双语话中国历史名人：管仲

思年

Guan Zhong（died in 645 B. C.） was a politician① in the Spring and Autumn Period. His given name was Yiwu. Zhong was his courtesy② name.

管仲，名夷吾，字仲，卒于公元前645年。管仲是春秋时期的一位政治家。

Recommended by Bao Shuya， he was appointed Prime Minister by Duke Huan of Qi in 685 B. C..

经由鲍叔牙的举荐，管仲于公元前685年成为齐桓公的国相。

Guan Zhong modernized the state of Qi by starting multiple③ reforms.

管仲通过多项改革措施使齐国强大了起来。

Politically， he centralized power and divided the state into different villages， each carrying out a specific④ trade.

政治方面，管仲采取中央集权，把地方划分成不同的村，不同的村从事不同的贸易。

Instead of relying on the traditional⑤ aristocracy⑥ for manpower， he applied levies to the village units directly.

管仲不再依靠传统贵族作为人力资源，而是直接管理村级单位。

He also developed a better method for choosing talent to be governors.

管仲还发展了一种更好的选拔人才的方法。

Under Guan Zhong， Qi shifted administrative responsibilities from hereditary⑦ aristocrats to professional⑧ bureaucrats.

在管仲的统治下，齐国的政权从世袭贵族手里转移到了专业官僚手中。

Guan Zhong also introduced several important economic reforms. He created a uniform⑨ taxcode. He also used state power to encourage⑩ the production of salt and iron； historians usually credit Guan Zhong for introducing state monopolies of salt and iron.

管仲也进行了几项重要的经济改革，创造了统一的税法，还使用政府权力鼓励盐铁生产。历史学家通常把国家对盐铁的垄断经营归功于管仲。

During his term of office， the state of Qi became much stronger and Duke Huan of Qi gained hegemony11 among the states.

在管仲任期内，齐国强大了许多，成就了齐桓公的霸业。

【重点词汇】

① politician [?p?l??tI?n] n. 政治家；政客

② courtesy [?k??t?si] n. 礼貌；好意

③ multiple [?m?ltIpl] adj. 多种多样的；许多的

④ specific [sp??sIfIk] adj. 明确的；特殊的；具有特效的

⑤ traditional [tr??dI??nl] adj. 传统的

⑥ aristocracy [??rI?st?kr?si] n. 贵族；贵族阶级

⑦ hereditary [h??redItri] adj. 世袭的；遗传的

⑧ professional [pr??fe??nl] adj. 职业的；专业的；专门的

⑨ uniform [?ju?nIf??m] adj. 一致的；统一的 n. 制服

⑩ encourage [In?k?rId?] vt. 鼓励；促进；支持

11 hegemony [hI?d?em?ni] n. 霸权；领导权