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那些年,我们追过的动漫电影

2017-02-25张晓敏

新东方英语·中学版 2017年1期
关键词:小桃宫崎骏星际

张晓敏

最早接觸动漫还是在上大学的时候,当时看的是新海诚导演的《秒速五厘米》,看完后觉得动漫里的人都好美,明亮的眸子,纤细的身形,清脆的声音,怎么看都完美。或许从那时起,心中就播下了动漫的种子。后来机缘巧合下,又看了米林宏昌导演的《借东西的小人阿莉埃蒂》,才真正爱上动漫,才开始了解动漫。

谁说动漫太过幼稚?那看似简单的故事背后所蕴涵的道理或许你我一生都参不透。谁说动漫太过肤浅?那些让人为之痴迷的动漫人物道出的话语不知打动了多少人。谁说看动漫是在浪费时间?那一帧帧栩栩如生的画面让多少人喜欢上了画动漫。谁说动漫毫无用处?多少人因为《灌篮高手》而爱上了打篮球,多少人因为《航海王》里的路飞而重拾梦想,多少人因为《龙猫》而找回了童年的纯真……

所以,喜欢动漫的你,请继续!从未接触过动漫的你,欢迎你!

1. anime [??n?me?] n. 日本动漫;动画片

2. buff [b?f] n. 爱好者,热心者,迷

3. illiterate [??l?t?r?t] n. 文盲;无知的人

4. captivate [?k?pt?ve?t] vt. 使着迷;迷惑

5. coming-of-age: 成年的,到了重要阶段的

6. offset [??fset] n. 补偿;抵消

7. evocative [??v?k?t?v] adj. 产生联想的;唤起……的(of)

8. workaholic [?w??k??h?l?k] adj. 醉心于工作的;拼命工作的

9. technocratic [?tekn??kr?t?k] adj. 技术专家政治论的,技术专家治国论的

The 2003 Oscar-winner Spirited Away is a coming-of-age5) story, a magical tale about gods and a heroine, a fable of how the modern world disrespects the past, and last, but not least, it is a visually stunning animated film. Miyazaki's stories usually unfold around the offset6) between nature and the ancient power of its gods and the disrespectful supremacy of the human world. Instead of the strong reference to Mother Nature, the spiritual world Chihiro enters is more evocative7) of an old society built on traditions, which is in danger of being overshadowed by the workaholic8) and technocratic9) modern world.

Chihiro's quest to save her parents is also a little girl's struggle to grow up in the modern age where the old family model is deconstructed. The magical power of Spirited Away hence lies within telling a universal story that is disturbingly relevant in the 21st century, with the addition of a big spoonful of Miyazaki-magic.

1

Spirited Away《千与千寻》

(Hayao Miyazaki, 2001) (宫崎骏,2001年)

《千与千寻》荣获了2003年奥斯卡奖,这是一部关于成长的故事,一个关于神灵和女英雄的神话传说,一则讲述现代世界如何不尊重过去的寓言,最后但同样重要的是,这还是一部视觉效果令人惊艳的动漫电影。宫崎骏的故事常常围绕这两方的此消彼长展开:一方是自然及其众神的古老神力,另一方则是唯我独尊、强权至上的人类世界。与其说千寻进入的神灵世界明显指代的是大自然,不如说它更容易让人联想到一个建立在传统之上的古老社会,而这个社会正面临着被工作至上和技术至上的现代世界夺取光辉的危险。

在现代社会,旧有的家庭模式已被拆解,而千寻拯救自己父母的这种求索也同样是一个小女孩在这种社会中艰难成长的故事。因此,《千与千寻》的魔力就在于它讲述了一个普世性的故事,一个与21世纪密切相关又令人不安的故事,一个添加了一大勺宫崎骏魔力的故事。

2

Cowboy Bebop: The Movie《星际牛仔:天国之门》

(Shinichiro Watanabe, Hiroyuki Okiura, 2001) (渡边信一郎、沖浦启之,2001年)

The sci-fi thriller is set in the future when humanity spreads out to live on the various planets of the solar system. The bounty10) hunters aboard Bebop decide to hunt down11) the person responsible for the spread of a new virus, and naturally, their quest involves many adventures, resulting in excellent action-packed scenes and smoothly animated fights: space fights and fistfights alike.

