中考英语主谓一致备考指南
2016-05-30陆瑞萍
陆瑞萍
“主謂一致”指的是不同人称单、复数主语与谓语动词之间的一致。中考英语对“主谓一致”的考查,主要围绕“语法一致、概念一致、邻近一致”三个基本原则,主要考查以下十种表示法:
一、 主语由and连接时的谓语表示法
主语由and连接时,谓语有两种表示法:
① and起“A+B”作用时,即主语是and连接的名词或代词,谓语用复数。如:a desk and a chair;she and I;Tom and Scott。② and连接的名词表示“同一人”“同一物”或“相互配合使用的物品”的概念时,谓语通常用单数。如:a red and white rose一朵红白相间的玫瑰花;a cart and horse一辆马拉的车;a knife and fork一副刀叉;a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家;bread and butter涂黄油的面包。
1. Look! A black dog and a yellow dog with each other under the tree.
A. fight B. fights C. is fighting D. are fighting
2. Look! A black and white cat after a mouse under the tree.
A. is running B. are running C. runs D. run
第1题中,主语是a black dog and a yellow dog,是复数概念,因此正确答案是D。句意是:看!一条黑狗和一条黄狗正在树下打架。
第2题中,主语a black and white cat表示“一只黑白相间的猫”,是单数概念,因此正确答案是A。句意是:看!一只黑白相间的猫正在树下追赶一只老鼠。
二、主语由both...and,either...or等连接时的谓语表示法
主语由both...and连接时,谓语用复数形式;主语由or,either...or,neither...nor,whether...or,not only...but also,not...but连接时,谓语通常采用“邻近一致”原则,即与谓语靠近的那个主语是单数时,谓语动词用单数形式,与谓语靠近的那个主语是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。(注:neither...nor连接主语时,谓语有时也可以用复数形式。)
1. Both Tom and Tim great progress since last school year.
A. has made B. have made
C. is making D. are making
2. Either you or your sister to stay at home today.
A. have B. had C. has
3. Not only the students but also the teacher
pleased with the work youve done.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
第1题中,主语由both…and连接,谓语用复数形式,因此应选B。
第2题中,与谓语靠近的主语是your sister,因此应选C。
第3题中,与谓语靠近的主语是the teacher,因此应选A。
三、主语后有with,except等短语时的谓语表示法
主语后有with,along with,together with,except,like,but,besides,including等短语时,谓语要与这些短语前面的名词保持主谓一致。
1. My younger sister,together with my parents,often
to the park on Saturdays,but I have to go to school every Saturday.
A. go B. goes C. went D. are going
2. Everyone except Bill and Jim there when the meeting began.
A. was B. is C. are D. were
第1题中,together with my parents前是my younger sister,谓语要与my younger sister保持一致,因此正确答案是B。
第2题中,except Bill and Jim前是everyone,谓语要与everyone保持一致,因此正确答案是A。
四、主语是集体名词时的谓语表示法
主语是family,class,team 等集体名词时,如果这个名词表示“整体”概念,谓语用单数形式;如果这个名词表示“成员”概念,谓语用复数形式。
1. Johns family a big one.There are eight people in it.
A. has B. was C. is D. are
2. Johns family having supper at seven this morning.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
第1题中,family表示“整体”概念,意思是“约翰的家庭”,谓语用单数形式,因此正确答案是C。句意是:约翰的家庭是个大家庭,共有八口人。
第2题中,family表示“成员”概念,意思是“约翰一家人”,谓语用复数形式,因此正确答案是A。句意是:今天早晨七点,约翰一家人正在吃早餐。(是“人”吃早餐,而不是“家庭”吃早餐,因此这个family指的是“家庭成员”。)
五、主语是不定代词时的谓语表示法
somebody/someone, anybody/anyone,everybody/everyone,nobody,everything,nothing等不定代词作主语时,谓语要用单数形式;none作主语时,谓语可用单数形式也可用复数形式;all作主语时,谓语的单、复数形式要依据all表达的意思而定。
