柴北缘西段新生代弧形构造带演化历史及成藏过程

马新民，刘池阳，罗金海，陈大友，张建魁

(1.大陆动力学国家重点实验室(西北大学)，西北大学地质学系，陕西西安 710069；2.中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院，甘肃兰州 730020；3.中国石油长庆油田分公司，陕西西安 710069)



柴北缘西段新生代弧形构造带演化历史及成藏过程

马新民1,2，刘池阳1，罗金海1，陈大友1，张建魁3

(1.大陆动力学国家重点实验室(西北大学)，西北大学地质学系，陕西西安 710069；2.中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院，甘肃兰州 730020；3.中国石油长庆油田分公司，陕西西安 710069)

本文在钻井和二、三维地震数据精细解释的基础上，详细研究了柴北缘西段晚新生代弧形构造带演化历史和油气成藏过程。认为柴北缘西段是由一系列沿造山带前缘展布的弧形逆冲断裂和褶皱组成的弧形构造带。晚新生代以来的构造演化具有自山前向盆内扩展，东西两侧向中间传播的特点，油气运聚与构造演化过程紧密耦合。各弧形构造带两侧形成时间早，生储盖配置好，且具有古构造背景，是油气运聚的长期指向，应是下一步优先勘探目标。

弧形构造带 构造演化 油气成藏 柴达木盆地

弧形构造是造山带尤其是板内碰撞造山带的普遍特征，其形成演化与油气运聚有着密切的关系(Hombergetal., 1999；Affolteretal., 2004; Weiletal., 2004; 王少昌等，2005；李岩峰等，2007)。柴达木盆地北缘西段位于青藏高原东北缘，阿尔金山和祁连山交接部位(图1)，是印度板块与欧亚板块新生代汇聚碰撞远程效应作用区(汤济广，2007；关平等，2013)。现今构造组合(褶皱+断裂)呈弧形，关于形成机制，大部分学者认为其是阿尔金断裂新生代晚期左行走滑运动的侧向响应(郑平太等，1983；吴光大等，2007；陈迎宾等，2010)，过于强调阿尔金断裂走滑作用的影响，忽略了盆地晚新生代以来在印度板块与欧亚板块汇聚碰撞作用下SW-NE向强烈挤压收缩的构造背景。

近年来，一些学者对阿尔金断裂走滑变形的侧向传递范围提出质疑，砂箱物理模拟显示刚性块体边界形态是柴北缘反“S”型构造组合形成根本原因(周建勋等，2006；刘重庆等，2013)。地面地质和地球物理资料的综合研究结果得出柴北缘西段是一系列由南祁连斜向推覆作用形成的右行走滑冲断构造(肖安成等，2006)，断裂体系的几何学研究认为柴北缘西段反“S”型构造带的形成与阿尔金断裂走滑作用的局限性和南北向主应力作用的广泛性是密不可分的(杨超等，2013)。这些认识的提出是柴北缘西段构造变形机制研究的重大突破，摆脱了长期以来将柴北缘西段构造变形单纯归结于新生代晚期阿尔金挤压-走滑作用的传统认识，但仍然忽略了南北向基底大断裂对盆地的分割作用，也没有注意到弧形构造带两侧断裂旋转方向相反以及中间地带(如冷湖七号、南八仙)正断层广泛发育的地质现象。本文以野外露头、钻井，二、三维地震精细解释为基础，通过构造演化史分析，提出柴北缘西段为弧形构造带，并对其构造演化历史和油气成藏过程进行较为详尽的分析。

1 地质概况

1.1 地层特征

图1 柴达木盆地构造单元划分及研究区位置Fig.1 Location and tectonic sketch map of study area 1-山脉；2-地名；3-井位；4-一级构造单元；5-二级构造单元；6-走滑断层；7-逆冲断层1-mountain; 2-place; 3-well position; 4-first-order tectonic unit; 5-secondary tectonic unit; 6-strike-slip fault; 7-thrust fault