The feature film12) version of one of the most popular anime series includes everything that fans love about the 26-episode long series. Cowboy Bebop features the signature13) elements of many genres from western to sci-fi to gangster movies, which make it more Western in its atmosphere than other Japanese anime in general. Although strongly tied in to the series, Cowboy Bebop: The Movie is not only enjoyable for the fans of all 26 episodes of the show; it's undoubtedly one of the best sci-fi anime movies on its own.

The subconscious and the dangerous powers of dreams are Satoshi Kon's main topic. He explores this in Perfect Blue (1997) with its storyline of a pop-star-turned-actress who is being stalked14) by a mentally unbalanced fan. Paprika sinks one level deeper into subconscious, to the realm of physical dreams, where a machine, which registers and opens up patients' dreams, is stolen.

At this point, everyone who is dreaming is in danger, as the criminal targets the collective subconscious and invites people on a Danse Macabre15) as the Dream Land slowly invades the real world. Doctor Atsuko Chiba, the therapist, enters into this realm using her alter ego16) Paprika, a red-haired angel, to prevent the tragedy.

3

Paprika《红辣椒》

(Satoshi Kon, 2006) (今敏,2006年)

潜意识以及梦境所具有的危险力量是今敏作品的重要主题。他在1997年上映的《未麻之部屋》中就探讨过这个主题,该片讲述了一个曾是流行歌手的女演员被一个精神失常的粉丝跟踪的故事。《红辣椒》则进入潜意识的更深一层,来到了梦境的实体空间,这里有一台可以记录并开启病人梦境的机器,但被盗了。

此时此刻,所有在做梦的人都面临着危险,因为罪犯攻击了所有人的潜意识,使得梦境逐渐侵入真实世界,致使人们跳起死亡之舞。精神治疗师千叶敦子博士进入到梦境中,用她在梦里的分身红辣椒(一个红发天使)来阻止这场悲剧的发生。

这部科幻惊悚片的故事发生在未来,彼时人类的居住地已经扩张到太阳系的各个星球。乘坐比波普号星际飞船四处游走的赏金猎人们决定去追捕那个导致某种新型病毒扩散的人,自然他们在追捕过程中会遇到很多危险。这使片中充满了精彩的动作戏和流畅的动画打斗场面,有太空大战,也有拳脚相向的打斗。

《星际牛仔》长达26集,是最受欢迎的系列动画片之一,《星际牛仔:天国之门》是其电影版,囊括了原系列中所有深受粉丝喜爱的元素。《星际牛仔》集合了从西方电影到科幻电影再到黑帮电影等许多类型电影的代表元素,这使得它从整体上来看比其他日本动漫更具有西方电影的基调。虽然《星际牛仔:天国之门》与这部系列动画片有着千丝万缕的联系,但它不仅对于喜欢这部系列动画片全26集的死忠粉来说是莫大的享受,就其本身而言无疑也称得上是最佳科幻动漫电影之一。

10. bounty [?ba?nti] n. 赏金;奖金

11. hunt down: 追捕到;找寻到

12. feature film: 故事片,正片

13. signature [?s?ɡn?t??(r)] n. (人或物的)识别标志;鲜明特征

14. stalk [st??k] vt. 悄悄地追踪(猎物或名人等)

15. Danse Macabre: <法> (= dance of death)死亡舞蹈,骷髅舞(指中世纪绘画、文艺、音乐描写中由骷髅带领众人走向坟墓的舞蹈)

16. alter ego: 另一個我;代我

17. crisp [kr?sp] adj. 清新的

18. Deleuzian time image: 德勒兹时间影像,由法国哲学家吉勒·德勒兹(Gilles Deleuze, 1925~1995)提出,指通过非理性剪辑,展现还没有被线性时间所秩序化的影像本身,只呈现不连贯的声音、光线、色彩。

19. folklore [?f??kl??(r)] n. 民间传说;民间故事

5

A Letter to Momo《给小桃的信》

(Hiroyuki Okiyura, 2011) (沖浦启之,2011年)

The experience of loss, life in the metropolis compared to that in the countryside, and the little demons of Japanese folklore19) are compulsory ingredients of a good Japanese animation for all ages. Sure enough, A Letter to Momo features all these, with a good amount of humor and emotional moments in addition.

The scary-looking, but friendly ghosts definitely provide a few good laughs while they help Momo cope with the loss of her father. For those who are able to appreciate slower paced movies, it is touching to see how Momo gradually realizes that she isn't the only one who has suffered and that her relationship with her mum needs to be reconciled20).

