短文改错题探究

何艳丽

短文改错是命题人将同学们平时用英语进行写作时常犯的典型错误系统地集中地体现在一个篇幅短小、内容简单、题材轻松的短文中，以考查同学们发现、判断并纠正错误的能力以及在语篇中综合运用、准确运用英语的能力。

短文改错题型综合性较高，要求同学们有较强的观察能力、分析能力、评价能力和运用能力。其中的观察能力是同学们的薄弱环节。

为了做好短文改错题，同学们应该了解并熟悉常见的题型特点，了解改错题的设错方式，并依此形成较固定的答题思路，力争做到有条不紊，不慌乱不紧张。短文改错有以下几种设错方式。

[名词不正确]

名词不正确，即名词的格或数的形式不正确。如：

There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.

说明：advantage为可数名词，故将advantage改为advantages。

But one and a half year later， I now think English is fun to learn.

说明：one and a half修饰year，故将year改为years。

Were leaving for our hometouns to spend the winter vacations.

说明：vacation不用复数形式，故将vacations改为vacation。

We have spent several precious weekend in learning in the English club.

说明：several修饰weekend，故将weekend改为weekends。

[冠词不合适]

冠词不合适，即冠词的漏用、多用或错用现象。如：

On Thurday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.

说明：本句中的周末应为特指，故将a改为the。

Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play.

说明：泛指其他人应不要定冠词，故去掉the。

He would greet us in a tree outside our bedroom，calling “hello” as we lay in bed in a morning.

说明：in the morning为固定结构，故将a改为the。

[动词不恰当]

动词不恰当，即动词的形式不恰当，简单地说包括充当谓语的动词时态、语态、单复数不对和非谓语动词的形式不对两种情况。如：

Having fun with their friends make them happy，many people enjoy sports by matching others play.

说明：动名词作主语、谓语动词用单数，故将make改为makes。

For the most part， students working to earn money for their own use.

说明：句子缺少谓语，故将working改为work。

During the World Cup in 2002， my dad stays up late just to watch his favorite sport.

说明：由时间状语可知应用过去时，故将stays改为stayed。

He would also catch the food throwing to him from the other side of the room and sing happily.

说明：食物是被扔的，故将throwing改为thrown。

[代词不一致]

代词不一致，即代词指代不一致的现象。如：

Some students may also have to save up for our college or future use.

说明：由上下文得知，应用第三人称，故将our改为their。

Whats more， you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.

说明：pupils是复数，故将him改为them。

[介词不准确]

介词不准确，即介词或介词短语的使用不准确。如：

They would not have to ask their parents for money or for permission to do things by the money.

说明：“用……工具”应用介词with，故将by改为with。

It is good manners for us to help each other if we have the same desire and the teacher allows to it.

说明：allow为及物动词，故去掉介词to。

Usually I just checked the results because it was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball each other.

说明：“把……踢给某人”应为kick sth to sb.故在each前加to。

[连词不适宜]

连词不适宜，即连词（并列连词和从属连词）的使用错误。如：

He told me that Id probably have a heart attack while I started eating less.

说明：句意应为否定意义的转折关系，故将while改为unless。

Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play.

说明：句意应为转折关系，故将and改为but。

That is how sports are good activities for their health.

说明：前句为原因，本句为结果，故将how改为why。

[词义不辨别]

词义不辨别，即词义辨别不清晰或词性辨别不准确。如：

Football is not too badly as long as I watch it with my dad！

说明：本句充当表语应用形容词，故将badly改为bad。

Ill do plenty of exercise， which wont give me any harm either.

说明：“对某人有害”应为do sb. harm，故将give改为do。

It is real a good chance to have met all of you here.

说明：修饰句子用副词，故将real改为really。

[语言不顺达]

语言不顺达，即在语言逻辑有重复或错误现象。如：

It was completely dead， and I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold， wet night.

说明：具体距离后不需far，故应去掉far。

In American big cities， thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.

说明：根据逻辑可知，应为“买票看球赛”，故将sell改为buy。

So he decided to make a best car himself， and in 1904 he produced his first new model.

说明：根据逻辑可知，应为“更好的较好的一辆车”，故将best改为better。