1.2 构造特征

平面上，柴北缘西段弧形构造群落由三排构造带组成，自北向南依次为平台-三台-九龙山构造带(I)、冷湖-南八仙-马海构造带(Ⅱ)和鄂博梁-鸭湖-伊克雅乌汝构造带(Ⅲ)，各构造带之间以宽缓的凹陷相隔，表现为隆坳相间的侏罗山式结构特征。纵向来看，组成弧形构造群落的各构造带由一系列自祁连山前向盆地腹部凸出的弧形压扭断裂和挤压断块(主要在第I排构造带)或断背斜(第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ排构造带)组成，从北向南，各弧形构造带中褶皱长宽比依次增加，形成等轴-短轴背斜(第I排)— 短轴背斜(第II排)—线状背斜(第III排)序列(图2a)。横向来看，以冷湖七号、南八仙轴线为界，各构造带东西两侧表现为反“S”型斜向扭动特征，中间部位深部表现为正向挤压逆冲，浅部广泛发育张性断裂，尤以冷湖七号、南八仙一带最为发育。

剖面上，自北向南，第I排构造带以祁连山前向盆地内部的基底卷入式叠瓦状逆冲为特色，形成断阶构造带。地震剖面上生长地层和断裂活动史揭示其形成时间为古始新世，是欧亚-印度两大板块碰撞作用下青藏高原北部地壳增厚的初始响应 (Yin anetal., 2002)。第Ⅱ排构造带出现深层挤压反转、浅层褶皱滑脱的构造样式，深浅褶皱不协调、高点不一致，主控断裂倾向相反，在喜马拉雅运动影响下，青藏高原整体北移，昆仑山向北持续挤压，中生界形成的深部张性断层发生反转，浅层在下干柴沟组下段的软弱岩层中发生滑脱。第Ⅲ排构造带深层表现为“两断夹一隆”的构造样式，浅层下干柴沟组上段及以上塑性地层在喜马拉雅晚期强烈的挤压作用下，向褶皱核部发生了流动，致使加褶皱核部加厚且与第II排构造带一样在下干柴沟组上段发生层间滑脱，盆地向北的推进受到了祁连山的强烈阻挡，两者共同作用促成了第Ⅲ排构造带的形成(图2b)。

表1 柴北缘西段新生代沉积地层表Table 1 Cenozoic stratigraphic chart in west part of the Qaidam Basin

2 构造演化与油气成藏

2.1 构造演化

生长地层是指在前陆或山间盆地生长构造(如生长逆断裂-褶皱带)翼部或顶部与褶皱构造同时沉积的地层，是构造运动与沉积作用同时进行的产物(Suppeetal., 1992; 张广良，2006；郭卫星，2008)。生长地层的发育及程度是对褶皱形成时间和强度的敏感响应生长地层序列在褶皱翼部具有楔状状态，即从背斜脊部至向斜轴部，厚度逐渐增大，而地层倾角逐渐变缓， 生长地层中记录了逆冲相关的褶皱作用过程。此外，断裂发育期次也与构造活动紧密相关，断裂上下盘地层厚度的差异以及断裂断穿层位等是断裂活动的直接记录，可以很好地反映断裂相关构造如断块、断背斜、断鼻等构造的发育的过程。综上，通过精细标定和解释的地震剖面上生长地层和断裂的活动情况可以很好地确定构造发育的初始和定型时间。

但是，要通过地震剖面确定构造发育的初始和定型时间，还要明确各套地层的底界年龄。关于柴北缘各套沉积地层底界的划分和年龄，前人已经做了大量工作，其中底界划分依靠露头、钻井和地震所反映的不整合面、岩性、电性、古生物(主要为介形和孢粉组合)等(杨藩等，2006；王兆明等，2009；路晶芳等，2010；姜营海等，2013)，年龄则依据古地磁、裂变径迹、同位素等来确定(Rieseretal., 2006; 张跃中，2006；万景林等，2011；柯学等，2013)。本文地层底界年龄上干柴沟组采用孙知明2005年基于柴北缘大红沟剖面古地磁和国际标准年表进行比对得出的年龄28.5 Ma～23.8Ma(Sun Z.M.etal.，2005)，其余地层采用Rieser等人2006年根据40Ar/39Ar得出的结果(Rieseretal., 2006a; 2006b)(表1)。

精细标定的二、三维地震剖面真实反映了研究区各排构造带主要构造生长地层及断裂活动情况(图3)，结合各套地层底界年龄，即可得出各构造初始发育和定型的时间(表2)。从中我们不难看出，研究区构造起始发育时间总体上呈现出纵向上北早、南晚的前展式演化特征，横向上则具有弧形两侧早、中间晚的演化特点。