Although this anime does not compete with the magical perfection of Spirited Away, in the shadow of some purely funny and entertaining American animation, it is delightful to find gems21) like this, where wit is combined with a heartwarming, humane story.

Animation can open a door to a world of fantasy inhabited by gods and mechanical demons, but not every anime invites the viewer on a journey into a universe beyond reality. 5 Centimeters Per Second is almost cruel in its way of sticking to reality, and that is exactly what makes it unique. While animation is usually action focused, 5 Centimeters Per Second often features images for their atmospheric value or crisp17) beauty instead of focusing on the space where the action happens.

The result is a nice example of the Deleuzian time image18). The film, instead of featuring characters who are working to create a better situation for themselves, mainly focuses on time itself. With the story of the childhood lovers who got separated when they had to change schools, this anime offers three variations of the same situation at different points of time, without showing any possible solutions.

4

5 Centimeters Per Second《秒速五厘米》

(Makoto Shinkai, 2007) (新海誠,2007年)

生离死别的经历、都市生活与乡村生活的对比、日本民间传说中的小恶魔,这些都是一部老少咸宜的好日本动漫所必备的元素。毫无疑问,《给小桃的信》囊括了所有这些元素,此外,还有许多令人捧腹大笑和感动落泪的时刻。

那几个长相吓人但十分友好的妖怪帮助小桃面对丧父之痛,与此同时它们也绝对带给了我们一些好笑的笑料。对于那些能够欣赏节奏较慢的电影的人来说,看到小桃如何渐渐意识到并不是只有她一个人饱受苦痛,看到她如何慢慢明白自己与母亲之间的关系需要和解,都会深受触动。

虽然这部动漫不能跟完美到出奇的《千与千寻》相比,也无法走出一些纯属搞笑和娱乐的美国动漫电影的套路,但这种将机智幽默融入充满人情味的感人故事中的电影就如稀世珍宝一般,能看到这样的电影还是让人非常开心的。

动漫可以开启通向寄居着神灵和机械恶魔的奇幻世界之门,但并不是每一部动漫都会将观众带上通往非现实世界的旅程。《秒速五厘米》在写实方面几乎称得上残酷,而这也是这部动漫的独特之处。虽然动漫通常更关注动作场景,但《秒速五厘米》却总是展现能突出气氛或富有清新美感的画面,而不是将重点放在动作发生的空间。

这般打造的结果可谓德勒兹时间影像的绝佳示范。这部影片并没有将重点放在展示人物如何努力来为自己创造一个更好的处境,而主要聚焦于时间本身。故事中,男女主人公从小青梅竹马,后来因为转学而不得不分开。基于这个故事,这部动漫电影展现了主人公在同样处境下于三个不同时间点发生的不同故事,但却没有给出任何可能的结局。

For those who love Miyazaki films only because of his usual fantasy elements, The Wind Rises, an historical anime, might not be the best choice for a big night. However, this film has its own great qualities. Miyazaki is at his best when it comes to machines, especially flying machines.

The Wind Rises tells the story of Jiro Hirokoshi, the engineer who designed Japanese fighters, but as usual with Miyazaki, there is more than this one layer in the story. Hirokoshi himself is a dreamer with a fierce obsession about flying machines and engineering—similarly to the director himself. However, the real Miyazaki alter ego in the film is Caproni. The Italian engineer takes Hirokoshi on fantasy trips aboard his plane, where they discuss the eternal freedom of flying and the endless possibilities of plane engineering.

206040.jpg The Wind Rises 《起风了》

(Hayao Miyazaki, 2013) (宮崎骏,2013年)

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对于那些只是因为宫崎骏电影里常见的奇幻元素才喜欢他电影的人来说,《起风了》这部历史动漫也许并不是某个重要夜晚的最佳选择。但这部电影自有其亮点。宫崎骏在机械方面可是行家,尤其是在飞行器方面。

《起风了》讲述了日本战斗机设计者兼工程师堀越二郎的故事。但是就像宫崎骏以往拍的电影一样,这个故事也不止这一个层面。堀越二郎本人是个极度痴迷飞行器和工程学的梦想家,这一点跟影片导演一样。不过,宫崎骏在电影里真正的分身是卡普罗尼。这位意大利工程师带着堀越二郎登上自己的飞机,开启了充满幻想的旅程,途中他们探讨了飞行带来的永恒自由以及飞机工程的无限可能。

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