怎样写好建议信
2017-03-07谭敏徐鸿鸣
谭敏++徐鸿鸣
书信一直是多年来全国卷英语高考书面表达的主流体裁,而建议信又是常见的书信形式之一。它在英语高考中常常出现。
[文体介绍]
建议信是向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告,以便让对方接受自己的想法、主张并解决有关问题的应用文。建议信可以写给个人,就其遇到的某个问题提出看法;也可以写给某个组织或者机构,就改进其服务等方面提出建议或忠告。建议信要给出写信的原因,建议的内容,提出建议的理由,而且提出的理由要合情合理,同时语气一定要得体,即既要委婉礼貌,又要有说服力。
[写作要求]
以2008年全国卷Ⅱ书面表达为例,具体谈谈如何写好建议信:
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写回信。
要点: 参加中文学习班;看中文书刊、电视;学唱中文歌曲;交中国朋友。
1. 说明写信的目的
Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are a few suggestions.
无论是哪种书信,最好在第一段就表明写信的目的。若是给某一个人写建议信,常用的开头语不外乎Im glad to receive your email asking for my advice on how to ...或Im very glad to have received your letter/email. Now Im writing to/Id like to give you some advice on how to ...。
若是给某组织或机关写建议信,开头一般应先恭维对方或赞赏对方的工作,然后再委婉地给出想提的建议。如2011年全国卷Ⅱ的书面表达是某报在创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。这篇作文宜先向报社创刊五周年表示祝贺,然后按照要点要求介绍自己是报社忠实读者,并给出喜欢报纸的原因,最后再委婉地给出建议。
Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror! Im a regular reader of your newspaper. I like it very much mainly for the following two reasons. First, ...
2. 介紹详情、提出建议
如2008年全国卷Ⅱ可接着开头语续写:①First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as youll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. ②Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. ③Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so youll learn and remember Chinese words more easily. ④You can also make more Chinese friends. ⑤They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese. ⑥Try and write to me in Chinese next time.
第二部分是建议信的核心内容,该部分写作需遵循几条基本原则:
(1)一二三原则
该原则指的是写作时要有条理,线索明朗,结构清晰,所提建议一目了然。因此写作时应适当使用一些表达步骤、文章逻辑或时间先后的衔接过渡词。
(2)多实少虚
①多提实在的、具体的、切实可行的建议,少提虚无缥缈的、大而空的或者难以实现的建议。如某人向你咨询怎样学好外语,你建议他多读书(读什么书?怎样读?这样太笼统)或要多与外国人交谈,甚至尽量到国外去生活(这对绝大多数人来说都是办不到的)。
②在用词上尽量避免表达空泛或笼统的语言,应使用更具体、更生动的词语,如“这是一条好的建议”不应只是a good suggestion,而可以是a suitable/appropriate/practical/beneficial/worthwhile/operable/achievable suggestion。
(3)长短句原则
写作时要注意长短句交替,简单句和复合句错落使用。如以上范文第二段的第①句(包含一个as引导的定语从句)和第③句(含一个because引导的状语从句)是复合句,第②④⑤⑥句是简单句。简单句中②较长(包含一个状语从句的省略whenever possible),其余三句都比较短。
3. 客套结尾
一般英语书面表达常采用“三段十句”写法。即写三段(开头、正文、结尾),文章大概十个句子左右。而建议信的结尾通常就是一些客套话。这既是写信的需要,同时也是为了文章的完整性。
一篇完整的书信一般也遵循“三段十句”原则:包括开头段(写信的目的)、正文(书信的具体内容)、结尾段(表达愿望、希望、祝福,强调自己写信的目的或是对方尤其要注意的事情等)。建议信常用的结束语有:
I hope that my suggestions are helpful for your decision-making anyway. I would be more than happy to see improvement.
I believe that you will take my suggestions into serious account/consideration.
I would be ready to discuss about this matter with you to further details. Whatever you decide to do, good luck with your studies/work!
[常用模版]
Dear Jim,
Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to _________ (引出主题). Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to _______. Besides, it should be a good idea to________. You can also________. (此三句使用不同的句式提出建议). As to ________, I suggest _______ (有时根据需要具体到某一反面). In addition, _________(其他建议). Im sure __________ (预测可能的结果,给对方以行动的信心和决心).
Im looking forward to _______(表达愿望).
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
[練练笔]
假如你是李华,你刚收到了你的英语笔友Jenny的电子邮件,她将作为交换生来你校就读,询问你需要作何种准备以及怎样才能尽快融入新环境。请你根据下列内容给她写封回信。
1. 准备好海外交换生所需要的各种证件;
2. 多交新朋友;
3. 多参加学校活动以及多在附近走动。
注意:1. 词数100词左右 。
2. 开头语结束语已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jenny,
Im glad to receive your email telling me
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
范文
Dear Jenny,
Im glad to receive your email telling me that youll soon come to my school as an exchange student. How I was excited at the good news!
As an overseas student, to top it all, you should prepare all needed certificates in case you should meet some troublesome occasions. Next, while in our school, youd better make more new friends, teachers included, who can help you get acquainted with the new surroundings earlier. In addition, I can also show you around our city, where there are abundant tourist attractions. Im sure youll lose yourself in them. Last but not least, getting yourself involved in as many activities as possible is also a good way to integrate yourself with the collective.
Wish you success.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua