单词。值得注意的是,词汇学习不是一蹴而就的,新、难词的掌握仍需要在接下来的读中和读后活动中进行循环与提升。