图2 弧形构造带变形特征Fig.2 Deformation characteristics of arcuate structural belts in west part of the northern Qaidam Basin 1-山脉；2-地面构造；3-断裂；4-剖面位置；5-七个泉组；6-狮子沟组；7-上油砂山组；8-下油砂山组；9-上干柴沟组； 10-下干柴沟组上段；11-下干柴沟组下段；12-路乐河组；13-大煤沟组；14-小煤沟组1-mountain; 2-ground structure; 3-fault; 4-profile position; 5-Qigequan Formation;6-Shizigou Formation; 7-Shangyoushashan Formation; 8-Xiayoushashan Formation;9-Shangganchaigou Formation; 10-Upper Xiayoushanshan Formation; 11-Lower Xiag-anchaigou formation; 12-Lulehe Formation; 13-Dameigou Formation; 14-Xiaomeigou Formation

表2 柴北缘西段弧形构造初始隆起时间表Table 2 Initial uplift time of arcuate structure in the west part of the northern Qaidam Basin

图3 柴北缘西段弧形构造初始隆起时间的沉积响应Fig.3 Sediment response to initial uplift time of arcuate structure in the west part of the northern Qaidam Basin

表3 柴北缘西段主要生烃凹陷烃源岩演化史Table 3 Evolution history of source rocks in west part of northen Qaidam Basin

图4 柴北缘西段弧形构造带含油气系统事件(据注释①修改)Fig.4 Hydrocarbon accumulation events of petroleum systems in arcuate structural belts,west part of the northern Qaidam Basin(after Note ①)

图5 柴北缘西段弧形构造带构造演化与油气藏的耦合关系Fig.5 Coupling between tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in arcuate structural belts of west part of northern Qaidam Basin 1-钻井；2-地层代码；3-油藏；4-气藏；5-正断层；6-逆断层1-well position; 2-stratigraphic code; 3-oil reservoir; 4-gas reservoir; 5-normal fault; 6-thrust fault

2.2 油气成藏

柴北缘西段弧形构造群落具有丰富的油气资源，是柴北缘已发现的主要的油气分布区。以侏罗系烃源岩为主，分布在冷西、赛什腾、伊北、尕丘和鱼卡等凹陷中。目前已发现的油气田均位于这几个生烃凹陷的周缘，具有小凹控油、近源成藏的特点。前人研究成果显示，受构造沉降-抬升作用影响，各凹陷进入生烃门限和生油高峰、生气阶段的时间并不一致，但除了鱼卡凹陷由于受构造抬升作用，至今仍处在未熟阶段外，总体上都在渐新世-中新世期间进入了生油高峰，在中新世-上新世进入了生气阶段(马立协，2006；万传治，2006；张正刚，2006)(表3)。烃源岩演化及包裹体分析显示柴北缘西段新生代以来发生过两次成藏过程，时间分别为渐新世末期和上新世晚期(汤良杰，2000；高先志，2002；孙德强，2007；李明义等，2012；方世虎，2013；付锁堂，2014；田继先，2014)。渐新世末期，柴北缘西段第I排构造带的平台、九龙山及第Ⅱ排构造带两侧冷湖三号、南八仙、马北地区的圈闭已经形成并且具有一定的规模，可以提供有效的储存空间。这时候侏罗系烃源岩进入了生油阶段，源圈配置良好，早期断裂及不整合面为油的侧向和垂向运移也提供了条件，三者相结合，在第I排构造带及第II排构造带的两侧部位形成了早期油藏。之后，油气运聚过程持续进行，伴随冷湖四、五号构造的隆起，形成了冷湖四、五号油藏。上新世末，各凹陷烃源岩热演化达到高-过成熟阶段，以生气为主，主要充注对象是第Ⅱ排构造带中间部位的冷湖六、七号和第III排构造带的晚期构造圈闭，同时在第Ⅰ排和第Ⅱ排相对较早的圈闭中也有充注。此外，由于中新世喜马拉雅中幕构造运动形成的断层在一定程度上破坏了早期的构造圈闭系统。因而早期的油藏发生了调整，于是形成了早期构造多为油藏、气藏同生，原生、次生并存，晚期构造多为原生且纯气藏的格局，构造演化与油气成藏紧密耦合(图4，图5)。

纵观整个弧形构造群落，各弧两侧部位新生代以来多发育三角洲沉积体系，生储盖配置优于弧形中间部位，且各弧两侧形成时间相对较早，具有继承性发育的古构造背景，是油气运移的长期指向，更有利于两次关键成藏期油气的聚集，下一步研究区油气勘探应该围绕弧形构造带两侧的古构造发育区展开。

3 结论

柴北缘西段是由一系列沿造山带前缘展布的弧形冲断裂和褶皱组成的弧形构造带，晚新生代构造发育期次具有自山前向盆内扩展，东西两侧向中间传播的特点，油气运聚与构造演化过程之间紧密耦合；各弧两侧的古构造发育区储层发育，古构造背景有利于油气运聚，是下一步勘探的有利方向。

[注释]

① 青海石油管理局. 2005. 柴达木盆地柴北缘地区重点区带评价与有利目标选择[R].

