阅读理解题探究

陈志均

《英语新课程标准》明确指出，“中学英语教学的目的，就是要侧重培养阅读能力”。并指出，“阅读就是理解和吸收书面信息的能力”。这就要求同学们在英语学习中，必须切实加强阅读学习，提高阅读的质量，从而有效地培养和提高“理解和吸收书面信息的能力”。新课标所说的“书面理解信息的能力”含义深刻，在学习执行新课标时，同学们应对“理解信息”中的“理解”二字作必要的领悟。

在阅读理解中，同学们尤其要注意加强对文章深层理解和整体理解的培养。

[找关键句或关键段]

阅读中，找关键句、关键段对于提高理解能力有着重要的意义。我们对议论文和说明文常采取演绎方法和归纳法进行论述。演绎法是先提出论点，然后列出论据。同学们在阅读类似文章时，要特别注意文章的开头和结尾，方能迅速抓住要点。同时也要注意段落的开头和结尾。

[列标题或选标题]

列标题或选标题，对于同学们加强整体理解、深层理解也有着重要的意义。

对文章缺乏整体、深层的理解，就不可能列出或选出正确标题。

[学会推理]

要有效地提高阅读能力，要求同学们具有理解抽象信息和隐含意思的能力。

要培养这种能力，自然要求对文章的理解程度要高。没有整体概念，没有深入的分析理解，就不可能推理出文章没有明确说出的意思。

[领悟文中说话人意图、态度乃至作者意图、态度]

在阅读中，较好地领悟文章中说话人乃至作者的意图，态度，也是同学们进行深层理解，整体理解的一个重要内容。

[扩大知识面、促进理解]

阅读理解的题材广泛多样，包括日常生活、人物传记、社会、文化、史地、一般科技、政治、经济等。如果同学们知识面太狭窄，特别是对英美国家的情况了解甚少，必然给阅读理解带来困难。为了更好地理解语言文字材料，有必要进行广泛阅读，要特别注意一些与中学英语课本有联系的背景知识，通过这些手段，扩大知识面。

例题 Since she was a little girl， Chloe-Jeane Wendell has had a special rapport with animals. But in the two years since her family brought Sunny Boy home to their farm in Vivian， Louisiana， the 16-year-old high school junior has bonded more closely with her palomino quarter horse than anyone expected. Hit， possibly， as a colt years before， Sunny Boy was spooked by almost any human contact. “No one could catch him，” says Chloe-Jeanes dad， Mark， “but my daughter had an immediate calming effect on him that allowed her to saddle him up for a ride.” Sunny Boy and Chloe-Jeane quickly became inseparable. “Hes a sweet guy，” she says affectionately.

At the local Redbud Festival parade in March 2008， the whole Wendell family—Mark and wife Bobbi Jo， Chloe-Jeane， and her younger sister， Kristen， 15—decked themselves out in Western gear and trotted on their horses behind the Vivian sheriffs group. Chloe-Jeane rode Sunny Boy； Kristen was on her filly， Angel. A few blocks into the parade， a 75-pound pit bull shot out of the crowd right at Angel and began to attack her. When Angel kicked back， Kristen jumped off to avoid being thrown. The snarling dog then turned on the girl. Chloe-Jeane dismounted to protect her sister. "We watched in horror，" recalls Mark.

When Chloe-Jeane let go of the reins， Sunny Boy started， as if to run off. But as the pit bull whipped around to pounce on Chloe-Jeane， all 1，200 pounds of Sunny Boy stopped short and jumped between them. He astonished everyone by squaring off and kicking the dog hard in the face. “I was shocked，” says Chloe-Jeane. “Usually， he avoids other animals.”

The stubborn dog kicked around and began tearing cuts in the legs of Marks horse. Animal control officials moved in and finally captured the dog， which was later euthanized （安乐死）.

Chloe-Jeanes friends clustered around her， saying， "Your horse saved you！" Indeed， the behavior was highly unusual. "Ive been around horses all my life and have not seen one take on another animal like that，" says Mark.

That night， Chloe-Jeane visited Sunny Boy out in the pasture. “I gave him treats and told him how thankful I was that he protected me. I think he already knew how I felt.”

Sunny Boy will likely remain a hero， as the Wendells plan to have him participate in an equine-assisted therapy program for troubled youths.

1. How many kids does Mark have？

A. 1 daughters and 2 son

B. 2 daughters

C. 3 daughters and 1 sons

D. 2 sons

2. How many horses did the dog attack？

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

3. What kind of horse is Sunny Boy？

A. It is always very active.

B. It is always very offensive.

C. It is always very nervous.

D. It is always very timid.

4. It can be learned from this passage that ________.

A. Jeanes horse was badly injured in the attack

B. Jeanes horse won its fame for its brave behavoir

C. Jeanes horse will have another chance to help other kids

D. Jeanes horse was visited now and then for its behavoir

解析 1. B。从第2段“... Mark and wife Bobbi Jo， Chloe-Jeane， and her younger sister， Kristen， 15—d ...”可知，mark有Jeane和Kristen两个女儿，Sunny Boy和Angel是孩子们的马的名字。

2. A。从第2、3、4段可知，the dog攻击了Angel 和Mark的马。

3. D。从第3段“Usually， he avoids other animals.”可知，Sunny Boy平时总是非常胆小，连跟其他动物打个照面都躲躲闪闪的。

4. C。从最后一段可知，桑尼男孩还会继续成为人们心目中的英雄。因为温德尔一家打算让他参加“小马驹当医生”的活动，扮演治疗助手的角色，让生病的孩子们开朗起来，早日恢复健康。