刻刀为笔绘春秋

王福田

“选择在德清开馆是因为这里是我的第二故乡，这里有着深厚的文化底蕴，并且非常重视营造艺术文化氛围。”2016年12月22日上午，坐落在浙江省德清县余英溪畔的“陆放艺术馆”正式开馆，85岁的中国著名版画家陆放作为名誉馆长，出席了开馆仪式并致辞。

在刀痕水迹中耕耘一甲子，赢得卓越成就

“陆放艺术馆”与“俞平伯纪念馆”同处余英溪北岸，相互为邻。两幢建筑风格相近，同为粉墙黛瓦，都是艺术大家的个人专题馆。陆放艺术馆收藏陈列了陆放创作的323幅版画精品以及原版、手稿。这些作品的创作时间横跨59年，总共花费了近20万个小时才完成。进入展馆右侧，“刀痕水迹”展板上书写着陆放的艺术人生历程：1932年，正值中国局部抗战兴起救国存亡之际，也正是鲁迅先生在上海倡导发起中国新兴木刻版画运动之时，陆放降生在距离上海仅70公里的江南水乡昆山。也许是命运的安排，少年时期的他经历了中华民族的觉醒和反抗，而当时作为宣传材料的木刻版画给了他莫大震撼。他说：“我走上版画的道路，是受到新兴版画运动的影响。鲁迅先生提出木刻要像投向敌人的一把匕首。当时我看到胡一川、野夫的木刻版画，作品那么有爆发力，很受鼓舞。”1949年，17岁的陆放离开家乡，进入军旅，开始从事美术工作。1955年，陆放考入中央美术学院华东分院（现中国美术学院）版画系深造，1960年毕业后留校任教。

上世纪50年代后期，陆放的作品开始参加全国性的大型美术展览。1979年作品被国家选送参加世界第十三届版画展。1994年陆放应美国巴尔的摩美术学院邀请赴美国五所大学讲学，被授予巴尔的摩市荣誉市民，并在巴尔的摩和波士顿两地举办水印木刻展。1996年中国版画家协会授予陆放版画界最高荣誉“鲁迅版画奖”。

陆放热爱自然，钟情于风景版画创作，因擅长以水印木刻技法创作西湖题材版画而被美术界誉为“西湖陆”。作品曾被中国美术馆、天津艺术博物馆、伦敦大英帝国博物馆、巴黎国家造型艺术中心、日本神奈种美术馆、莫斯科博物馆、美国巴尔的摩博物馆等收藏。代表作品有《苏堤春晓》《江南水乡》《沙漠绿洲》等。出版有《陆放画集》《水印木刻技法》《新世纪·新绘画》作品集。

陆放艺术馆是一幢独立的两层小楼，两千余平方米的展馆分为“悠悠水乡”、“烟雨西子”、“魅力山河”和“莫干山情”四大展区。其中“莫干山情”展区主要展出了陆放2009年以来创作的名山、湿地、古镇作品，通过传统木刻水印技艺，描绘出一幅幅清丽悠远、意趣盎然的德清特色美景，也述说着陆放与德清半个多世纪的不解情缘。

德清是第二故乡，愿意把艺术馆建在这里

故乡昆山的陆放说：德清名人孟郊、俞曲园、俞平伯等与昆山渊源颇深。德清从古至今都是富庶之地，近50年来，自己无数次到过德清，这里已是第二故乡。早在1967年12月，陆放就以《工农兵画报》记者身份到德清雷甸采访。1972年夏季，浙江省文化厅和省美术家协会组织“全国美展创作”活动，在莫干山上生活了一个多月。改革开放前期，江南大地处处呈现出蓬勃的景象，陆放几乎每个月都要带领学生到湖州乡下写生，或者参加农村文化工作队，菱湖、钟管、新市等江南水乡都短暂停留过。正是因为长期对江南水乡深入观察、体验、研究，有了真感受，动了真感情，把握了江南文化的本质美，陆放才创作出了无数动人的艺术作品。

2009年6月20日，由浙江省政协诗书画之友社、德清县委宣传部主办的“秀色江南——陆放水印版画展”在德清举行，首次展出了德清题材的系列版画作品6幅：《莫干山旭光台》《雅居莫干》《月照下渚湖》《下渚湖之晨》和《江南古镇》《古镇雪景》。它们为德清县的山水和人文景色留下了艺术的注脚。一位文化人士观看展览后认为：“陆放版画的艺术之美与江南之优雅完美融合，恰如一颗水晶球折射出现实世界的千变万化。”2011年11月28日，陆放版画藏书票馆在德清瘐村开馆，莫干山麓又增添了一道古典又现代的人文风景。2015年，德清县政府聘请陆放担任文化顾问。当年10月29日，陆放决定把他创作的300多件作品无偿捐赠给德清县，新建一座精致的陆放艺术馆。

水印木刻的西湖，展示东方艺术神韵

“水至柔，却蕴骨；水骨无痕，却致山川河谷。所经之处，高纵万壑，是为水印。”陆放艺术馆的“悠悠水乡”展区，集中展出了陆放的20多幅江南水乡四季景物、生活场景作品。水镇之冬、雪花飘飘、桥乡雪景、水乡雪景、恬静的清水湾、清江澹泊、小镇水街、泽国垂钓、渔家姑娘、水乡夜话、水库新城、腊月雪茫茫等作品。观众能一窥刀尖下的水乡美景，通过块面与线条的组合，构成一幅幅意境深远、清新淡雅而又引人入胜的江南水乡画景，令人回味再三。

