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水平荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩非线性分析

2016-07-11陈兆陈骅伟蒋冲刘霖沙策瞿学迁

土木建筑与环境工程 2016年3期
关键词:斜坡黏土

陈兆 陈骅伟 蒋冲 刘霖 沙策 瞿学迁

摘要:在综合分析现有水平荷载作用下桩基分析方法的基础上,建立了考虑桩侧土体受力状态的斜坡刚性桩力学模型;根据极限平衡原理,建立横向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩弯矩和应力平衡方程;引入考虑斜坡影响的py曲线方法,提出了综合考虑桩侧土体极限承载力与水平抗力系数沿深度呈线性增加的侧向极限承载力与土体抗力承载力系数计算方法,同时,将该方法应用于计算实例,通过与已有有限元和理论计算方法对比分析,计算结果验证了本文方法的合理性与可行性;并利用该方法,分析了斜坡坡角、桩土接触面系数以及地基水平抗力系数对斜坡刚性桩承载特性的影响因素。分析表明:斜坡的坡角、桩土接触面系数对侧向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩的荷载位移曲线影响明显,而桩侧土的抗力系数对侧向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩的荷载位移曲线影响不明显。

关键词:斜坡;桩;水平荷载;黏土

中图分类号:TU476.4

文献标志码:A 文章编号:1674-4764(2016)03-0047-06

Abstract:The current analysis method of pile foundation under horizontal load are analyzed comprehensively. First, mechanics model of rigid pile in slope considering pile lateral stress is established. Second, according to the principle of limit equilibrium, the bending moment and stress equilibrium equation of rigid pile in slope under lateral load are proposed. Then the pile lateral ultimate bearing capacity and horizontal resistance coefficient along the depth increasing linear are developed using py curve method. The proposed method is applied in the case study, and the results verified the rationality and feasibility of this method by comparative analysis with the existing finite element calculation methods. Finally, the method is used to perform a series of parametric analyses, such as angle of slope, pile soil contact surface coefficient and horizontal resistance coefficient, and some significant conclusions are drawn. The slope Angle, contact surface coefficient of pile and soil has significant impact on the load displacement curve of rigid pile, and the resistance coefficient of pile side soil impact load displacement curve of is not obvious under the action of the lateral load.

Keywords:sloping ground; pile; lateral load; clay

水平受荷桩广泛应用于高层建筑、桥梁、海岸码头、海洋采油平台以及海上风电场等各种结构工程中,学者们对此进行了大量的研究。文献[1-3]从理论上进行了黏土中横向荷载桩的py曲线分析,李卫超等[4]通过砂土中两组水平受荷刚桩试验结果,基于 API的 py 模型,对砂土中刚性短桩的 py模型案例进行了研究, 刘红军等[5]对饱和粉土地基中进行了单桩水平静力和循环加载室内模型试验,刘严超等[6]开展了近海大直径单桩基础在水平荷载作用下的三维有限元数值分析;梁发云等[7]开展了水平和竖向荷载的桩基分析, 朱斌等[8]、王富强等[9]进行了水平受荷桩的离心模型试验研究。国外对水平荷载桩的计算也进行了大量的研究,提出了很多经验和数值分析方法, Brinch-Hansen[10]和Broms[11]的经验方法,Matlock[12]和Reese[13]的荷载位移曲线法 及 Brown等[14]、Jeremic等[15]、 Georgiadis等[16]的弹性有限元法。Zhang等[17]研究了刚性桩在黏土中的承载特性,视桩基为弹性地基,桩周土体简化为系列独立的弹簧,此方法的优点主要是能考虑桩土体系的非线性。综合上述研究发现,现有方法主要考虑平地上的水平受荷载桩的分析,很少有考虑斜坡上的水平荷载桩的分析,然而,工程实际中水平荷载桩也常常被埋入在斜坡地基上。因此,斜坡地基上水平荷载分析方法应该反映斜坡的影响,这正是本文研究的目的。

为此,在综合分析斜坡桩基水平受荷特点的基础上,引入极限平衡原理和py曲线方法,综合考虑桩侧土体极限承载力与水平抗力系数沿深度呈线性增加特性,建立考虑斜坡影响的黏土中刚性桩水平受荷非线性理论分析方法,以期使斜坡水平荷载桩非线性分析方法更趋合理。

1 模型建立

1.1 基本假设

如图1所示,桩完全埋入在黏土中即完成埋入桩,H为桩顶水平荷载,L为桩长,D为桩径。为了便于本文方法的建立,现作如下基本假设:

1)桩为完全刚性,在荷载作用下,桩沿桩身某点转动;

2)斜坡土体为粘性土,计算中不考虑排水;

3)假定土坡是稳定的,计算中不考虑坡体破坏与失稳。

1.2 受力分析

本文所研究的横向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩在黏土中的受力情况,如图2所示。

第1种情况是横向荷载作用下桩基两侧土体抗力均未到达土的极限抗力pu,如图2(a)所示,曲线ABC为桩侧土压力p,直线AD和直线AE为极限抗力pu;第2种情况如图2(b)所示,在顶面下一定深度b,桩侧土压力p到达了土的极限抗力pu,然后,沿深度方向均未达到土的极限承载力pu。第3中情况是有可能在桩的地面处,桩侧土压力p到达了土的极限承载力pu。这里重点分析下第1和第2种情况,第3种情况另文讨论。

2 参数确定

2.1 桩侧土极限抗力pu

对于粘性土桩侧极限土抗力已有很多学者进行了大量的研究,提出了很多计算方法,本文的重点在于讨论黏性土情况,因此,继续引入传统的py曲线思想,即荷载位移曲线法如图3所示,p表示桩侧土水平抗力,y表示桩侧土水平位移,pu为土的极限抗力,Kh为桩侧土的水平抗力系数。

5 结 论

根据水平荷载桩埋置在黏土斜坡上的工程特点,引入极限平衡原理与py曲线方法,对黏土斜坡中刚性桩的受力与计算进行深入研究,得到如下结论:

1)建立一种侧向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩在粘土中的非线性分析方法。该方法可以同时考虑桩侧土体极限承载力与水平抗力系数沿深度呈线性增加。通过与已有3D有限元方法和理论计算方法对比分析,计算结果验证了本文方法的合理性与可行性。

2)参数分析表明,斜坡的坡角、桩土接触面系数对侧向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩的荷载位移曲线影响明显,而桩侧土的抗力系数对侧向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩的荷载位移曲线影响不明显。

3)本文仅考虑了黏土不排水条件下的斜坡顶处侧向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩的非线性分析,对于其他土体类型有待进一步深入研究。

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(编辑 王秀玲)

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