水稻高产优质种质创新

任光俊 谢华安 游艾青 杨长凳 李晓方

摘 要：紧紧围绕绿色超级稻的目标，创制了45份米质达部颁一级和二级米标准的新材料，其中30份材料的米质达部颁一级米标准；并培育出优质三系不育系川106A，其米质达部颁一级米标准。培育产量潜力有明显提高的新种质32份，其中产量潜力显著增加的新材料11份，为进一步的绿色超级稻育种打下了基础。培育并通过国家或省级审定的新品种13个，其中通过国家审定的品种3个，另有10个组合正在参加国家和省级区试；川优6203的培育成功，其米质可与泰国香米媲美，填补了长江上游，尤其是四川无法自生产优质稻米的空白。该项目发掘与定位5个水稻产量、品质、抗性相关的优良复等位基因，开发与稻米粒型、垩白、高抗性淀粉、柱头外露、叶片表面绒毛等性状紧密连锁的分子标记20个，为水稻优质高产绿色超级稻育种的培育提供了有用信息。选育绿色超级稻新品种的同时，通过新品种示范，积极地推广新品种，新品种推广面积为157万亩。

关键词：水稻 高产 优质 创制

Sciences； 4.China National Rice Research Institute； 5.Guangdong Provincal Academy of Agricultural Sciences）

Abstract：To target our goals on the Green Super Rice breeding project， 45 rice breeding materials had been innovated. And their grain quality reached the first or second level of the national rice quality grain standard. Among them， 30 reached the first level of the national rice quality grain standard. Moreover， And the “CMS” line Chuan 106A had been successfully developed. Its grain quality reached the first level of the national rice quality grain standard. Thirty-two rice new germplasms had been developed. These materials showed significant yield potential and 11 Of them showed remarkable yield potential. These materials have built up a good foundation for our future goals on the Green Super Rice breeding project. Thirteen new varieties had been released by the national or provincial Crops Variety Examination and Approval Committee. 3 Of them had been released by the National Crops Variety Examination and Approval Committee. And other ten combinations were tested in the national or provincial rice regional trials. Chuanyou 6203， which shows high grain quality coming closer to that of the Thai fragrant rice， had been successfully developed and released. Chuanyou6203 fill in the gap on producing good grain quality rice in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River， especially in the gap of Sichuan province where good grain quality rice is not usually produced. Besides of breeding varieties， five superior alleles related to the yield， grain quality and disease resistance were identified and mapped in this project. We had also developed 20 molecular markers closely linked to the phenotype of grain shape， chalkiness， resistant starch， high stigma exsertion and blade surface villi. Our work provides useful information for breeding the Green Super Rice with high-yield and good grain quality. At the same time， we had actively promoted the planting area for the new varieties through their demonstration. The planting area for the new varieties increased up to 10，467 ha.

Key Words：Rice；High-yield；Good quality；Innovation

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