A. Yin, P. E. Rumelhart, R. Butler, E. Cowgill, T. M. Harrison, D. A. Foster, R. V. Ingersoll, Zhang Qing, Zhou Xianqiang, Wang Xiaofeng, A. Hanson, A. Raza. 2002. Tectonic history of the Altyn Tagh fault system in northern Tibet inferred from Cenozoic sedimentation[J]. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.，114 (10)：1257-1295

Affolter T, Gratier J P. 2004. Map view retrodeformation of an arcuate fold-and-thrust belt: The Jura case[J]. Journal of Geophysics Research, 109: 1-20

Andrea B. Rieser, Yongjiang Liu, Johann Genser, Franz Neubauer, Robert Handler, Gertrude Friedl, Hongge Xiao. 2006a.40Ar/39Ar ages of detrital whilte mica constrain the Cenozoic development of the intracontinental Qaidam Basin[A]. In: Geological Society of America Bulletin[C]. 118: 1522-1534

Andrea B. Rieser, Yongjiang Liu, Genser, Johann Genser, Franz Neubauer, Robert Handler, Xiaohong Ge. 2006b. Uniform Permian40Ar/39Ar detrital mica ages in the eastern Qaidam Basin(NW China): Where is the source?[A]. In: Terra Nova, 18: 79-87

An Yin, Yuqi Dang, Licun Wang, Wuming Jiang, Suping Zhou, Xuanhua, Chen, George E. Gehrels, Michael W. McRivette. 2008a. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Qaidam basin and its surrounding regions(part1): The southern Qilian Shan-Nanshan thrust belt and northern Qaidam basin[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 120(7-8):813-846

An Yin, Yuqi Dang, Min Zhang, Michael W. McRivette, W. Paul Burgerss, Xuanhua Chen. 2007. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Qaidam basin and its surrounding regions(part2): Wedge tectonic in southern Qaidam basin and the Eastern Kunlun range[J]. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 433:369-390

An Yin, Yuqi Dang, Min Zhang, Xuanhua Chen, Michael W. McRivette. 2008b. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Qaidam basin and its surrounding regions(part3): Structural geology, sedimentation, and regional tectonic reconstruction[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 120(7-8):847-876

C. Homberg, O. Lacombe, J. Angelier, F. Bergerat.1999. New constraints for indentation mechanisms in arcuate belts from the Jura mountains, France[J]. Geology, 27:827-830

Chen Ying-bin. 2010. Tectonic developmental feature and its control for hydrocarbon accumulation in Northern margin of Qaidam basin[D]. Beijing: China University of Geoscience(Beijing):44-106(in Chinese with English abstract)

Fang Shi-hu, Zhao Meng-jun, Zhang Shui-chang, Ma Da-de, Zhang Yong-shu, Meng Qing-yang. 2013. Structural control on hydrocarbon accumulation and its implication for petroleum exploration in Northern Qaidam basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 20(5):132-138(in Chinese with English abstract)

Fu Suo-tang, Yuan Jian-ying, Wang Li-qun, Zhang Shui-chang, Zhang Dao-wei. 2014. Geological conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation in Qaidam basin[M]. Beijing:Science Press:255-278(in Chinese)

Gao Xian-zhi, Chen Fa-jing. 2002. Accumulation model of petroleum in the Tertiary system of the Northwestern Qaidam basin[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 27(6):757-762(in Chinese with English abstract)

Guo Wei-xing, Qi Jia-fu. 2008. Relationship of sedimentation and tectonism in growth strata developed by growth folding[J]. Geoscience, 22(4):520-524(in Chinese with English abstract)

Guan Ping, Jian Xing. 2013. The Cenozoic sedimentary record in Qaidam basin and its implications for tectonic evolution of the Northern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 31(5):824-833(in Chinese with English abstract)

Jiang Bin, Li Feng-jie, Zheng Rong-cai, Liu Qi, Liu Dian-he. 2010. Sedimentary facies of Paleogene Lulehe formation in western segment of northern margin of Qaidam basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 22(1):48-52(in Chinese with English abstract)

