基于自建语料库对NBA英语新闻标题的特征分析

梁冰

【摘要】隨机下载NBA美国官方网站241条新闻标题自建语料库，运用语料库分析软件，对语料库的总体特征和词汇搭配情况进行统计分析，结果显示：NBA新闻标题除具有一般新闻的特征外，还有自己鲜明的特点：数字、同义词、专业术语的大量使用以及非限定性动词和丰富的修辞手段。

【关键词】标题 特征 NBA新闻 语料库Antconc3.2.1w

NBA is an important sports event that is reported by domestic media. Due to the limitations such as broadcasting rights and television coverage as well as domestic news lag， many basketball fans prefer to browse English official website directly to obtain timely basketball information. Thus the wording and phasing of headlines is important because they serve as the essence of news as well as reading guides for readers to choose from.

1. Introduction

These corpus are from the news headlines of American NBA official website between December 16th 2014 and January 1st 2015. They include 241 texts and 1，879 words in total ； the corpus comprises 241 texts which are composed of each headline and each texts.Then use the Antconc3.2.1w to analyze the corpus， carry on the statics about the collocations.

2. Data analysis

The length of each text can be concluded from the number of bytes， pictograph. The corpus statistics show that the pictograph of the whole corpus is 1，849， the pictograph of lexicon is 1，789， types are 657， their ratio is 36.54， which demonstrates that a high variability of words selected； four-letter-word is the most often used in headlines， average word length is 4.97， all these statics reflects that degree of difficulty of headlines is lower. （tab 1）

1） the exact number appears most frequently

Basketball fans are always concerned about players stats， thus exact numbers in headlines can help reader quickly obtain the information. Tab 1 reflects that numbers have been used for 51 times， accounting for 17.84%， ranking in the first position. The numbers are always the players stats who win the game and scored the most points and the players stats are often compared with the stars ones in history in Hall of Fame. For example：

LeBron Reaches 9，000 in Cavs' Victory over Bucks

2） terminology and specialized terms are frequently used

For those big fans they can understand without any problem but those are not familiar to basketball will be blind to the terminology and specialized terms. For example，

Inside-Outside Combo Powers Wolves' Win over Pacers，

3） acronym is used in medium frequency

Acronym is often used for simplicity. In this corpus，acronym accounts for 1.78 percent， ranking in fourth position. For example：

the teams name omitted：LeBron， Cavs Cruise Past

4） use of rhetoric

（1） Metaphor is the most used rhetoric in news headlines， which accounts for 0.2 percent and ranks in the sixth position. It has something to do with teams name since teams name relates to animals. The use of rhetoric can attract readers eyeballs to a higher degree. For example：

Chuck Hayes still a valuable weapon in Rockets arsenal.（這里把海耶斯比喻为重要的武器来说明其重要性）

（2） personification

Rockets.com answers you mailbag.

3. conclusion

Through the analysis of the corpus above， the author draw a conclusion that the uniqueness of NBA news headlines lie in the exact numbers、rhetoric、terminology and specialized terms and so on. Thus it is evident that English expressions have their own characteristics and styles in different fields.

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