陆放以清新淡雅、平实含蓄的画作在中国当代版画苑里占据了重要一席，他用独特的水印木刻技法，精心选用质地细腻的梨木和优质夹宣为材料，刻画出了一个又一个江南水乡新的境地。正如美术评论家、中国美术学院教授毛建波说的那样：陆放以一个诗人的眼光观察世界、体味自然，他的画充满了浓厚的东方色彩和浓郁的诗意，传递了他对江南水乡烟雨轻岚的审美感受，表達了他对宁静祥和、安居乐业生活的礼赞。

循着陆放的传统木刻水印痕迹，走进“烟雨西子”展区。陆放在杭州西湖畔生活了60多年，西湖的柔水日日在眼前荡漾，自1973年创作第一件水印木刻《苏堤春晓》后，陆放把大部分时光都停留在西湖上，《西湖春雨》的淡雅、《柳浪闻莺》的娟秀、《保俶初阳》的明丽、《平湖秋月》的清幽、《断桥残雪》的隽永……历40余年之久，陆放得之于西湖的画作也不过30余幅。但每一幅都可谓是镂神雕心之作，镂刻着他60多年来的发现，画里的神韵乃是美丽西湖诗意的凝结。

在“魅力山河”展区，既有万里长城的雄伟壮观，也有黄河天险的悬崖峭壁，更有千里大漠的风尘月色，这些作品传达了他对祖国大好河山的热爱和感悟。“莫干山情”展区的作品都是陆放热爱德清的倾情之作。他说：“德清素有鱼米之乡、丝绸之府、名山之胜、竹茶之地、文化之邦的美誉。莫干山是江南第一名山，下渚湖滋润着这片美丽土地，新市是东方名镇。”小镇水街、旧村老宅、红杏白墙、山乡野塘，地处吴越水乡的德清，处处都是秀丽典雅的滥觞。半个世纪里，陆放不计其数地访德清、恋德清、写德清，无论月夜、雨中，还是雾里、雪后，一经他的版画表现都会有特别的气韵。难怪欣赏陆放的画，总觉得画中有诗，意趣盎然。

（本文攝影 李 骅）

Art Museum Honors Printmakers Career

By Wang Futian

Lu Fang， an 85-year-old printmaking artist， attended the opening ceremony of an art museum on the morning of December 22， 2016. The museum is located in Deqing， a rural county north of Hangzhou. He must attend the ceremony： it is named after him， he is its honorary curator and it houses a collection of over 300 of his original woodcuts and prints.

Lu is a prominent woodprint artist. Born in 1932 in Kunshan， about 70 kilometers from Shanghai， he joined the Peoples Liberation Army at 17 in 1949. He worked in the army as an artist. In 1955， he began his four-year study as a printmaking major at East China Campus of the Central Academy of Fine Arts （the predecessor of the present-day Hangzhou-based China Academy of Art）. He graduated in 1960 and began to teach at his alma mater. His artworks began to appear at national art exhibitions in the 1950s. In 1979， his works of art were selected for the 13th World Woodprint Art Exhibition. In 1994， he lectured in five American universities and held solo exhibitions in Baltimore and Boston. In 1996， he won Lu Xun Woodprint Prize， the top honor for this artistic genre in China.

Lu Fang is best known for his lyrical portrayals of nature. His landscape masterpieces are in various collections of art museums and individuals at home and abroad.

The art museum is a two-story standalone affair on Yuying Stream. The floor space is over 2，000 square meters. The museum displays 323 artworks by Lu Fang. These are the best of all the creations by the artist. They were created over a span of 59 years and cost the artist nearly 200，000 hours of his life. The exhibition features four sections. One of them is about Mogan Mountain， a major scenic attraction in Deqing and a well known summer getaway for urbanites of Hangzhou and Shanghai and other big cities in the south of Yangtze River Delta.

Lu Fang is intimately associated with Deqing and considers it as his second home. His first visit to Deqing occurred in December 1967. Back then he was an art reporter of a pictorial publication. In the summer of 1972， he spent a month in Mogan Mountain， creating paintings for a national exhibition. In the early 1980s， he and his students tripped to the scenic rural areas in Huzhou almost every month and sketched. The total exposure to the scenic beauty of Jiangnan enabled him to understand the aesthetics of nature better. He attributes his artistic achievement to nature. And art critics， collectors and general public agree with him.

His association with Deqing is more than field studies and sketch trips. Deqing holds his art in high esteem.

In June 2009， he held a solo exhibition in Deqing. It was sponsored by the local government and an art society at the provincial level. His depiction of the scenic Deqing won the heart of the local people. A critic commented that Lus woodprints were an artistic footnote to the history and culture of Deqing. A visitor observed that Lus artworks perfectly integrated art and the grace and elegance of Jiangnan， featuring lyrical and surreal versions of the reality of this world. In November 2011， Deqing launched an art museum that holds a collection of ex-libris all featuring Lu Fangs woodprints. In 2015， Lu Fang was appointed a cultural advisor by Deqing County Government. In October 2015， Lu decided to donate over 300 woodprints to Deqing. The museum has come into being to house the artworks.

The best known artworks by Lu Fang are probably those about the West Lake. Though he has lived by the West Lake for more than 60 years， the West Lake has appeared only in 30 plus woodprints of his. The first one was made in 1973. These about the West Lake offer insight into the poetic beauty of the lake.

Mao Jianbo， a professor with China Academy of Art， comments that Lu looks at the world in a poets perspective， which explains the poetry and oriental colors of his portrayals of Jiangnan.