Jiang Ying-hai, Ren Shi-xia, Wang Peng, Yang Shu-yi, Lu Zong-lun. 2013. Tertiary stratigraphic correlatin and subdivision in the Southwestern Qaidam basin[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 37(1):58-61(in Chinese with English abstract)

Ke Xue, Ji Jun-liang, Song Bo-wen, Wang Chao-wen, Zhang Jian-yu, Sun Zuo-ben, Zhang Zong-yan. 2013. The Cenozoic rock magnetic characteristics of the Dahonggou section in Qaidam basin and the climate change[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 32(1):111-119(in Chinese with English abstract)

Kong Hong-xi, Zhao Jian, Hou Zeng-sheng, Si Dan, Zhai Zhi-wei, Ma Jin-ye, Shen Yu-shan. 2015. Provenance analysis and sedimentary environment evolution of the Neogene in Eboliang III structure of Qaidam basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 17(1): 51-62(in Chinese with English abstract)

Li Ming-yi, Yue Xian-gan, Jiang Qing-chun, Wu Zhen-zhen, Zhang Chun-nan, Wei Xue-bin, Deng Sheng-qing. 2012. Relationship between hydrocarbon accumulation and tectonic evolution in main structural belt of the Northern border of Qaidam basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 23(3): 461-468(in Chinese with English abstract)

Li Yan-feng, Qu Guo-sheng, Zhang Jin. 2007. Developments in research of Arcuate structure[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 22(7):708-715(in Chinese with English abstract)

Liu Chong-qing, Zhou Jian-xun. 2013. Lateral effect of Altyn fault strike-sllip movement on Qaidam basin[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 33(3):291-297(in Chinese with English abstract)

Liu Dian-he, Li Feng-jie, Zheng Rong-cai, Liu Qi, Jiang Bin. 2009. Sedimentary facies feature of Paleogene Lower Ganchaigou formation in the West segment, North edge of Qaidam basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 20(6): 847-853(in Chinese with English abstract)

Liu Qi, Pan Xiao-dong, Li Feng-jie. 2011. Sedimentary facies in Neogene Upper Ganchaigou formation on the Northern margin of the Qaidam basin, Qinghai[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 31(2): 67-74(in Chinese with English abstract)

Lu Jing-fang, Song Bo-wen, Chen Yue-ming, Zhang Jian-yu, Ye He. 2010. Palynological assemblage of Eocene-Oligocene pollen and their biostratigraphic correlation in Dahonggou, Qaidam basin[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geoscience, 35(5): 839-848(in Chinese with English abstract)

Ma Li-xie, Chen Xin-ling, Zhang-min, Wang Li-qun, Zhou Su-ping, Gao Xue-feng. 2006. Analysis on main control factors of Jurassic oil-gas reservoir-forming in thrusting belt in Northern margin of Qaidam basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 11(6):22-25(in Chinese with English abstract)

Sun De-qiang, Liu Hai-tao, Liu Jin-cheng, Zhang Tao, Li Xiao-ru, Wei Xue-bin, Guo Ning. 2007. The application of fluid inclusion to the research on petroleum migration of North Qaidam basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 26(1):35-39(in Chinese with English abstract)

Suppe J, Chou G T, Hook S C. 1992. Rate of folding and faulting determined from growth strata[A]. In: Mc Clay K R (ed), Thrust Tectonics. Champman & Hill:105-122

Tang Ji-guang. 2007. Tectonic evolution and its control for hydrocarbon accumulation of Mesozoic-Cenozoic multicycle superimposed reformation basin in the west of Northern Qaidam basin[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geoscience(Wuhan):24-42 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Tang Liang-jie, Jin Zhi-jun, Zhang Ming-li, Shen Fu-bao, Zhang Bing-shan, Luo Jing. 2000. Tectonic evolution and oil (gas) pool-forming stage in Northern Qaidam basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 27(2):36-39(in Chinese with English abstract)

Tian Ji-xian, Sun Ping, Zhang Lin, Guo Ze-qing, Zhai Zhi-wei, Zhou Fei, Zhao Jian. 2014. Accumulation conditions of natural gas and exploration domains in Pingtai area, piedmont zone of North Qaidam basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 25(4):526-531(in Chinese with English abstract)

