文学阅读之听力初体验

许美英

【摘要】在听、说、读、写四会中，听是获得语言信息最主要途径，也是提高其他技能的基础。在历年高考中，听力的分值始终居高不下，其重要性不言而喻。然而，平时的听力练习大多围绕着高考的题型进行不断地机械训练，这样的练习过于单调枯燥，相反地，文学作品不仅生动有趣而且是近几年高考的热点，选取较为简单的名著缩写版，通过听力的输入，学生不仅能提高听力水平而且还可以欣赏到文学名著。在此，笔者以Great Expectations为例，尝试着把听力和文学欣赏结合起来。

【关键词】听力 文学 体验

一、教材分析

Great Expectations内容丰富，人物形象生动，情节跌宕起伏，能引发学生的兴趣。主人公曲折的命运及其历经磨难后对人生，友情，爱情有了正确的认识，这对学生有很大的教育意义。笔者选取了该作品中的两个主要人物Pip 和Joe，以两个人的关系由亲转疏再由疏转亲的转变为主线选取听力材料，以听力为输入让学生在提高听力的过程中欣赏到文学作品的美。

二、教材处理

文学作品的听力对学生来说较为陌生，因此精心选取听力材料以及设置由易到难的题目都是相当有必要的，这有利于消除学生对大部头作品的恐惧心理，树立听懂文学作品的信心！此外，在听力之前，展示相关图片让学生对人物有一定的了解，并且通过介绍一些听力技巧比方note-taking 中缩写和符号替代，在较难的段落通过呈现文本，挖掉一些重点词汇，设计为gap-filling 的听力任务，使得学生在训练听力技巧的同时可以更好地理解原文。

三、教学过程

Step 1 Lead-in （T=teacher； Ss=students）

1. Ss look at the picture of Dickens on the screen and guess who he is by the given information.

2. A brief introduction to the novel.

（设计意图：对文学作品进行简单介绍，让学生事先了解相关背景，从而更好更快地融入到听力课堂中来）

Step 2 Listening

Part 1： two main characters： Pip and Joe

A. Before listening

Look at the pictures of Pip and Joe and make a prediction about their relationship.

B. While listening

1. Recall the listening skill they used just now- Prediction

2. Make a prediction according to the materials given.

3. Try to catch the similar words while listening

（设计意图：Predicting是听力的重要技巧，透过图片让学生进行听力预测，目的在于帮助学生更好地把握人物关系，为顺利过渡到听力环节做好铺垫。）

Part 2： A man came with news

A. Before listening

Read through the given questions and circle the key words in the questions and make a prediction.

B. While listening

Ss listen and try to catch the key words to help them find out the answers.

1. Who was this man？

A. A doctor B.A lawyer C. An official

2. What news did he bring？

A. He would take Pip as his apprentice.

B. Joe would be very rich.

C. Pip had great expectations and would be educated as a gentleman.

3. What's Joe's attitude towards losing his apprentice？

A. He wanted some money for his loss.

B. He tried his best to make Pip stay.

C. He felt very sad about losing Pip but asked for nothing in return.

（设计意图：在听力理解过程中应用全景式细节检测策略，引导学生在听完第二遍听力之后，通过记录关键词寻找有用信息，更好地了解故事情节的发展。）

Part 3： A visit from Joe

A. Before listening

The change of Pip and Joe is told to lead Ss to the gap-filling exercises

B. While listening

Listen to a clip about the change of Pip and Joe and do the gap-filling exercises. Ss may find difficulty in filling the blanks， so another listening strategy—note-taking will be introduced to help them do the following gap-filling exercises.

Note- taking

1. Abbreviations （缩写）：U—you V—victory

2. Numbers or symbols：

2—too； to $ —money 88—goodbye

？—question √ — right × —wrong

I received a letter on Monday， and realized that Joe would arrive the next day. I am sorry to confess （承认）that I did not ____ ________ to seeing him at all. If I could have kept him away by paying ________， I certainly would have paid ______. I knew that his clothes，his manners and uneducated way of speaking would make me_________ of him.

At nine oclock the next morning I heard Joe's clumsy（笨拙的） boots on the stairs.

“Pip， how are you， Pip？” He shook both my hands together， his good _______ face shining with ____________.

“I'm glad to see you， Joe.”

“Well！What a gentleman you are now， Pip！”

“And you look wonderfully well， Joe.”

“Yes， thank God.”

（设计意图：Note-taking 是听力理解中的又一重要技巧，听力填词要求学生在理解原文的基础上，迅速而又准确地写出空缺的单词，此时，note-taking显得特别重要，教会学生速记的技巧，而后再把单词完整填入文章。）

Part 4： The end： Pip and Joe remained good friends after going through many events.

Ss listen and find out Joes attitude towards Pip when Pip became nobody again using the listening strategies above.

Step 3： Summary

1. Ss have learnt two listening strategies： prediction and note-taking

2. Ss have enjoyed four parts of Great Expectations written by Dickens.

四、结束语

以文学阅读为文本进行听力训练，这是一次初步的尝试，也是一个很大的跨越。教师在选材中，务必选取学生最为感兴趣的文学作品，从中进行提炼，节选并改写出与学生水平相当的听力材料，在题目的设置中也应该注意难易程度。总之，提高听力的方法多种多样，需要我们不断地去尝试和创新，最终寻找出一套行之有效的方法。