直径155mm螺杆的单螺杆膨胀机性能试验

夏国栋 陈夏 张业强 吉威宁

摘 要：针对自主研制的螺杆直径为155 mm的单螺杆膨胀机，分别进行了压缩空气膨胀和有机朗肯循环性能试验。采用高压空气瓶作为气源，建立了压缩空气单螺杆膨胀机性能试验系统进行了压力、转速、油气分离器滤芯等对膨胀机性能影响的试验研究。结果表明：当采用气瓶气源时，膨胀机处于变工况运行，工作过程分成“渐变段”“阶跃段”和“稳定段”3个阶段；膨胀机进气体积流量随转速的增加而升高，不受进气压力的影响；高的进气压力和转速下，膨胀机可获得较好的动力性能、经济性能和效率性能。建立了单螺杆膨胀机有机朗肯循环性能试验台，进行了有机朗肯循环单螺杆膨胀机性能试验，获得了蒸汽干度和背压对单螺杆膨胀机性能的影响规律，结果表明单螺杆膨胀机的入口工质压力、输出功率、输出扭矩、膨胀比随着干度的增加而增加。

关键词：单螺杆膨胀机 压缩空气 有机朗肯循环 性能试验

Abstract：Experiments on compressed air and Organic Rankine Cycle （ORC） were made for single screw expander with Φ155 mm screw：（1）Experiment platforms of compressed air power systems are designed and set up using compressed air bottle as gas source. Experimental researches on the influence of pressure，rotating speed and filter element on the performance of single screw expanders were carried out. The results show that single-screw engine is in the variable parameter operation including three stages of the “transition section”， “step-section” and the “stable section” with compressed air bottle taken， which is dependent on the working characteristics of pressure reducer. The power output increases with increasing intake pressure and rotational speed， however， the torque increases with increasing intake pressure but decreases with increasing rotational speed. Both low air consumption rate and high total efficiency can be achieved at high intake pressure and high rotational speed， which indicate satisfactory power output and economic performance of single screw expanders. According to experiments， the biggest output power about 9.92 kW， the lowest air consuming rate of less than 60 kg/kWh and the highest total efficiency about 58.27% have been gotten at the intake pressure of 11 bar and the rotational speed of 3000 rpm. Single screw expander without filter element has bigger temperature difference， output power， efficiency than that with filter elements. Total output work of single screw expander without filter elements is 1.93 times of that with filter elements. Output power increase with temperature difference of single screw expander， the experimental correlations with data at different inlet pressure and rotating is a quadratic polynomial. （2） Experiments on organic Rankine cycle with single screw expander was performed to obtain the effect of steam dryness and backpressure on the performance of single screw expander. The results show that the inlet pressure of the working fluid， output power， output torque and expansion ratio are increased with the increasing of dryness. The efficiency of single screw expander is affected by several factors， such as rotating speed， dryness and back pressure， and the highest total efficiency of single-screw expander is 60.54%. the output power， output torque， expansion ratio and efficiency decreased with the increasing of out back pressure.

Key Words：Single screw expander；Compressed air；Organic Rankine Cycle；Performance test

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