Wan Chuan-zhi, Chen Ying-bin, Li Hong-zhe. 2006. Petroleum accumulation mechanism and advantage direction of exploration in the west segment of the Northern fringe of Qaidam basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 17(5):653-656(in Chinese with English abstract)

Wan Jing-lin, Zheng De-wen, Zheng Wen-jun, Wang Wei-tao. 2011. Modeling thermal history during low temperature by MDD and fission track example from Meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution in Saishengtaishan in the Northern margin of Qaidam basin[J]. Seismology and Geology, 33(2): 369-382(in Chinese with English abstract)

Wang Shao-chang, Fu Suo-tang, Li Xi-zhe, Fu Jin-hua, Sun Fen-jin, Jiang Zheng-long. 2005. The influence to the accumulation of oil and gas, of the development of the arcuate structure zone in the transition zone from the plat to the geosyncline in the West of Ordos basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 16(4):421-427(in Chinese with English abstract)

Wang Zhao-ming, Luo Xiao-rong, Wang Li-qun, Ma Li-xie, Shen Yu-shan, Gao Xue-feng, Li Ye-ping. 2010. Unconformity characteristics of West segment of Northern margin in Qaidam basin and its significance in petroleum exploration[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 19(4):19-25(in Chinese with English abstract)

Weil A B, Sussman A J．2004．Classifying curved orogens based on timing relationships between structural development and vertical-axis rotations[J]. GSA Special Papers, 383:1-15

Wu Guang-da. 2007. Study on the tectonic in Qaidam basin and its control to the hydrocarbon distribution[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 74-121 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Xiao An-cheng, Yang Shu-feng, Cheng Xiao-gan, Dang Yu-qi, Chen Xin-ling, Chen Yuan-zhong, Wang Liang. 2006. Right-lateral strike-slip thrust system and its dynamics along the northern margin of Qaidam basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 27(4):482-486(in Chinese with English abstract)

Yang Chao, Chen Qing-hua, Ren Lai-yi, He Yong-hong, Jin Fang, Shi Peng. 2013. Characteristics and its genesis of “reverse-s type” fault system in North Qaidam basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 32(1):18-21(in Chinese with English abstract)

Yang Fan, Qiao Zi-zhen, Zhang Hai-quan, Zhang Yong-hua, Sun Zhen-cheng. 2006. Features of the Cenozoic ostracod fauna and environmental significance in Qaidam basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 8(2): 143-156(in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang Guang-liang, Zhang Pei-zhen, Min Wei, Chen Jie. 2006. The identification and application of growth strata linked to the foreland fold-and-thrust belt during mountain building[J]. Seismology and Geology, 28(2):299-311(in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang Yao-zhong, Zhang Min, Ma Fu-qiang, Si Dan, Liu Dong, Xu Wen-mei. 2006. Basin-range evolution and oil-gas exploration in Altun slope area of Western Qaidam basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 11(6):26-32(in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang Zheng-gang, Yuan Jian-ying, Chen Qi-lin. 2006. Reservoiring patterns and accumulation regularity in Northern of Qaidam basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,17(5):649-652(in Chinese with English abstract)

Zheng Ping-tai, Yu Hong-xin. 1983. Several basic characteristics of “reverse-s type” fault system in Qaidam basin[J]. Northwestern Geology,(3):36-46(in Chinese)

Zhiming Sun, Zhenyu Yang, Junling Pei, Xiaohong Ge, Xisheng Wang, Tienshui Yang, Weimin Li, Sihua Yuan. 2005. Magnetostratigraphy of Paleogene sediments from Northern Qaidam basin, China: Implications for tectonic uplift and block rotationin in Northern Tibeatan plateau[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 237(3-4): 635-646

Zhou Jian-xun, Xu Feng-yin, Cao Ai-feng, Wang Tie-cheng, Yin Chen-ming, Li Gang. 2006. A physical modeling on mechanism of reverse S-shaped fold-and-thrust bests in the Northern Qaidam basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology,41(2):202-207(in Chinese with English abstract)

[附中文参考文献]

陈迎宾．2010．柴达木盆地北缘构造发育特征及其对油气成藏的控制[D]．北京:中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院:44-106