1. Hi,Jack,someone for you in front of the school gate.
A. waits B. wait C. is waiting D. are waiting
2. All going on very well since they came here.
A. was B. have been C. are D. has been
3. All present at the important meeting except Mr.Smith.
A. is B. was C. were D. has been
第l题中,主语是someone,是单数概念,因此正确答案是C。
第2题中,all的意思是“一切(情况)”,是单数概念,因此正确答案是D。
第3题中,all的意思是“所有的人”,是复数概念,因此正确答案是C。
六、主语是动词-ing形式、动词不定式时的谓语表示法
主语是动词-ing形式、动词不定式或从句时,谓语通常用单数形式。
1. To catch what he had said really not easy.
A. was B. has been C. are D. were
2. Flying kites in the open air far more enjoyable than playing chess at home.
A. have been B. is C. are D. were
第1題中,主语是不定式短语 to catch what he had said,是单数概念,因此正确答案是A。句意是:理解他所说的话真的不容易。
第2题中,主语是动名词短语flying kites,是单数概念,因此正确答案是B。句意是:在野外放风筝比在家里下棋要有趣得多。
七、主语是police,people时的谓语表示法
主语是police,people,cattle,youth时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
1. People newspapers or magazings for pleasure during their free time.
A. reads B. is reading C. read D. are read
2. The police on duty on the main streets every day.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
第1题中,主语是people,谓语动词要用复数形式,因此正确答案是C。.
第2题中,主语是police,谓语动词要用复数形式,因此正确答案是B。
八、主语是“the +形容词”时的谓语表示法
主语是“the +形容词”,指“一类人(the rich富人;the poor穷人;the old/aged老年人;the young年轻人;the living活着的人们;the dead死去的人们;the blind盲人;the sick病人)”时,谓语要用复数形式。
1. The rich for the plan,but the poor against it.
A. are;are B. is;is C. are;is D. is;are
2. The blind help because they are not able to see anything.
A. needs B. needed C. need D. is needing
第1题中,两个主语分别是the rich和the poor,谓语动词要用复数形式,因此正确答案是A。句意是:富人们赞成那个计划,而穷人们则反对那个计划。
第2题中,主语是the blind,谓语动词要用复数形式,因此正确答案是C。句意是:盲人们需要帮助,因为他们看不见东西。
九、主语是时间、距离等时的谓语表示法
表示时间、距离、货币、重量等的复数名词作主语时,常作整体看待,谓语用单数形式。
1. How time flies!Ten years passed.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
2. One thousand kilometers a long distance。
A. are B. is C. has D. have
第1题中,ten years常作整体看待,谓语用单数形式,因此正确答案是B。句意是:光阴似箭!十年已经过去了。
第2题中,one thousand kilometers常作整体看待,谓语用单数形式,因此正确答案是B。句意是:一千公里是一段很长的路程。
十、 there be句型中be的单复数表示法
there be句型中,be动词的形式要和其后的主语在数上保持一致。如果句子的主语是单数可数名词,或是不可数名词,be动词根据时态需要用“is”或“was”;如果句子的主语是复数名词,be动词根据时态需要用“are”或“were”;如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,be动词通常要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致,也就是我们常说的“邻近一致原则”。
1. Sorry,I didnt see there some milk left in the glass.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
2. There many people in the street yesterday.
A. are B. is C. were D. have
3. Cant you see there an orange and some bananas in the basket?
A. is B. are C. has D. were
第1题中,主语是milk,是不可数名词,谓语要用单数,I didnt see属“一般过去时”,因此本题应选B. was。
第2题中,主语是people,是集体名词,谓语要用复数,yesterday属“过去时间”,因此本题应选C.were。
第3题中,主语是an orange and some bananas,但靠近谓语的是an orange,是单数可数名词,根据“邻近一致原则”,谓语也要用单数,因此本题应选A. is。