方世虎, 赵孟军, 张水昌, 马达德, 张永庶, 孟庆洋．2013．柴达木盆地北缘构造控藏特征与油气勘探方向[J]．地学前缘, 20(5) :132-138

付锁堂, 袁剑英, 汪立群, 张水昌, 张道伟．2014．柴达木盆地油气地质成藏条件研究[M]．北京:科学出版社:255-278

高先志, 陈发景. 2002.柴达木盆地北缘西段油气成藏机理研究[J]．地球科学, 27(6) :757-762

郭卫星, 漆家福.2008.同沉积褶皱生长地层中沉积与构造关系[J]．现代地质, 22(4) :520-524

关 平, 简 星.2013.青藏高原北部新生代构造演化在柴达木盆地中的沉积记录[J]．沉积学报, 31(5) :824-833

蒋 斌, 李凤杰, 郑荣才, 刘 琪, 刘殿鹤．2010．柴达木盆地北缘西段古近系路乐河组沉积相特征研究[J]．岩性油气藏,22(1):

48-52

姜营海, 任世霞, 王 鹏, 杨书逸, 吕宗伦．2013．柴达木盆地西南区第三纪地层对比与划分[J]. 地层学杂志, 37(1) :58-61

柯 学, 季军良, 宋博文, 王朝文, 张楗玉, 孙作本, 张宗言.2013．柴达木盆地大红沟剖面新生代地层岩石磁学特征与环境演变[J].地质通报,32(1):111-119

孔红喜, 赵 健, 候泽生, 司 丹, 翟志伟, 马进业, 申玉山.2015.柴达木盆地鄂博梁III号构造新近系沉积环境演化及物源分析[J]. 古地理学报, 17(1) :51-62

李明义, 岳湘安, 江青春, 吴珍珍, 张春楠,魏学斌,邓生青．2012.柴达木盆地北缘主要构造带构造演化与油气成藏关系[J]．天然气地球科学, 23(3) :461-468

李岩峰, 曲国胜, 张 进．2007．弧形构造研究进展[J]．地球科学进展, 22(7) :708-715

刘重庆, 周建勋．2013．阿尔金断裂走滑运动对柴达木盆地的侧向效应[J]．西安科技大学学报, 33(3) :291-297刘殿鹤, 李凤杰, 郑荣才, 刘 琪, 蒋 斌．2009. 柴北缘西段古近系下干柴沟组沉积相特征分析[J]．天然气地球科学, 20(6) :847-853

刘 淇, 潘晓东, 李凤杰．2011．柴北缘西段新近系上干柴沟组沉积相特征分析[J]．沉积与特提斯地质, 31(2) :67-74

路晶芳, 宋博文, 陈锐明, 张楗玉, 叶 荷．2010．柴达木盆地大柴旦地区大红沟古近纪孢粉组合序列与地层对比[J]. 地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 35(5) :839-848

马立协, 陈新领, 张 敏, 汪立群, 周苏平, 高雪峰．2006．柴北缘逆冲带侏罗系油气成藏主控因素分析[J]．中国石油勘探,11(6):22-25

孙德强, 刘海涛, 柳金城, 张 涛, 李小茹, 魏学斌, 郭 宁．2007．流体包裹体在研究柴北缘油气运移中的应用[J]．大庆石油地质与开发, 26(1) :35-39

汤济广．2007．柴达木北缘西段中、新生代多旋回叠加改造型盆地构造演化及对油气成藏的控制作用[D]．武汉:中国地质大学(武汉) :24-42汤良杰, 金之钧, 张明利, 由福报, 张兵山, 骆 静．2000．柴达木盆地北缘构造演化与油气成藏阶段 [J]．石油勘探与开发,27(2):36-39

田继先, 孙 平, 张 林, 郭泽清, 翟志伟, 周 飞, 赵 健．2014．柴北缘山前带平台地区天然气成藏条件及勘探方向[J]．天然气地球科学, 25(4) :526-531

万传治, 陈迎宾, 李红哲．2006．柴达木盆地北缘西段油气成藏机理与有利勘探方向[J]．天然气地球科学, 17(5) :653-656

万景林, 郑德文, 郑文俊, 王伟涛．2011．MDD法和裂变径迹法相结合模拟样品的低温热历史-以柴达木盆地北缘赛什腾山中新生代构造演化为例[J]．地震地质, 33(2) :369-382

王少昌, 付锁堂, 李熙哲, 付金华, 孙粉锦, 姜正龙．2005．鄂尔多斯盆地西缘古生代槽台过渡带裂谷系弧形构造带的形成与发展及对油气聚集富集规律的影响[J]．天然气地球科学, 16(4) :421-427

王兆明, 罗晓容, 汪立群, 马立协, 申玉山, 高雪峰, 李叶平．2010．柴达木盆地北缘西段不整合发育特征及其油气地质意义[J]．中国石油勘探, 19(4) :19-25

吴光大．2007．柴达木盆地构造特征及其对油气分布的控制[D]．长春:吉林大学, 74-121

肖安成, 杨树锋, 程晓敢, 党玉琪, 陈新领, 陈元忠, 王 亮．2006．柴达木盆地北缘的右行走滑冲断系统及其动力学[J]．石油与天然气地质, 27(4) :482-486

杨 超, 陈清华, 任来义, 贺永红, 金 芳, 史 鹏．2013．柴北缘“反S型” 断裂构造体系特点及成因[J]．大庆石油地质与开发, 32(1) :18-21

杨 藩, 乔子真, 张海泉, 张永华, 孙镇城．2006．柴达木盆地新生代介形类动物群特征及环境意义[J]. 古地理学报, 8(2) :143-156

张广良, 张培震, 闵 伟, 陈 杰．2006．逆冲一褶皱造山过程中生长地层的识别及应用[J]．地震地质, 28(2) :299-311

张跃中, 张 敏, 马富强, 司 丹, 刘 东, 许文梅．2006．柴达木盆地西部阿尔金斜坡地区盆山演化与油气勘探[J]．中国石油勘探, 11(6) :26-32

张正刚, 袁剑英, 陈启林．2006．柴北缘地区油气成藏模式与成藏规律[J]．天然气地球科学,17(5) :649-652

郑平太, 俞洪新. 1983. 柴达木反“S”型构造的若干基本特征[J]．西北地质, (3) :36-46

周建勋, 徐凤银, 曹爱锋, 王铁成, 尹成明, 李 刚．2006．柴达木盆地北缘反S型褶皱冲断带变形机制的物理模拟研究[J]．地质科学, 41(2) :202-207

Evolution History and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Process of the Late Cenozoic Arcuate Tectonic Zone in the West Section of the Northern Margin of Qaidam Basin

MA Xin-min1,2, LIU Chi-yang1, LUO Jin-hai1, CHEN Da-you1, ZHANG Jian-kui3

(1.StakeKeyLaboratoryofContinentalDynamics(NorthwestUniversity),DepartmentofGeology,NorthwestUniversity,Xi’an,Shaanxi710069; 2.NorthwestBranch,ResearchInstituteofPetroleumExplorationandDevelopment,Petrochina,Lanzhou,Gansu730020; 3.Changqingoilfield,Petrochina,Xi’an,Shaanxi710069)

In a long time,“Resverse-S type structural system”model was used to interprete formation mechanism of the late Cenozoic structural deformation in west part of the northern Qaidam Basin. It paid much emphasis on strike-slip effect of Altyn fault, but ignored overall tectonic background of extrusion and contraction in the late Cenozoic. Based on the data from field outcrop, drilling well and seismic interpretation, combined with analysis on the paleogeography and tectonic evolution, this paper put forward the new understanding of arcshaped deformation in west part of the northen Qaidam basin and discussed its formation mechanism and hydrocarbon accumulation in detail. It draw the conclusion as follows: (1) Arcshaped thrust faults and folds make up the late Cenozoic arcuate structural belts in the west part of the northern Qaidam Basin, recent “Reverse-S type”distribution on the plan is the result of the modification of arcshaped structural belts due to the differential sliding of basement fault. (2) Bedrock uplift, basement faults and thickness difference of sedimentary cover are the main control factors for formation mechanism of late Cenozoic arcuate structural belts. (3) Tectonic evolution has the characteristics of extending from edge to abdomen and spreading from both sides to middle. (4) it is paleostructure located at both sides of arcuate structural belts that would be the favorable exploration areas.

arcuate structural belt,structural deformation,hydrocarbon accumulation,Qaidam basin

2015-07-26；

2016-01-27；[责任编辑]陈伟军。

国家科技重大专项(2011ZX05007-006)和中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技项目(2011E-0301)联合资助。

马新民(1980年-)，男，博士研究生，主要从事含油气构造地质学研究。E-mail: xinmin_ma@126.com。

P618.130.2+1

A

0495-5331(2016)02-0316-11

Ma Xin-min, Liu Chi-yang, Luo Jin-hai, Chen Da-you, Zhang Jian-kui. Evolution history and hydrocarbon accumulation process of Late Cenozoic arcuate tectonic zone in the west section of the northern margin of Qaidam Basin[J]. Geology and Exploration, 2016,52(2):0316-0326